Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

About: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 16037 authors who have published 15098 publications receiving 423452 citations. The organization is also known as: China CDC & CCDC.

A Brief HIV Stigma Reduction Intervention for Service Providers in China

Abstract: This study assessed the effect of a brief intervention aimed at reducing HIV-related stigma among service providers in China. From December 2005 to June 2006, 138 service providers from four county hospitals in the Yunnan province of China were randomly assigned into either an intervention or a control condition. HIV stigma reduction concepts were conveyed through participatory small group activities, including role-plays, games, group discussions, and testimony by an HIV advocate. Participants were assessed at baseline before the intervention, and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression mixed-effects model. Service providers in the brief intervention condition were significantly more likely to report better protection of patients' confidentiality and right to HIV testing, lower levels of negative feelings toward people living with HIV/AIDS, and more accurate understanding and practice of universal precautions. This brief intervention pilot showed potential in reducing HIV stigma and discrimination among service providers in China. Further intervention trials are needed to test the efficacy and long-term outcomes of this intervention.

Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in rural China.

Abstract: Objective To assess the levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a sample of HIV-infected patients from rural areas in China and to determine the factors associated with suboptimal adherence. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV-infected adults receiving free antiretroviral therapy (ART) in two project sites of China's Comprehensive AIDS Response program (China CARES). Methods Data on socio-demographic characteristics, ART regimens, HIV/AIDS knowledge, side effects, reasons for missing doses, substance abuse, self-efficacy, doctor-patient relations and health services information was collected through face-to-face interview. The adherence rate was calculated as the number of doses taken divided by the number prescribed over the past three days. Results A total of 181 patients participated in the study and 81.8% of them reported > or = 95% adherence on the previous three days. The most frequently reported reasons for missing doses were forgetfulness, being busy and antiretroviral drug side effects. In the multivariate analysis, patients' knowledge about side effects [odds ratio (OR) = 8.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.63-24.81], belief towards ART (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.24-8.26), having developed reminder tools of taking medication (OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.36-8.96) and patient' trust and confidence in his/her doctor (OR = 7.79, 95% CI: 1.26-48.95) were independently associated with adherence. Conclusion Regular ART adherence education and counseling, improved training on medication self-management skills, improved adherence monitoring and health care services should be priority strategies for improving adherence to ART among HIV/AIDS patients who receive free ART in rural China.

The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.

Abstract: __Background:__ Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. __Methods:__ Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. __Results:__ Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. __Conclusions:__ There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries.

Climate-driven variation in mosquito density predicts the spatiotemporal dynamics of dengue

Abstract: Dengue is a climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease with increasing geographic extent and human incidence. Although the climate-epidemic association and outbreak risks have been assessed using both statistical and mathematical models, local mosquito population dynamics have not been incorporated in a unified predictive framework. Here, we use mosquito surveillance data from 2005 to 2015 in China to integrate a generalized additive model of mosquito dynamics with a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) compartmental model of viral transmission to establish a predictive model linking climate and seasonal dengue risk. The findings illustrate that spatiotemporal dynamics of dengue are predictable from the local vector dynamics, which in turn, can be predicted by climate conditions. On the basis of the similar epidemiology and transmission cycles, we believe that this integrated approach and the finer mosquito surveillance data provide a framework that can be extended to predict outbreak risk of other mosquito-borne diseases as well as project dengue risk maps for future climate scenarios.

Frailty index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study.

Abstract: Summary Background The fraily index is a useful proxy measure of accelerated biological ageing and in estimating all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older individuals in European and US populations. However, the predictive value of the frailty index in other populations outside of Europe and the USA and in adults younger than 50 years is unknown. We aimed to examine the association between the frailty index and mortality in a population of Chinese adults. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank. We included adults aged 30–79 years from ten areas (five urban areas and five rural areas) of China who had no missing values for the items that made up the frailty index. We did not exclude participants on the basis of baseline morbidity status. We calculated the follow-up person-years from the baseline date to either the date of death, loss to follow-up, or Dec 31, 2017, whichever came first, through linkage with the registries of China's Disease Surveillance Points system and local residential records. Active follow-up visits to local communities were done annually for participants who were not linked to any established registries. Causes of death from official death certificates were supplemented, if necessary, by reviewing medical records or doing standard verbal autopsy procedures. The frailty index was calculated using 28 baseline variables, all of which were health status deficits measured by use of questionnaires and physical examination. We defined three categories of frailty status: robust (frailty index ≤0·10), prefrail (frailty index >0·10 to Findings 512 723 participants, recruited between June 25, 2004, and July 15, 2008, were followed up for a median of 10·8 years (IQR 10·2–13·1; total follow-up 5 551 974 person-years). 291 954 (56·9%) people were categorised as robust, 205 075 (40·0%) people were categorised as prefrail, and 15 694 (3·1%) people were categorised as frail. Women aged between 45 years and 79 years had a higher mean frailty index and a higher prevalence of frailty than did men. During follow-up, 49 371 deaths were recorded. After adjustment for established and potential risk factors for death, each 0·1 increment in the frailty index was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1·68, 95% CI 1·66–1·71). Such associations were stronger among younger adults than among older adults (pinteraction Interpretation The frailty index is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality independent of chronological age in younger and older Chinese adults. The identification of younger adults with accelerated ageing by use of surrogate measures could be useful for the prevention of premature death and the extension of healthy active life expectancy. Funding The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key R&D Program of China, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, and the Wellcome Trust.