Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

About: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 16037 authors who have published 15098 publications receiving 423452 citations. The organization is also known as: China CDC & CCDC.

Low Vitamin D Status Has an Adverse Influence on Bone Mass, Bone Turnover, and Muscle Strength in Chinese Adolescent Girls

Abstract: Our goal in this cross-sectional study was to investigate the influence of low-vitamin D status on bone mass, bone turnover, and muscle strength in 301 healthy Chinese adolescent girls. Blood plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by RIA and plasma and urine biomarkers of bone turnover were measured. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density and bone area for the whole body and the distal and proximal forearm were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. When vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D concentration of < or =50 nmol/L and severe deficiency as <25 nmol/L, 57.8% of subjects were vitamin D deficient and 31.2% were severely deficient. Multivariate analysis shows that girls with adequate vitamin D status had higher size-adjusted BMC for the whole body (P < 0.001), distal forearm (P < 0.001), and proximal forearm (P < 0.01) than those with poorer vitamin D status after adjusting for body size, handgrip strength, physical activity, and dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D. Similar results were also found for handgrip muscle strength. Participants with adequate vitamin D status had significantly lower concentrations of bone alkaline phosphatase in plasma and deoxypyridinoline:creatinine ratio in urine compared with those of the vitamin D-deficient girls. Adolescent girls with adequate vitamin D status had significantly higher bone mass and muscle strength compared with those with poor vitamin D status. This may be attributed in part to a lower rate of bone remodeling with adequate vitamin D status. These findings suggest that adequate vitamin D status during adolescence is important for optimizing bone mass, which may lead to higher peak bone mass at maturity. Poor vitamin D status also compromises forearm muscle strength.

Selenium Level and Cognitive Function in Rural Elderly Chinese

Abstract: Selenium is a trace element associated with antioxidant activity and is considered to be a protective agent against free radicals through enhanced enzyme activity. Studies on selenium and cognitive function or Alzheimer's disease have yielded inconsistent results. A cross-sectional survey of 2,000 rural Chinese aged 65 years or older from two provinces in the People's Republic of China was conducted from December 2003 to May 2005 by use of the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word List Learning Test, the Indiana University Story Recall Test, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Indiana University Token Test. Over 70% of the study participants have lived in the same village since birth. Nail samples were collected and analyzed for selenium contents. Analysis-of-covariance models were used to estimate the association between quintile selenium levels measured in nail samples and cognitive test scores, with adjustment for other covariates. Lower selenium levels measured in nail samples were significantly associated with lower cognitive scores (p < 0.0087 for all tests) except the Animal Fluency Test (p = 0.4378). A dose-response effect of selenium quintiles was also seen for those significant associations. Results in this geographically stable cohort support the hypothesis that a lifelong low selenium level is associated with lower cognitive function.

Elimination of tropical disease through surveillance and response

Abstract: Surveillance and response represent the final crucial steps in achieving effective control and particularly elimination of communicable diseases as recognized in the area of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), applied in increasing numbers in endemic countries with ongoing control and elimination programmers. More and more national NTD elimination initiatives are scheduled based on the innovative and effective One world-One health perspective to detect pockets of transmission and disease reintroduction. Resource-constrained countries, which carry the heaviest NTD burdens, face various challenges how to strengthen the health system as well as developing effective and novel tools for surveillance and response tailored to local settings. Surveillance-response approaches take place in two different stages corralling the basic components of the surveillance-response system for NTD elimination. Six different research priorities have been identified:1)dynamic mapping of transmission, 2) near real-time capture of population dynamics, 3) modelling based on a minimum essential database/dataset, 4) implementation of mobile health (m-health) and sensitive diagnostics, 5) design of effective response packages tailored to different transmission settings and levels, and 6) validation of approaches and responses packages.

[Malaria situation in the People's Republic of China in 2011].

Abstract: Totally 4 479 malaria cases were reported through the annual reporting system from 782 counties of 27 Provinces/ Municipalities/Autonomous Regions (P/M/A) in 2011, this created a new-low number representing 43.0% reduction compared with 7 855 cases in 2010, and accordingly the annual incidence was reduced to 0.033 4/10 000. However, the number of malaria deaths increased to 33 from 19 in 2010. Among the 782 counties with reported cases, 2 counties of Motuo (16.466 0/10 000) in Tibet and Ruili (12.235 2/ 10000) in Yunnan had an incidence of more than 10/10 000, 10 counties in Yunnan and 1 county in Guizhou had an incidence between 1/10 000 and 10/10 000, and that of the others was below 1/10 000. The malaria areas and transmission got further confined than in 2010. Out of the 4 479 malaria cases, a proportion of 29.3% was reported as the indigenous cases who mainly distributed in the provinces of Anhui (40.0%), Yunnan (25.8%), Henan (12.6%), Guizhou (10.4%) and Hubei (6.1%), a proportion of 66.4% was reported as the abroad-imported cases who mainly distributed in Yunnan (36.5%), Jiangsu (12.0%), Henan (6.2%), Sichuan (5.8%) and Hunan (4.8%), and the remaining 4.3% were domestically-mobile cases. Meanwhile, the confirmed cases took 81.7% while the other 18.3% were clinically diagnosed cases. Among the confirmed cases, 56.7% were Plasmodium vivax cases reported from 25 provinces, 40.2% were P. falciparum cases reported from 22 provinces, 1.1% were mixed infections of P. vivas and P. falciparum reported from 10 provinces, and the remaining 1.9% were P. malariae or P. ovale cases reported from 14 provinces. The 32 indigenous falciparum malaria cases were found only in Yunnan Province. Yunnan was still the major malaria province which ranked No.1 in the country in terms of the case number, 1 522 cases representing 42.4% decrease of the last year with an incidence of 0.331 4/10 000. Among the cases, 301 were falciparum malaria accounting for 20.3% of the national falciparum malaria figure. As previous key malaria province however, Hainan reported only 9 malaria cases indicating 88.5% decrease of the last year with an incidence of 0.010 4/ 10 000, and ranked down to No. 25. In central China, another major malaria region, the case number decreased considerably. However, Anhui still reported 644 malaria cases though with a decrease of 65.5% in comparison to that of 2010, ranked No. 2, accounting for 14.4% of the country's malaria cases with an incidence of 0.100 0/10 000. In Jiangsu, 374 cases were reported and decreased by 3.1% with an incidence of 0.050 8/10 000. In Henan, the number of reported cases was 358 and decreased by 59.9% with an incidence of 0.038 7/10 000. In Hubei, 167 malaria cases were reported and decreased by 61.1% with an incidence of 0.027 7/10 000. Cases reported from other provinces occupied 31.4% of the total. Respectively from Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hunan and Shandong provinces, 100-200 malaria cases were reported; and the number of cases was less than 100 in the provinces of Fujian, Chongqing, Shanghai, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu and Tibet. Although a delightful progress was made with a substantial reduction of malaria transmission, China had to face the following challenges relating to malaria endemic situation: 1) Malaria cases appeared in almost one thousand counties in most provinces and nearly 200 counties reported indigenous cases. In some counties the transmission is still high, and it is still critical for the provinces of Anhui, Yunnan, Henan, Guizhou, Hubei and Tibet to interrupt the local malaria transmission. 2) Imported malaria cases were dominant and widely distributed in the country including the 4 plasmodium species, this could bring about high risks of re-introduction of malaria transmission in areas where malaria was effectively under control, particularly could cause more malaria deaths in the circumstances of increased imported falciparum malaria cases, therefore provinces with more mobile population and imported cases need to pay higher attention. 3) A number of clinically diagnosed but unconfirmed cases still exist in malaria elimination stage which need to be addressed through strengthening local laboratory diagnosis capabilities.