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Showing papers by "Chonbuk National University published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sil-MA bioink created from silk fibroin (SF) for digital light processing (DLP) 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering applications allowed us to build highly complex organ structures with excellent structural stability and reliable biocompatibility.
Abstract: Although three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has gained much attention in the field of tissue engineering, there are still several significant engineering challenges to overcome, including lack of bioink with biocompatibility and printability. Here, we show a bioink created from silk fibroin (SF) for digital light processing (DLP) 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering applications. The SF-based bioink (Sil-MA) was produced by a methacrylation process using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) during the fabrication of SF solution. The mechanical and rheological properties of Sil-MA hydrogel proved to be outstanding in experimental testing and can be modulated by varying the Sil-MA contents. This Sil-MA bioink allowed us to build highly complex organ structures, including the heart, vessel, brain, trachea and ear with excellent structural stability and reliable biocompatibility. Sil-MA bioink is well-suited for use in DLP printing process and could be applied to tissue and organ engineering depending on the specific biological requirements.

497 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan, Armen Tumasyan, Wolfgang Adam1, Federico Ambrogi1  +2238 moreInstitutions (159)
TL;DR: In this paper, the discriminating variables and the algorithms used for heavy-flavour jet identification during the first years of operation of the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are presented.
Abstract: Many measurements and searches for physics beyond the standard model at the LHC rely on the efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom or charm quarks. In this paper, the discriminating variables and the algorithms used for heavy-flavour jet identification during the first years of operation of the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are presented. Heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms have been improved compared to those used previously at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. For jets with transverse momenta in the range expected in simulated events, these new developments result in an efficiency of 68% for the correct identification of a b jet for a probability of 1% of misidentifying a light-flavour jet. The improvement in relative efficiency at this misidentification probability is about 15%, compared to previous CMS algorithms. In addition, for the first time algorithms have been developed to identify jets containing two b hadrons in Lorentz-boosted event topologies, as well as to tag c jets. The large data sample recorded in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV has also allowed the development of new methods to measure the efficiency and misidentification probability of heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms. The b jet identification efficiency is measured with a precision of a few per cent at moderate jet transverse momenta (between 30 and 300 GeV) and about 5% at the highest jet transverse momenta (between 500 and 1000 GeV).

454 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a facile route to fabricate a built-in haze glass-fabric reinforced siloxane hybrid (GFRH) film having high total transmittance and high haze was reported using the scattering effect induced by refractive index contrast between the glass fabric and the hybrimer.
Abstract: Substrates with high transmittance and high haze are desired for increasing the light outcoupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most of the polymer films used as substrate have high transmittance and low haze. Herein, a facile route to fabricate a built-in haze glass-fabric reinforced siloxane hybrid (GFRH) film having high total transmittance (≈89%) and high haze (≈89%) is reported using the scattering effect induced by refractive index contrast between the glass fabric and the siloxane hybrid (hybrimer). The hybrimer exhibiting large refractive index contrast with the glass fabric is synthesized by removing the phenyl substituents. Besides its optical properties, the hazy GFRH films exhibit smooth surface (Rsq = 0.2 nm), low thermal expansion (13 ppm °C−1), high chemical stability, and dimensional stability. Owing to the outstanding properties of the GFRH film, OLED is successfully fabricated onto the film exhibiting 74% external quantum efficiency enhancement. The hazy GFRH's unique optical properties, excellent thermal stability, outstanding dimensional stability, and the ability to perform as a transparent electrode enable them as a wide ranging substrate for the flexible optoelectronic devices.

398 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.
Abstract: Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ≥95th percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.

306 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
16 Nov 2018-Science
TL;DR: A method of synthesizing wafer-scale single-crystalline hBN (SC-hBN) monolayer films by chemical vapor deposition is reported, which allows for the synthesis of wower-scale graphene/hBN heterostructure and single- Crystalline tungsten disulfide.
Abstract: Although polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride (PC-hBN) has been realized, defects and grain boundaries still cause charge scatterings and trap sites, impeding high-performance electronics. Here, we report a method of synthesizing wafer-scale single-crystalline hBN (SC-hBN) monolayer films by chemical vapor deposition. The limited solubility of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) atoms in liquid gold promotes high diffusion of adatoms on the surface of liquid at high temperature to provoke the circular hBN grains. These further evolve into closely packed unimodal grains by means of self-collimation of B and N edges inherited by electrostatic interaction between grains, eventually forming an SC-hBN film on a wafer scale. This SC-hBN film also allows for the synthesis of wafer-scale graphene/hBN heterostructure and single-crystalline tungsten disulfide.

302 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam, Federico Ambrogi  +2240 moreInstitutions (157)
TL;DR: In this article, a measurement of the H→ττ signal strength is performed using events recorded in proton-proton collisions by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV.

250 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Graphene has played the role of game changer for conductive transparent devices indebted to its unique two dimensional (2D) structures and gained an exceptional opportunity to be employed in energy industry as discussed by the authors.

248 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an existing, and pre-trained AlexNet convolutional neural network model is used in extracting features, and a ECOC SVM clasifier is utilized in classification the skin cancer.
Abstract: This paper addresses the demand for an intelligent and rapid classification system of skin cancer using contemporary highly-efficient deep convolutional neural network. In this paper, we mainly focus on the task of classifying the skin cancer using ECOC SVM, and deep convolutional neural network. RGB images of the skin cancers are collected from the Internet. Some collected images have noises such as other organs, and tools. These images are cropped to reduce the noise for better results. In this paper, an existing, and pre-trained AlexNet convolutional neural network model is used in extracting features. A ECOC SVM clasifier is utilized in classification the skin cancer. The results are obtained by executing a proposed algorithm with a total of 3753 images, which include four kinds of skin cancers images. The implementation result shows that maximum values of the average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are 95.1 (squamous cell carcinoma), 98.9 (actinic keratosis), 94.17 (squamous cell carcinoma), respectively. Minimum values of the average in these measures are 91.8 (basal cell carcinoma), 96.9 (Squamous cell carcinoma), and 90.74 (melanoma), respectively.

244 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a facile two-step strategy is developed to design the large-scale synthesis of hierarchical, unique porous architecture of ternary metal hydroxide nanowires grown on porous 3D Ni foam and subsequent effective sulfurization.
Abstract: A facile two-step strategy is developed to design the large-scale synthesis of hierarchical, unique porous architecture of ternary metal hydroxide nanowires grown on porous 3D Ni foam and subsequent effective sulfurization. The hierarchical Zn–Co–S nanowires (NWs) arrays are directly employed as an electrode for supercapacitors application. The as-synthesized Zn–Co–S NWs deliver an ultrahigh areal capacity of 0.9 mA h cm−2 (specific capacity of 366.7 mA h g−1) at a current density of 3 mA cm−2, with an exceptional rate capability (≈227.6 mA h g−1 at a very high current density of 40 mA cm−2) and outstanding cycling stability (≈93.2% of capacity retention after 10 000 cycles). Most significantly, the assembled Zn–Co–S NWs//Fe2O3@reduced graphene oxide asymmetric supercapacitors with a wide operating potential window of ≈1.6 V yield an ultrahigh volumetric capacity of ≈1.98 mA h cm−3 at a current density of 3 mA cm−2, excellent energy density of ≈81.6 W h kg−1 at a power density of ≈559.2 W kg−1, and exceptional cycling performance (≈92.1% of capacity retention after 10 000 cycles). This general strategy provides an alternative to design the other ternary metal sulfides, making it facile, free-standing, binder-free, and cost-effective ternary metal sulfide-based electrodes for large-scale applications in modern electronics.

228 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
14 Aug 2018
TL;DR: This review will cover the fundamental basis of cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of the electrospun fibers in bone tissue scaffolds, and the current development and future perspectives on the use of Electrospun mats inBone tissue engineering.
Abstract: Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field where the principles of engineering are applied on bone-related biochemical reactions. Scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and their interrelation in microenvironment are the major concerns in bone tissue engineering. Among many alternatives, electrospinning is a promising and versatile technique that is used to fabricate polymer fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Copolymerization and polymer blending is a promising strategic way in purpose of getting synergistic and additive effect achieved from either polymer. In this review, we summarize the basic chemistry of bone, principle of electrospinning, and polymers that are used in bone tissue engineering. Particular attention will be given on biomechanical properties and biological activities of these electrospun fibers. This review will cover the fundamental basis of cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of the electrospun fibers in bone tissue scaffolds. In the last section, we offer the current development and future perspectives on the use of electrospun mats in bone tissue engineering.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a scalable ceramic-polymer composites based on three-dimensional interconnected piezoelectric microfoams is proposed. But the authors admit that the 3-D interconnected architecture presents a continuous pathway for load transfer to break the load-transfer scaling law seen in the conventional composites with low-dimensional ceramic fillers.
Abstract: Flexible piezoelectric materials are pivotal to a variety of emerging applications ranging from wearable electronic devices, sensors to biomedical devices. Current ceramic-polymer composites with embedded low-dimensional ceramic fillers, though mechanically flexible, suffer from low piezoelectricity owing to the poor load-transfer efficiency that typically scales with the stiffness ratio of the polymer matrix to the ceramic fillers. Herein we introduce the scalable ceramic-polymer composites based on three-dimensional (3-D) interconnected piezoelectric microfoams. Comprehensive mechanics analyses reveal that the 3-D interconnected architecture presents a continuous pathway for load transfer to break the load-transfer scaling law seen in the conventional composites with low-dimensional ceramic fillers. The 3-D composite exhibits exceptional piezoelectric characteristics under multiple loading conditions (i.e., compression, stretching, and bending) and high mechanical durability under thousands of cycles. The 3-D composite also displays excellent pyroelectricity, thereby enabling concurrent thermal and mechanical energy scavenging. Our findings suggest an innovative material framework for high-performance energy harvesters and self-powered micromechanical devices.

Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam, Federico Ambrogi  +2314 moreInstitutions (196)
TL;DR: A statistical combination of several searches for the electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos is presented in this article, where a targeted analysis requiring three or more charged leptons (electrons or muons) is presented, focusing on the challenging scenario in which the difference in mass between the two least massive neutralino is approximately equal to the mass of the Z boson.
Abstract: A statistical combination of several searches for the electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos is presented. All searches use proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$. In addition to the combination of previous searches, a targeted analysis requiring three or more charged leptons (electrons or muons) is presented, focusing on the challenging scenario in which the difference in mass between the two least massive neutralinos is approximately equal to the mass of the Z boson. The results are interpreted in simplified models of chargino-neutralino or neutralino pair production. For chargino-neutralino production, in the case when the lightest neutralino is massless, the combination yields an observed (expected) limit at the 95% confidence level on the chargino mass of up to 650 (570) GeV, improving upon the individual analysis limits by up to 40 GeV. If the mass difference between the two least massive neutralinos is approximately equal to the mass of the Z boson in the chargino-neutralino model, the targeted search requiring three or more leptons obtains observed and expected exclusion limits of around 225 GeV on the second neutralino mass and 125 GeV on the lightest neutralino mass, improving the observed limit by about 60 GeV in both masses compared to the previous CMS result. In the neutralino pair production model, the combined observed (expected) exclusion limit on the neutralino mass extends up to 650–750 (550–750) GeV, depending on the branching fraction assumed. This extends the observed exclusion achieved in the individual analyses by up to 200 GeV. The combined result additionally excludes some intermediate gaps in the mass coverage of the individual analyses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Nafion/Fe3O4-SGO composite membranes were applied as potential proton exchange membranes in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) operated at high temperature and low humidity.
Abstract: Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles anchored over sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) and Nafion/Fe3O4–SGO composites were fabricated and applied as potential proton exchange membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operated at high temperature and low humidity. Fe3O4 nanoparticles bridge SGO and Nafion through electrostatic interaction/hydrogen bonding and increased the intrinsic thermal and mechanical stabilities of Nafion/Fe3O4–SGO composite membranes. Nafion/Fe3O4–SGO composite membranes increased the compactness of ionic domains and enhanced the water absorption and proton conductivity while restricting hydrogen permeability across the membranes. The proton conductivity of Nafion/Fe3O4–SGO (3 wt%) composite membrane at 120 °C under 20% relative humidity (RH) was 11.62 mS cm−1, which is 4.74 fold higher than that of a pristine recast Nafion membrane. PEMFC containing the Nafion/Fe3O4–SGO composite membrane delivered a peak power density of 258.82 mW cm−2 at a load current density of 640.73 mA cm−2 while operating at 120 °C under 25% RH and ambient pressure. In contrast, under identical operating conditions, a peak power density of only 144.89 mW cm−2 was achieved with the pristine recast Nafion membrane at a load current density of 431.36 mA cm−2. Thus, Nafion/Fe3O4–SGO composite membranes can be used to address various critical problems associated with commercial Nafion membranes in PEMFC applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a low-carbon approach that combines ground granulated blast furnace slag and ordinary Portland cement (PC) with phosphate-sulphate-rich byproducts to produce low-alkalinity, high-compatibility, high strength binary cement (BC) for stabilization/solidification (S/S) process was developed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the influences of inorganic ions and natural organic matter on polystyrene (PS) NPs aggregation in solutions found the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek force was a contributor governing PS Nps aggregation either in the absence or presence of NOM.

Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam, Federico Ambrogi  +2291 moreInstitutions (195)
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for the direct electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in signatures with either two or more leptons (electrons or muons) of the same electric charge, or with three or more hadronically decaying tau-leptons.
Abstract: Results are presented from a search for the direct electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in signatures with either two or more leptons (electrons or muons) of the same electric charge, or with three or more leptons, which can include up to two hadronically decaying tau leptons. The results are based on a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$. The observed event yields are consistent with the expectations based on the standard model. The results are interpreted in simplified models of supersymmetry describing various scenarios for the production and decay of charginos and neutralinos. Depending on the model parameters chosen, mass values between 180 GeV and 1150 GeV are excluded at 95% CL. These results significantly extend the parameter space probed for these particles in searches at the LHC. In addition, results are presented in a form suitable for alternative theoretical interpretations.

Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Robin Erbacher2, Wagner Carvalho3, Maciej Górski  +2272 moreInstitutions (151)
TL;DR: The first observation of electroweak production of same-sign W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions was reported in this article, where the data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 359 fb^(−1) collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC Events are selected by requiring exactly two leptons (electrons or muons) of the same charge, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass.
Abstract: The first observation of electroweak production of same-sign W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions is reported The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 359 fb^(−1) collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC Events are selected by requiring exactly two leptons (electrons or muons) of the same charge, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass The observed significance of the signal is 55 standard deviations, where a significance of 57 standard deviations is expected based on the standard model The ratio of measured event yields to that expected from the standard model at leading order is 090 ± 022 A cross section measurement in a fiducial region is reported Bounds are given on the structure of quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of dimension-8 effective field theory operators and on the production of doubly charged Higgs bosons

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported that Zr(IV)-based MOFs (defective UiO-66, and MOF-808) have extraordinary adsorption ability to remove nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals from water.
Abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals are emerging organic micropollutants in surface water, groundwater, and wastewater, whose removal is very important yet challenging. As a new class of porous functional materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive attention for their adsorption applications. Here, we report that Zr(IV)-based MOFs (defective UiO-66, and MOF-808) have extraordinary adsorption ability to remove nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals from water. Excellent adsorption performances are obtained for UiO-66 and MOF-808, particularly for UiO-66, of which the adsorption capacities are the highest in a wide series of adsorptive materials previously reported. It is elucidated that the incomplete-coordinated cationic Zr in the cluster has high affinity for the anionic pharmaceutical (chemical adsorption) and that the adsorption interaction between the benzene ring of the pharmaceutical and MOF's ligand is involved to enhance or as an alternative to the adsorption interactions (π-π interaction). In particular, adsorption of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, and furosemide by UiO-66 and MOF-808 and the synergetic effect of chemical adsorption and π-π interaction are outstanding, leading to extremely higher binding energies ( Ebind) and sorption abilities.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2018-Small
TL;DR: The rational design of a 3D hierarchical sandwich Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 nanowire architecture is achieved during the hydrothermal sulphurization reaction by the conversion of binary mesoporous metal oxide core to corresponding individual metal sulphides core along with the formation of outer metal sulphide shell at the same time.
Abstract: Supercapacitors suffer from lack of energy density and impulse the energy density limit, so a new class of hybrid electrode materials with promising architectures is strongly desirable. Here, the rational design of a 3D hierarchical sandwich Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 nanowire architecture is achieved during the hydrothermal sulphurization reaction by the conversion of binary mesoporous metal oxide core to corresponding individual metal sulphides core along with the formation of outer metal sulphide shell at the same time. Benefiting from the 3D hierarchical sandwich architecture, Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with high specific capacity/capacitance of 306 mA h g-1 /1938 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 , and excellent cycling stability with a specific capacity retention of 86.9% after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g-1 . Moreover, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor device using Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 as the positive electrode and nitrogen doped graphene as the negative electrode demonstrates high energy density of 64.2 Wh kg-1 at 729.2 W kg-1 , and a promising energy density of 23.5 Wh kg-1 is still attained at a high power density of 11 300 W kg-1 . The hybrid electrode with 3D hierarchical sandwich architecture promotes enhanced energy density with excellent cyclic stability for energy storage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The integration of soil washing by Fe(NO3)3 or EDDS with soil stabilization with sludge-derived biochars or phosphogypsum for accomplishing the reduction of metal mobility and bioaccessibility while restoring the environmental quality of the treated soils is supported.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2018-Small
TL;DR: Finite element analysis method simulations study that the outstanding performance of hNCG devices attributes to not only the piezoelectric synergy of well-controlled BT NWs and within P(VDF-TrFE) matrix, but also the effective stress transferability of piezopolymer.
Abstract: In the past two decades, mechanical energy harvesting technologies have been developed in various ways to support or power small-scale electronics. Nevertheless, the strategy for enhancing current and charge performance of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters using a simple and cost-effective process is still a challenging issue. Herein, a 1D-3D (1-3) fully piezoelectric nanocomposite is developed using perovskite BaTiO3 (BT) nanowire (NW)-employed poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) for a high-performance hybrid nanocomposite generator (hNCG) device. The harvested output of the flexible hNCG reaches up to ≈14 V and ≈4 µA, which is higher than the current levels of even previous piezoceramic film-based flexible energy harvesters. Finite element analysis method simulations study that the outstanding performance of hNCG devices attributes to not only the piezoelectric synergy of well-controlled BT NWs and within P(VDF-TrFE) matrix, but also the effective stress transferability of piezopolymer. As a proof of concept, the flexible hNCG is directly attached to a hand to scavenge energy using a human motion in various biomechanical frequencies for self-powered wearable patch device applications. This research can pave the way for a new approach to high-performance wearable and biocompatible self-sufficient electronics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the methods used for (nano)material deposition onto an electrode surface for efficient biosensor fabrication and discussed the problems faced during biosensor application as well as the present challenges and prospects for superior deposition methods.
Abstract: Biosensor development includes the deposition of (nano)materials onto a conductive electrode surface, which is a crucial step for obtaining improved performance from the constructed biosensors. Various methods have been used to create a successful matrix of (nano)materials that ensures proper contact between the material and electrode surface. The purpose of (nano)material deposition is to provide a high surface area to improve the electroanalytical performance of biosensors by supporting the stable immobilization of enzymes in a more significant quantity as well as enhancing the catalytic or bioaffinity features. For decades, researchers have been using increasingly advanced methods not only for improving sensing performance, but also for improving stability, reproducibility, and mass production. In this review, we summarized the methods used for (nano)material deposition onto an electrode surface for efficient biosensor fabrication. An enhanced and optimized (nano)material deposition method is crucial for the mechanical stability and fabrication reproducibility of electrodes when designing a suitable biosensing device. In addition, we discussed the problems faced during biosensor application as well as the present challenges and prospects for superior deposition methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The experimental results show that the proposed automated vehicle detection and counting system is efficient and effective, and produces higher precision and recall rate than the comparative methods.
Abstract: Vehicle detection and counting in aerial images have become an interesting research focus since the last decade. It is important for a wide range of applications, such as urban planning and traffic management. However, this task is a challenging one due to the small size of the vehicles, their different types and orientations, and similarity in their visual appearance, and some other objects, such as air conditioning units on buildings, trash bins, and road marks. Many methods have been introduced in the literature for solving this problem. These methods are either based on shallow learning or deep learning approaches. However, these methods suffer from relatively low precision and recall rate. This paper introduces an automated vehicle detection and counting system in aerial images. The proposed system utilizes convolution neural network to regress a vehicle spatial density map across the aerial image. It has been evaluated on two publicly available data sets, namely, Munich and Overhead Imagery Research Data Set. The experimental results show that our proposed system is efficient and effective, and produces higher precision and recall rate than the comparative methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2018-Small
TL;DR: Enhanced electron transfer kinetics from nitrogen-doped carbon shell to core Co nanoparticles, the existence of M-N-C active sites, and protective NC shells are responsible for high ORR activity and durability of the Co@NC-MOF electrocatalyst.
Abstract: Herein, a new type of cobalt encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon (Co@NC) nanostructure employing Znx Co1-x (C3 H4 N2 ) metal-organic framework (MOF) as precursor is developed, by a simple, ecofriendly, solvent-free approach that utilizes a mechanochemical coordination self-assembly strategy. Possible evolution of Znx Co1-x (C3 H4 N2 ) MOF structures and their conversion to Co@NC nanostructures is established from an X-ray diffraction technique and transmission electron microscopy analysis, which reveal that MOF-derived Co@NC core-shell nanostructures are well ordered and highly crystalline in nature. Co@NC-MOF core-shell nanostructures show excellent catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with onset potential of 0.97 V and half-wave potential of 0.88 V versus relative hydrogen electrode in alkaline electrolyte, and excellent durability with zero degradation after 5000 potential cycles; whereas under similar experimental conditions, the commonly utilized Pt/C electrocatalyst degrades. The Co@NC-MOF electrocatalyst also shows excellent tolerance to methanol, unlike the Pt/C electrocatalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows the presence of ORR active pyridinic-N and graphitic-N species, along with CoNx Cy and CoNx ORR active (M-N-C) sites. Enhanced electron transfer kinetics from nitrogen-doped carbon shell to core Co nanoparticles, the existence of M-N-C active sites, and protective NC shells are responsible for high ORR activity and durability of the Co@NC-MOF electrocatalyst.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current progress in the production of boron nitride nanotube is discussed, focusing on the most common and effective methods that have been well established so far, and various applications of BNNT including polymer composite reinforcement, thermal management packages, piezo actuators, and neutron shielding nanomaterial are presented.
Abstract: Boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) has similar tubular nanostructure as carbon nanotube (CNT) in which boron and nitrogen atoms arranged in a hexagonal network. Owing to the unique atomic structure, BNNT has numerous excellent intrinsic properties such as superior mechanical strength , high thermal conductivity, electrically insulating behavior, piezoelectric property, neutron shielding capability, and oxidation resistance. Since BNNT was first synthesized in 1995, developing efficient BNNT production route has been a significant issue due to low yield and poor quality in comparison with CNT, thus limiting its practical uses. However, many great successes in BNNT synthesis have been achieved in recent years, enabling access to this material and paving the way for the development of promising applications. In this article, we discussed current progress in the production of boron nitride nanotube, focusing on the most common and effective methods that have been well established so far. In addition, we presented various applications of BNNT including polymer composite reinforcement, thermal management packages, piezo actuators, and neutron shielding nanomaterial.

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Feb 2018-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Results suggested that 4B15 and 4M13 showed the highest probiotic potential and have an impact on immune health by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Abstract: A total of 22 Lactobacillus strains, which were isolated from infant feces were evaluated for their probiotic potential along with resistance to low pH and bile salts. Eight isolates (L. reuteri 3M02 and 3M03, L. gasseri 4M13, 4R22, 5R01, 5R02, and 5R13, and L. rhamnosus 4B15) with high tolerance to acid and bile salts, and ability to adhere to the intestine were screened from 22 strains. Further, functional properties of 8 Lactobacillus strains, such as anti-oxidation, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-inflammation were evaluated. The properties were strain-specific. Particularly, two strains of L. rhamnosus, 4B15 (4B15) and L. gasseri 4M13 (4M13) showed considerably higher anti-oxidation, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, and cholesterol-lowering, and greater inhibition of nitric oxide production than other strains. Moreover, the two selected strains substantially inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 stimulated the treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with LPS. In addition, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 4B15 and 4M13 indicated them as novel genomic strains. These results suggested that 4B15 and 4M13 showed the highest probiotic potential and have an impact on immune health by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: None of the 60 donors who underwent PLDH had intraoperative complications and none required transfusions, reoperation, or conversion to open hepatectomy, and PLDH, including PLDRH, is feasible when performed by a highly experienced surgeon and transplant team.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a low-cost, efficient, porous catalytic material produced from chicken manure by pyrolysis was used for converting waste cooking oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), via transesterification.