Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

About: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 16037 authors who have published 15098 publications receiving 423452 citations. The organization is also known as: China CDC & CCDC.

Comparison of patients hospitalized with influenza A subtypes H7N9, H5N1, and 2009 pandemic H1N1.

Abstract: Background Influenza A(H7N9) viruses isolated from humans show features suggesting partial adaptation to mammals To provide insights into the pathogenesis of H7N9 virus infection, we compared risk factors, clinical presentation, and progression of patients hospitalized with H7N9, H5N1, and 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus infections Methods We compared individual-level data from patients hospitalized with infection by H7N9 (n=123), H5N1 (n = 119; 43 China, 76 Vietnam), and pH1N1 (n = 3486) viruses We assessed risk factors for hospitalization after adjustment for age- and sex-specific prevalence of risk factors in the general Chinese population Results The median age of patients with H7N9 virus infection was older than other patient groups (63 years; P< 001) and a higher proportion was male (71%; P< 02) After adjustment for age and sex, chronic heart disease was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization with H7N9 (relative risk, 968; 95% confidence interval, 524–179) H7N9 patients had similar patterns of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated alanine aminotransferase, creatinine kinase, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase to those seen in H5N1 patients, which were all significantly different from pH1N1 patients (P<005) H7N9 patients had a longer duration of hospitalization than either H5N1 or pH1N1 patients (P< 001), and the median time from onset to death was 18 days for H7N9 (P= 002) vs 11 days for H5N1 and 15 days for pH1N1 (P= 154) Conclusions The identification of known risk factors for severe seasonal infl uenza and the more protracted clinical course compared with that of H5N1 suggests that host factors are an important contributor to H7N9 severity

China in the period of transition from scarcity and extensive undernutrition to emerging nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, 1949–1992

Abstract: This study uses unique official data to document nutritional changes in the 1949-1992 period In 1949, widespread famine, high mortality and low life expectancy dominated Economic progress was uneven; however, the longer term food supply changed greatly, and hunger was conquered Diet composition shifted greatly over this period Cereal consumption, already high, increased from 5412 g d(-1) (700% coarse grains) in 1952 to 6459 g d(-1) (159% coarse grains) in 1992 Consumption of animal-source foods, half of which were pork and pork products, tripled from 300 to 1030 g d(-1) The proportion of energy intake from fat tripled from 76% to 225%, and that from carbohydrates decreased from 830% to 658% over the same period Physical activity was high in all domains, but shifts were beginning to occur (eg the initial mechanization of work and the expansion of biking) Nutritional improvement was uneven, including increased undernutrition in the 1959-1962 period and a remarkable rebound and continued improvement thereafter Overweight emerged only after 1982 Shifts in diet, activity and body composition in 1949-1992 set the stage for major shifts in nutrition in the subsequent decades

The nutritional status and dietary pattern of Chinese adolescents, 1991 and 1993

Abstract: Objective: To increase understanding about current dietary patterns and short-term relationships between economic change and adolescent nutrition in a lower-income country, using the 1991 and 1993 China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eight provinces in China that vary substantially in geography, economic development, public resources, and health indicators. Subjects: 2236 and 2018 adolescents aged 10–18 years who completed three 24-hour recalls in the 1991 and 1993 survey, respectively. Results: Chinese adolescents experienced an improvement of diet and nutritional status. The prevalence of stunting declined from 23% in 1991 to 19% in 1993. Under-nutrition was a problem of concern although the prevalence (12–13%) was relatively low. Overweight was emerging as a problem associated with young, high-income and urban adolescents, but the prevalence (4%) was quite low compared with developed countries. Chinese adolescents’ energy and protein intakes were adequate compared with the American RDA. About 27% of the participants derived more than 30% of their dietary energy from fat and 16% of them derived over 10% of energy from saturated fat by 1993. Conclusion: Chinese adolescents have experienced an improvement in diet and nutritional status, but under-nutrition is still an important nutrition problem, especially among young and poor groups. More attention should focus on the increase of dietary fat intake and obesity. Source of support: Funding comes from the National Institutes of Health (R01 HD30880), the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, and the National Science Foundation (grant #37486).

Monitoring food and non-alcoholic beverage promotions to children.

Abstract: Summary Food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing is recognized as an important factor influencing food choices related to non-communicable diseases. The monitoring of populations’ exposure to food and nonalcoholic beverage promotions, and the content of these promotions, is necessary to generate evidence to understand the extent of the problem, and to determine appropriate and effective policy responses. A review of studies measuring the nature and extent of exposure to food promotions was conducted to identify approaches to monitoring food promotions via dominant media platforms. A step-wise approach, comprising ‘minimal’, ‘expanded’ and ‘optimal’ monitoring activities, was designed. This approach can be used to assess the frequency and level of exposure of population groups (especially children) to food promotions, the persuasive power of techniques used in promotional communications (power of promotions) and the nutritional composition of promoted food products. Detailed procedures for data sampling, data collection and data analysis for a range of media types are presented, as well as quantifiable measurement indicators for assessing exposure to and power of food and non-alcoholic beverage promotions. The proposed framework supports the development of a consistent system for monitoring food and non-alcoholic beverage promotions for comparison between countries and over time.