Institution
Charles University in Prague
Education•Prague, Czechia•
About: Charles University in Prague is a education organization based out in Prague, Czechia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 32392 authors who have published 74435 publications receiving 1804208 citations.
Topics: Population, Large Hadron Collider, Czech, Magnetization, Transplantation
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A trial was conducted to test the effects of probiotic treatment with an oral preparation of non‐pathogenic E. coli in the hypothesis that the intestinal environment may contribute to the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis.
Abstract: Background
Aminosalicylates are used as standard treatment for maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. As yet, there is no other existing alternative with proven efficacy. In light of the hypothesis that the intestinal environment may contribute to the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, a trial was conducted to test the effects of probiotic treatment with an oral preparation of non-pathogenic E. coli.
Methods
A total of 120 patients with inactive ulcerative colitis were included in a double-blind, double-dummy study comparing mesalazine 500 mg t.d.s. to an oral preparation of viable E. coli strain Nissle (Serotype 06: K5: H1) for 12 weeks with regard to their efficacy in preventing a relapse of the disease. Study objectives were to assess the equivalence of the clinical activity index (CAI) under the two treatment modalities and to compare relapse rates, relapse-free times and global assessment.
Results
The start and end scores of the CAI demonstrated no significant difference (P=0.12) between the two treatment groups. Relapse rates were 11.3% under mesalazine and 16.0% under E. coli Nissle 1917 (N.S.). Life table analysis showed a relapse-free time of 103±4 days for mesalazine and 106±5 days for E. coli Nissle 1917 (N.S.). Global assessment was similar for both groups. Tolerability to the treatment was excellent and did not differ. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusions
From the results of this preliminary study, probiotic treatment appears to offer another option for maintenance therapy of ulcerative colitis. Additional support is provided for the hypothesis of a pathophysiological role for the intestinal environment in ulcerative colitis.
763 citations
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Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center1, Humanitas University2, Harvard University3, University of Bologna4, University of California, Los Angeles5, Mayo Clinic6, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center7, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre8, Emory University9, Churchill Hospital10, Charles University in Prague11, Bristol-Myers Squibb12, Brigham and Women's Hospital13
TL;DR: Nivolumab resulted in frequent responses with an acceptable safety profile in patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma who progressed after autologous stem-cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin, and might be a new treatment option for a patient population with a high unmet need.
Abstract: Summary Background Malignant cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma are characterised by genetic alterations at the 9p24.1 locus, leading to overexpression of PD-1 ligands and evasion of immune surveillance. In a phase 1b study, nivolumab, a PD-1-blocking antibody, produced a high response in patients with relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, with an acceptable safety profile. We aimed to assess the clinical benefit and safety of nivolumab monotherapy in patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma after failure of both autologous stem-cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin. Methods In this ongoing, single-arm phase 2 study, adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with recurrent classical Hodgkin's lymphoma who had failed to respond to autologous stem-cell transplantation and had either relapsed after or failed to respond to brentuximab vedotin, and with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0 or 1, were enrolled from 34 hospitals and academic centres across Europe and North America. Patients were given nivolumab intravenously over 60 min at 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks until progression, death, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal from study. The primary endpoint was objective response following a prespecified minimum follow-up period of 6 months, assessed by an independent radiological review committee (IRRC). All patients who received at least one dose of nivolumab were included in the primary and safety analyses. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02181738. Findings Among 80 treated patients recruited between Aug 26, 2014, and Feb 20, 2015, the median number of previous therapies was four (IQR 4–7). At a median follow-up of 8·9 months (IQR 7·8–9·9), 53 (66·3%, 95% CI 54·8–76·4) of 80 patients achieved an IRRC-assessed objective response. The most common drug-related adverse events (those that occurred in ≥15% of patients) included fatigue (20 [25%] patients), infusion-related reaction (16 [20%]), and rash (13 [16%]). The most common drug-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (four [5%] patients) and increased lipase concentrations (four [5%]). The most common serious adverse event (any grade) was pyrexia (three [4%] patients). Three patients died during the study; none of these deaths were judged to be treatment related. Interpretation Nivolumab resulted in frequent responses with an acceptable safety profile in patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma who progressed after autologous stem-cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin. Therefore, nivolumab might be a new treatment option for a patient population with a high unmet need. Ongoing follow-up will help to assess the durability of response. Funding Bristol-Myers Squibb.
763 citations
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Karolinska University Hospital1, Karolinska Institutet2, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania3, Great Ormond Street Hospital4, Brigham and Women's Hospital5, University of Kansas6, University of Alabama7, Mayo Clinic8, University of Pittsburgh9, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust10, University of Liverpool11, University of Debrecen12, University of Toronto13, University of Guadalajara14, University of Cambridge15, University of Tsukuba16, United States Department of Health and Human Services17, Tokyo Medical and Dental University18, Oregon State University19, Dalhousie University20, Peking University21, Duke University22, Oslo University Hospital23, New Generation University College24, Charles University in Prague25, National Institutes of Health26
TL;DR: New classification criteria for IIM have been endorsed by international rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric groups, and have been partially validated and generally perform better than existing criteria.
Abstract: Objective To develop and validate new classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and their major subgroups. Methods Candidate variables were assembled from published criteria and expert opinion using consensus methodology. Data were collected from 47 rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric clinics worldwide. Several statistical methods were used to derive the classification criteria. Results Based on data from 976 IIM patients (74% adults; 26% children) and 624 non-IIM patients with mimicking conditions (82% adults; 18% children), new criteria were derived. Each item is assigned a weighted score. The total score corresponds to a probability of having IIM. Subclassification is performed using a classification tree. A probability cut-off of 55%, corresponding to a score of 5.5 (6.7 with muscle biopsy) ‘probable IIM’, had best sensitivity/specificity (87%/82% without biopsies, 93%/88% with biopsies) and is recommended as a minimum to classify a patient as having IIM. A probability of ≥90%, corresponding to a score of ≥7.5 (≥8.7 with muscle biopsy), corresponds to ‘definite IIM’. A probability of Conclusions The European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria for IIM have been endorsed by international rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric groups. They employ easily accessible and operationally defined elements, and have been partially validated. They allow classification of ‘definite’, ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ IIM, in addition to the major subgroups of IIM, including juvenile IIM. They generally perform better than existing criteria.
754 citations
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Imperial College London1, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust2, University of Western Australia3, Queensland University of Technology4, St. Vincent's Health System5, University of New South Wales6, Charles University in Prague7, University of Paris8, French Institute of Health and Medical Research9, Max Planck Society10, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich11, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens12, University of Massachusetts Boston13, University of Hong Kong14, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland15, University of Palermo16, Kanazawa University17, University of Fukui18, Tokyo Medical and Dental University19, Dokkyo Medical University20, Maastricht University21, Rikshospitalet–Radiumhospitalet22, Tan Tock Seng Hospital23, Autonomous University of Barcelona24, Linköping University25, University of Lausanne26, National Cheng Kung University27, University of Leeds28, University of Edinburgh29, University of Birmingham30, AstraZeneca31, University of Glasgow32, University of Manchester33, Cancer Research UK34, Yale University35, Brown University36, University of Pittsburgh37, Vanderbilt University38, Yeshiva University39, Military Medical Academy40
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the Kirsten ras (Ki-ras) tumour genotype and outcome of patients with colorectal cancer was investigated using a multivariate analysis.
Abstract: Researchers worldwide with information about the Kirsten ras (Ki-ras) tumour genotype and outcome of patients with colorectal cancer were invited to provide that data in a schematized format for inclusion in a collaborative database called RASCAL (The Kirsten ras incolorectal-cancer collaborative group). Our results from 2721 such patients have been presented previously and for the first time in any common cancer, showed conclusively that different gene mutations have different impacts on outcome, even when the mutations occur at the same site on the genome. To explore the effect of Ki-ras mutations at different stages of colorectal cancer, more patients were recruited to the database, which was reanalysed when information on 4268 patients from 42 centres in 21 countries had been entered. After predetermined exclusion criteria were applied, data on 3439 patients were entered into a multivariate analysis. This found that of the 12 possible mutations on codons 12 and 13 of Kirsten ras, only one mutation on codon 12, glycine to valine, found in 8.6% of all patients, had a statistically significant impact on failure-free survival (P=0.004, HR 1.3) and overall survival (P=0.008, HR 1.29). This mutation appeared to have a greater impact on outcome in Dukes' C cancers (failure-free survival, P=0.008, HR 1.5, overall survival P=0.02, HR 1.45) than in Dukes' B tumours (failure-free survival, P=0.46, HR 1.12, overall survival P=0.36, HR 1.15). Ki-ras mutations may occur early in the development of pre-cancerous adenomas in the colon and rectum. However, this collaborative study suggests that not only is the presence of a codon 12 glycine to valine mutation important for cancer progression but also that it may predispose to more aggressive biological behaviour in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. ⌐ 2001 Cancer Research Campaign.
753 citations
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Newcastle University1, J. Craig Venter Institute2, University of Maryland, College Park3, University of Glasgow4, Technical University of Denmark5, University of Calgary6, Natural History Museum7, Ghent University8, University of Dundee9, University of Sassari10, University of California, Los Angeles11, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute12, Charles University in Prague13, University of Iowa14, University of Düsseldorf15, University of California, San Francisco16, University of Queensland17, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute18, Chang Gung University19, University of Strathclyde20
TL;DR: The genome sequence of the protist Trichomonas vaginalis predicts previously unknown functions for the hydrogenosome, which support a common evolutionary origin of this unusual organelle with mitochondria.
Abstract: We describe the genome sequence of the protist Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted human pathogen. Repeats and transposable elements comprise about two-thirds of the similar to 160-megabase genome, reflecting a recent massive expansion of genetic material. This expansion, in conjunction with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of host proteins may exemplify adaptations of the parasite during its transition to a urogenital environment. The genome sequence predicts previously unknown functions for the hydrogenosome, which support a common evolutionary origin of this unusual organelle with mitochondria.
751 citations
Authors
Showing all 32719 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ronald C. Petersen | 178 | 1091 | 153067 |
P. Chang | 170 | 2154 | 151783 |
Vaclav Vrba | 141 | 1298 | 95671 |
Milos Lokajicek | 139 | 1511 | 98888 |
Christopher D. Manning | 138 | 499 | 147595 |
Yves Sirois | 137 | 1334 | 95714 |
Rupert Leitner | 136 | 1201 | 90597 |
Gerald M. Reaven | 133 | 799 | 80351 |
Roberto Sacchi | 132 | 1186 | 89012 |
S. Errede | 132 | 1481 | 98663 |
Mark Neubauer | 131 | 1252 | 89004 |
Peter Kodys | 131 | 1262 | 85267 |
Panos A Razis | 130 | 1287 | 90704 |
Vit Vorobel | 130 | 919 | 79444 |
Jehad Mousa | 130 | 1226 | 86564 |