Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

About: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 16037 authors who have published 15098 publications receiving 423452 citations. The organization is also known as: China CDC & CCDC.

Estimating the number of people at risk for and living with HIV in China in 2005: methods and results

Abstract: Background: No new estimates of HIV infection have been available for China since 2003. However, since then, data availability has increased dramatically. Objectives: To use internationally recommended methods to make new estimates of the number of people exposed to HIV in China, the number living with HIV, and the number of new HIV infections and deaths in 2005. Methods: The UNAIDS Workbook method was adapted to meet the needs of China. Local data were used to estimate the size of each risk population and HIV prevalence by risk group for every prefecture. These estimates were combined into provincial and national estimates. The UNAIDS Estimates and Projections Package and Spectrum were used to derive estimates of incidence and mortality from prevalence data, taking into account treatment. Results: It was estimated that 650 000 people are living with HIV/AIDS in China (range 540 000–760 000), of whom 70 000 were newly infected in 2005 (range 60 000–80 000). Between 20 000 and 30 000 people are estimated to have died of HIV in 2005. The new estimate compares with an estimate of 840 000 people living with HIV/AIDS in 2003 (range 650 000–1 020 000). The estimated number of infected former plasma donors fell from 199 000 to 55 000. Infections remain concentrated among drug injectors, those buying and selling sex, and men who have sex with men. Conclusion: The new estimates are based on a much wider range of surveillance data as well as mass screening of former plasma donors, and are made at the prefecture level. More limited data from high prevalence provincial surveillance sites led to past estimates that now seem too high. New infections outpace death, and the HIV epidemic in China is still growing.

Functional significance of sequence variation in the e2 gene and the long control region of human papillomavirus type 16

Abstract: The long control region (LCR) and the E2 protein of human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the most important viral factors regulating transcription of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7. Sequence variation within these genomic regions may have an impact on the oncogenic potential of the virus. Sequence variation in the LCR and in the E2 gene of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) isolates originating from cervical cancer patients from East Hungary was studied. In 30 samples, sequencing and/or single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed variants belonging to the European variant lineage of HPV-16. These variants differed from the reference European clone only slightly in their E2 and LCR sequences. Three samples represented variants belonging to the Asian-American group. These differed from the published reference sequence at several positions in the LCR and E2 regions. Compared to the reference clone, the LCR clones of the European isolates showed very similar transcriptional activities, while that of an Asian-American isolate had approximately 1.7-fold increased activity. Most of the increased activity of the Asian-American isolate could be ascribed to nucleotide changes found at the 3' end of the LCR (nt 7660-7890). The transcriptional transactivation potentials of the HPV-16 E2 isolates differed only slightly from each other, and the differences seemed to be independent of the taxonomic position of the isolates.

HIV and STIs in clients and female sex workers in mining regions of Gejiu City, China.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) and clients in a mining region of China. Goal: To estimate HIV/STI prevalence and to identify HIV risk factors among FSWs and miner clients. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 96 FSWs and 339 miner clients. Results: In FSWs, prevalence of HIV was 8.3%, herpes simplex virus-2 70.8%, syphilis 12.5%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 36.8%, Chlamydia trachomatis 46.3%, Trichomonas vaginalis 22.1%, and 90.6% were infected with any STI. Illegal drug use was associated with HIV [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 45.1, 95% confidence interval, 6.4‐317.9] in FSWs, and 45.8% reported no condom use with the last client. In miner clients, HIV prevalence was 1.8%, herpes simplex virus-2 14.9%, syphilis 2.4%, N. gonorrhoeae 2.1%, C. trachomatis 6.5%, and 23.2% were infected with any STI. Never using condoms with FSWs and regular partners were reported in 61.2% and 84.1%, respectively. Independent risk factors for HIV in miner clients were illegal drug use (OR 190.2), symptoms of urethral discharge or frequent urination (OR 32.9), early sexual debut (OR 7.1), and visiting 4 or more FSWs in the last 12 months (OR 11.5). Conclusions: HIV/STI prevalence is high among FSWs and moderate among clients in mining regions of Gejiu City. Drug use is the most important factor placing FSWs and miner clients at risk for HIV in Gejiu City; risky sexual characteristics such as early sexual debut, frequent visits to FSWs, and STI symptoms are also important factors for miner clients. FSWs and miner clients may constitute bridging groups for HIV to low-risk populations.

Ambient PM2.5 and Stroke: Effect Modifiers and Population Attributable Risk in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Abstract: Background and Purpose—Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) has been linked to increased stroke. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of long-term exposure. ...