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Showing papers by "Chinese Academy of Sciences published in 1980"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Multiple regression analysis showed that the nitrogen mineralization potential of meadow marsh soil was the main factor affecting DOC production, while no significant correlation was observed between DOC release and leachate pH.
Abstract: In this paper, an incubation test with soil columns was carried out for 35 days to study the dynamics of DOC leaching from the organic layers (2 approximately 13 cm) of two meadow marsh soils, and the correlation of DOC release with soil respiration, NH4+ formation, and leachate pH. The results showed that in the first week, DOC release presented a fast decrease, and then held on a steady level, which could be well described by one order exponential equation (R2 > 0.96, P < 0.05). During 35 days incubation, the cumulative release of DOC from two test soils was 210.9 microg C x g(-1) and 506.58 microg C x g(-1), and the cumulative emission of CO2 was 679.64 microg C x g(-1) and 455.54 microg C x g(-1), respectively. It was suggested that in the course of incubation, the lower DOC release might be related to the microbial carbon limitation because of the greater CO2 production rate. A significantly positive correlation was found between DOC release and NH4+ formation (rXI = 0.886, P<0.05; rXII = 0.972, P<0.01), while no significant correlation was observed between DOC release and leachate pH. Multiple regression analysis showed that the nitrogen mineralization potential of meadow marsh soil was the main factor affecting DOC production.

113 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relativistic random phase approximation (RRPA) as discussed by the authors was developed from linearized time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory and applied to determine excitation energies and oscillator strengths along the He, Be, Mg, Zn and Ne isoelectronic sequences.
Abstract: The relativistic random phase approximation RRPA is developed from linearized time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory. Applications of the resulting relativistic many-body equations to determine excitation energies and oscillator strengths along the He, Be, Mg, Zn and Ne isoelectronic sequences are discussed and compared with other recent experimental and theoretical work. The multi-channel RRPA treatment of photoionization is described and applications are given to total cross sections, branching ratios, angular distributions and to autoionizing resonances.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured distribution patterns of eight vertebrate species, using indices derived from transect counts of animals and their signs, and demonstrated highly significant relationships between animal distribution patterns and objective classification of landscape and seasons.
Abstract: SUMMARY wildlife communities was tested by measurement of distribution patterns of eight vertebrate species, using indices derived from transect counts of animals and their signs. Highly significant relationships between animal distribution patterns and objective classification of landscape and seasons were demonstrated. (2) Highest densities of animals occurred near borders of land systems. Methods used highlighted critical areas and yielded, rapidly and economically, information vital for sound management and establishment of national parks. (3) Dangers to the ecological viability of the Parque Nacional de Dofiana include overgrazing by non-indigenous species within the Park and development outside the Park of properties formerly acting as buffer zones.

57 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effectiveness of certain herbal drugs as anticancer agents has been studied for many years in China by researchers in various disciplines and the success of their use is encouraging but a great deal of research is required in the future.
Abstract: The effectiveness of certain herbal drugs as anticancer agents has been studied for many years in China by researchers in various disciplines. The preparations discussed here are: Camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin; harringtonine and homoharringtonine; colchicine and colchicinamide; curzerenone; monocrotaline; lycobetaine; oridonin; indirubin; and cantharidin. The success of their use is encourgaging but a great deal of research is required in the future.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental studies on the film cooling effectiveness of turbulent flow over an adiabatic flat plate have been carried out as discussed by the authors, where Schiieren photographs for different flow rates are given.
Abstract: Experimental studies on the film cooling effectiveness of turbulent flow over an adiabatic flat plate have been carried out. Schiieren photographs for different flow rates are given. Experimental studies of the heat transfer coefficient of an electrically heated flat plate are compared with theoretical results. The fluctuating velocity and turbulence intensity distributions at different sections of the nonisothermal film cooling flowfield were measured by a hot film anemometer. The film cooling effectiveness equations can be modified by the turbulence mixing coefficient.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a polynomial commutes with an evolution equation if it possesses nontrivial symmetries (or conservation laws for a class of polynomials).
Abstract: Letu=u(x, t) be a function ofx andt, andu i =D i u,D=d/dx,i=0, 1, 2, ..., be its derivatives with respect tox. Denote byW n the set {f|f=f(u,u1, ...,u n ), (∂/∂u n )f≠0}, wheref(u, ...,u n ) are polynomials ofu i with constant coefficients. To any\(f \in W = \mathop \cup \limits_{n = 2}^\infty W_n \), we relate it with an operator . In this paper we prove that: ℳ(f) commutes with ℳ(g) if they commute respectively with ℳ(h), providedf,g,heW. Relating to this commutativity theorem, we prove that, if an evolution equationu t =f(u, ...,u n ) possesses nontrivial symmetries (or conservation laws for a class of polynomialsf), thenf=Cu n +f1(u, ...,u r ), whereC=const, andr

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the morphology of aromatic polyamide type reverse osmosis membranes has been investigated with the aid of the scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM) with the majority of the samples are treated by the method of critical point drying (CPD) and then observed with a SEM.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The state of psychology in China at the present time is discussed in the context of trends, continuities, and discontinuities in development of the discipline over the last 60 years as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The state of psychology in China at the present time is discussed in the context of trends, continuities, and discontinuities in development of the discipline over the last 60 years. The work of psychologists was severely disrupted between 1966 and 1976 by the activities of the 'gang of four'. Although there is in effect a lost generation of psychologists, teaching and research have been vigorously re-established in the colleges and universities. In the Institute of Psychology, which forms part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 90 psychologists are carrying out research primarily in developmental psychology, perception, physiological and pathological psychology, and psychological theories and systems. The Chinese Psychological- Society resumed activities in 1977, and Acta Psychologica Sinica reappeared in 1979 with a circulation of 10,000 copies. Psychology in China is international in its perspective, and Chinese psychologists have welcomed many recent opportunities to establish contacts with ...

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the fragmentation mechanisms of dihydro- and tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepines under electron impact have been studied in detail using high resolution mass spectrometry, metastable decompositions and deuterium labelling techniques.
Abstract: The fragmentation mechanisms of dihydro- and tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepines under electron impact have been studied in detail using high resolution mass spectrometry, metastable decompositions and deuterium labelling techniques. Both kinds of the benzothiazepines possess high stability. The [MSH]+ and the cyclic benzothiazole ions derived from the fragmentation and severe skeletal rearrangement of the molecular ion comprised the main features of the spectra. Some doubly charged ions were noticed in the low resolution electron impact mass spectra.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of determination of the serum 5′‐NPDase isozymes in 95 cases of primary liver carcinoma and other kinds of liver disase are presented and this test might be a useful supplement to AFP determination, especially in AFP‐negative liver cancer patients.
Abstract: The results of determination of the serum 5'-NPDase isozymes in 95 cases of primary liver carcinoma and other kinds of disease are presented. The 5'-NPDase-V was positive in 83.2% of primary liver cancer cases. This test might be a useful supplement to AFP determination, especially in AFP-negative liver cancer patients. In most patients who had undergone successful liver resection for primary carcinoma, the test became negative. A positive 5'NPDase-V test in patients with cancer elsewhere in the body may suggest liver metastasis. In addition, this test may be of some help in the differentiation of primary liver cancer from other kinds of liver disease. The problem of "false-positive" results of this test is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1980-Cell
TL;DR: The characterization of Tn2 transpositions into the chromosome and into an F' lacproB episome of E. coli is reported, and it seems probable that insertion and deletion occur simultaneously.

Journal ArticleDOI
C.C. Ching1, B.L. Yu1, S.L. Jiao1, L.R. Kuan1, K.M. Chao1 
TL;DR: The visual performance of Chinese adults, 20 to 30 years of age, is evaluated as a part of a study determining illumination standards intended for use in The People's Republic of China.
Abstract: The visual performance of Chinese adults, 20 to 30 years of age, is evaluated as a part of a study determining illumination standards intended for use in The People's Republic of China. Spatial acuity was measured with Landolt rings as a function of visual angle, contrast and illuminance. The influence of these variables on visual performance is described by a mathematical model. The results are compared with the standard RCS visual performance curve recommended by the CIE.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1980-Strain
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique for measuring and calculating CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) arid the J-integral with double clip gauge is described, which can calculate CTOD and J througout the entire loading process.
Abstract: This paper describes a technique for measuring and calculating CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) arid the J-integral with double clip gauge. CTOD (or δ) and the rotation factor (r), the relation between δ and J-integral, as well as the R-curves δ - Δa and J. Δa are discussed. From the measurements with double clip gauge, one can calculate CTOD and J througout the entire loading process. The present technique seems to be a better approach than DD19, in which r is taken as a constant (r = 1/3).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Water in buta-1,3-diene and associated solvents (such as raffinate oil) can be determined by gas chromatography at levels as low as 1 ppm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if there are both left-handed and right-handed Dirac neutrinos, then the two kinds of combination of ν L, (ν L ) c, ν R, (n R ) c are likely to have a mass difference which produces neutrino-antineutrino oscillation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the growth behavior of LiTaO single crystals grown by Czochralski method along the X, Y, Z, R and M c axes was studied and the morphological features on crystal surfaces depend on the anisotropy of crystal growth.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was confirmed that the (0001) 〈11 2 0 0 −1 −1 slip system must be responsible for the generation of such grain boundaries.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that all Γ 12's (including that of the K 0 − K 0 system) are not real numbers in the standard Kobayashi-Maskawa model, and in some special parameterizations this could also give ΔmΔγ > 0 for K L and K S.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that the industrial psychology at that time did not attract the attention of factory owners; nor was it well received by the worker masses Therefore for a long period of time, industrial psychology failed to take root and grow in China's soil.
Abstract: It was at the beginning of the century that the industrial psychology of the West was first introduced into China In the mid-1930s there were an increasing number of articles dealing with this subject and at the same time some psychologists engaged in such studies, though not a great many However, industrial psychology at that time did not attract the attention of factory owners; nor was it well received by the worker masses Therefore for a long period of time, industrial psychology failed to take root and grow in China's soil

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experience shows that iterative solutions considering three-dimensional flow obtained by the successive calculation of the Sj and S2 surface flows are rapid and practical.
Abstract: Based upon Wu's general three-dimensional turbomachine flow theory, a set of computer programs was established to measure flow along the relative stream surfaces S1 and S2, employing nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates and nonorthogonal velocity components. The streamline extension technique, matrix direct solution, and line relaxation method are used in these programs. With the employment of fictitious grid points, the internal storage capacity required in the matrix direct solution is reduced by nearly two-thirds. The matrix direct solution and the line relaxation method are found to converge nearly 10 times faster than the streamline extension technique. These programs constitute a design system of axial flow turbomachine blades based upon three-dimensional flow. Experience shows that iterative solutions considering three-dimensional flow obtained by the successive calculation of the Sj and S2 surface flows are rapid and practical. The major results of a number of typical applications are included in the paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The work in the fields of psychotherapy, the psychological causes and traits in neurosis, the psychopathological traits in psychosis, the psychology problems in acupuncture anaesthesia, and the psychological diagnosis in children with mental deficiency is reviewed.
Abstract: This paper summarizes briefly the development of clinical psychology in the past thirty years. The work in the fields of psychotherapy, the psychological causes and traits in neurosis, the psychopathological traits in psychosis, the psychological problems in acupuncture anaesthesia, and the psychological diagnosis in children with mental deficiency is reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental psychology already has a long history. It was founded in the middle of the last century and, by using the methodology of natural science to study psychological problems, it has played an important role in helping psychology become an independent discipline.
Abstract: Experimental psychology already has a long history. It was founded in the middle of the last century and, by using the methodology of natural science to study psychological problems, it has played an important role in helping psychology become an independent discipline. It was toward the last years of the Qing dynasty that psychology was introduced to China. The earliest psychological laboratory was set up in the Department of Philosophy of Beijing University in 1917. In old China prior to the liberation, seven to eight universities had already set up departments of psychology. Aside from teaching courses in general psychology, they also offered courses in experimental psychology. In addition, psychological laboratories were founded. However, not much actual research work was done on experimental psychology. At that time some studies were made in connection with psychological processes of learning and remembering.1

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that even if only the decays of charmed mesons into two body final states are concerned, the Δnt=0 rule is still not equivalent to sextet dominance.
Abstract: We show that even if only the decays of charmed mesons into two body final states are concerned, the Δnt=0 rule is stillnot equivalent to sextet dominance. We also isolate the significant contribution of each quark diagram to non-leptonic decays of charmed particles. Thereby pointing out that the recent SLAC observation of Λc+→K−Δ++ has already given evidence that theW-exchange diagram may be important in charmed baryon decays.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a historical survey of G.D. Birkhoff's seventh problem, which is an inquiry about the topological structure of the set of definition of the reduced differential equations of motion.
Abstract: The present article gives a historical survery of G.D. Birkhoff's seventh problem which is an inquiry about the topological structure of the set of definition of the reduced differential equations of motion. Recent advances in the problem and their meaning have been briefly indicated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of the interface between amorphous and crystalline-semiconductor (ACS) Ge and Si are discussed based on the ABB type of excitonic superconductivity.
Abstract: The characteristics of the interface between the amorphous- and the crystalline-semiconductor (ACS) Ge and Si are discussed based on the ABB type of excitonic superconductivity. When the size of the crystalline particles in amorphous Ge or Si is about 20–50 A and the distances between the particles are in the same range of 20–50 A, according to our analysis, an ABB type of excitonic superconductivity could be realized. Present report will also give a brief discussion on the magnetic anomally of CuCl based on the ACS-model.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, two experimental methods to determine the transverse shear moduli of laminated composites which may be regarded as orthotropic are presented, based on a tensile shear test of 45° off-axis laminates widely used in material testing laboratories.
Abstract: This paper mainly presents two experimental methods to determine the shear moduli of laminated composites which may be regarded as orthotropic. 1 A new method to determine the in-plane shear modulus, G12, of a laminated specimen, called the “pure bending shear test of 45° off-axis laminates ”is reported. Result of this test is in agreement with the modulus, determined by tensile shear test of 45° off-axis laminates widely used in material testing laboratories. 2 Because of the very low values of the transverse shear moduli, G13 and G23 of laminated composite plates, their contribution to ttan-sverse deflections can not be neglected under many circumstances. A “simplified five-point loading test ”method is developed to determine in the same test not only the transverse shear modulus G13 (or G23), but also the value of fexural rigidity, E11I (or E22I). Results of this paper show that the magnitude of transverse shear moduli G13and G23 may be one order of magnitude lower than G12 and two orders lower than Young's modulus E.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites with 0° ply and ±45° ply specimens (unnotched, with single edge notch and with double edge notches normal to the load direction) was carried out under tensile testing.
Abstract: A study of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites with 0° ply and ±45° ply specimens (unnotched, with single edge notch and with double edge notches normal to the load direction) was carried out under tensile testing. Results were compared with each other. Acoustic emission and high speed photography were used to observe and record the process of failure. The fracture surface was examined by scanning electron microscope. Results of experiment show that when notched specimens are axially loaded in tension, crack does not propagate along the length of notch but is in the fiber direction. This demonstrates the notch insensitivity of fiber reinforced composites. The ultimate strength of the single edge notched specimens is about the same as that of the specimens without notch (based on net cross sectional area). The notch has no substantially effect on the stresses at the unnotched portion. The failure mode is discussed. Failure mechanism of fiber reinforced composite material is distinct from that of isotropic materials. A salient feature of fiber composite is that it can be made to have a high resistance to crack propagation when it is subjected to a tensile stress along the fiber direction. Fiber and matrix act jointly to form a barrier to creak growth. Plastic flow of matrix increases the work required during fracture, as well as the strain energy of the fiber in the plastic zone before the fiber fracture. Thus, notches in fiber composites, do not cause a sudden danger of fracture as in the case of metals. Fracture failure process in fiber composites is a rather gradual one. In order to ensure the reliability of composite materials and according to optimal design, failure mechanism of fiber composite needs to be investigated. So far some studies have been carried out (1) - (6) . In this paper, through analysis of a series of experimental results, the failure behaviour of carbon/epoxy composite materials of 0° and ±45° ply with notch specimens is investigated. The elastic moduli and strengths under tension and shear are determented. Failure mode and notoh insensitivily are discussed.