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Institution

Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center

HealthcareAugusta, Georgia, United States
About: Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center is a healthcare organization based out in Augusta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Autophagy & Kidney. The organization has 349 authors who have published 490 publications receiving 16360 citations. The organization is also known as: Augusta VA Medical Center.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of tumor-bearing animals and identification of novel renoprotective strategies that do not diminish the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin are essential to the development of clinically applicable interventions.

1,482 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vivo analysis revealed that mitochondrial fragmentation also occurred in proximal tubular cells in mice during renal ischemia/reperfusion and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, and was identified as what is believed to be a novel mechanism contributing to mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in vivo in mouse models of disease.
Abstract: The mechanism of mitochondrial damage, a key contributor to renal tubular cell death during acute kidney injury, remains largely unknown. Here, we have demonstrated a striking morphological change of mitochondria in experimental models of renal ischemia/reperfusion and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. This change contributed to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, release of apoptogenic factors, and consequent apoptosis. Following either ATP depletion or cisplatin treatment of rat renal tubular cells, mitochondrial fragmentation was observed prior to cytochrome c release and apoptosis. This mitochondrial fragmentation was inhibited by Bcl2 but not by caspase inhibitors. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a critical mitochondrial fission protein, translocated to mitochondria early during tubular cell injury, and both siRNA knockdown of Drp1 and expression of a dominant-negative Drp1 attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Further in vivo analysis revealed that mitochondrial fragmentation also occurred in proximal tubular cells in mice during renal ischemia/reperfusion and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Notably, both tubular cell apoptosis and acute kidney injury were attenuated by mdivi-1, a newly identified pharmacological inhibitor of Drp1. This study demonstrates a rapid regulation of mitochondrial dynamics during acute kidney injury and identifies mitochondrial fragmentation as what we believe to be a novel mechanism contributing to mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in vivo in mouse models of disease.

617 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Jul 2014-Neuron
TL;DR: Evidence indicates there is an optimal level of NRG/ ERBB signaling in the brain and deviation from it impairs brain functions, and NRGs/ERBBs and downstream signaling pathways may provide therapeutic targets for specific neuropsychiatric symptoms.

442 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results establish a renoprotective role of tubular cell autophagy in acute kidney injury where it may interfere with cell killing mechanisms and establish a renal proximal tubule-specific Autophagy-related gene 7 knockout mouse model.

394 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro models of ischemia-reperfusion demonstrated autophagy induction during hypoxic and ischemic renal injury and suggested that under these pathological conditions,autophagy may provide a protective mechanism for cell survival.
Abstract: Autophagy mediates bulk degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents to maintain cellular homeostasis. In response to stress, autophagy is induced and may either contribute to cell death or serve as a cell survival mechanism. Very little is known about autophagy in renal pathophysiology. This study examined autophagy and its pathological role in renal cell injury using in vitro and in vivo models of ischemia−reperfusion. We found that hypoxia (1% O2) induced autophagy in cultured renal proximal tubular cells. Blockade of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or small-interfering RNA knockdown of Beclin-1 and ATG5 (two key autophagic genes) sensitized the tubular cells to hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In an in vitro model of ischemia−reperfusion, autophagy was not induced by anoxic (0% O2) incubation in glucose-free buffer, but was induced during subsequent recovery/reperfusion period. In this model, suppression of autophagy also enhanced apoptosis. In vivo, autophagy was induced in kidney tissues during renal ischemia−reperfusion in mice. Autophagy was not obvious during the ischemia period, but was significantly enhanced during reperfusion. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine and 3-methyladenine worsened renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, as indicated by renal function, histology, and tubular apoptosis. Together, the results demonstrated autophagy induction during hypoxic and ischemic renal injury. Under these pathological conditions, autophagy may provide a protective mechanism for cell survival.

347 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20231
20226
202163
202050
201942
201846