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Showing papers by "Christ University published in 2011"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a single crystal of tin sulfide (SnS) was grown by the physical vapor deposition technique and the grown crystals were characterized to evaluate the composition, structure, morphology, electrical and optical properties using appropriate techniques.
Abstract: Tin sulfide (SnS) is a material of interest for use as an absorber in low cost solar cells. Single crystals of SnS were grown by the physical vapor deposition technique. The grown crystals were characterized to evaluate the composition, structure, morphology, electrical and optical properties using appropriate techniques. The composition analysis indicated that the crystals were nearly stoichiometric with Sn-to-S atomic percent ratio of 1.02. Study of their morphology revealed the layered type growth mechanism with low surface roughness. The grown crystals had orthorhombic structure with (0 4 0) orientation. They exhibited an indirect optical band gap of 1.06 eV and direct band gap of 1.21 eV with high absorption coefficient (up to 10(3) cm(-1)) above the fundamental absorption edge. The grown crystals were of p-type with an electrical resistivity of 120 Omega cm and carrier concentration 1.52 x 10(15) cm(-3). Analysis of optical absorption and diffuse reflectance spectra showed the presence of a wide absorption band in the wavelength range 300-1200 nm, which closely matches with a significant part of solar radiation spectrum. The obtained results were discussed to assess the suitability of the SnS crystal for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A critical evaluation and assessment of morphometric parameters and prioritization of micro-watersheds based on water holding capacity of Peruvanthanam subwatershed have been achieved through measurement of linear, aerial and relief aspects of basins by using remote sensing and GIS techniques, and it necessitates preparation of a detailed drainage map as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Morphometric analysis is important in any hydrological investigation and it is inevitable in development and management of drainage basin. A critical evaluation and assessment of morphometric parameters and prioritization of micro-watersheds based on water holding capacity of Peruvanthanam sub-watershed have been achieved through measurement of linear, aerial and relief aspects of basins by using remote sensing and GIS techniques, and it necessitates preparation of a detailed drainage map. For prioritization, 9 micro-watersheds are delineated and parameters such as Rb, Dd, Fs,T, Lof and C are calculated separately and prioritization has been done by using the Raster calculator option of Spatial analyst. The analysis reveals that the stream order varies from 1 to 6 and the total number of stream segments of all orders counted as 347, out of which the maximum area (69.16%) is covered by 1 st order streams and the minimum (0.29%) by 6 th order. Lower values of Rb (linear parameters) in each order, higher values of Bh (0.90), Rh (0.07) and Rn (3.02) (relief parameters), high values of Dd (3.36), Fs (6.15), T (6.82), low values of Lof (0.14) and C (0.30) (aerial parameters) all together reveal that the sub-watershed has a complex structure, mountainous relief, high runoff and low infiltration. The maximum area is covered by high to medium prioritized zones (19.07km 2 ) followed by low to very low (17.75km 2 ) while a very high to high zone is only 4.72km 2 .

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lu et al. as mentioned in this paper constructed sixteen orthogonal measurement basis on the six photon cluster state, which will lock an arbitrary two qubit state among two parties, and showed that one can send five classical bits by sending only three qubits using this state as a shared entangled resource.
Abstract: The usefulness of the recent experimentally realized six photon cluster state by C. Y. Lu et al. (Nature 3:91, 2007) is investigated for quantum communication protocols like quantum teleportation and quantum information splitting (QIS) and dense coding. We show that the present state can be used for the teleportation of an arbitrary two qubit state deterministically. Later, we devise two distinct protocols for the QIS of an arbitrary two qubit state among two parties. We construct sixteen orthogonal measurement basis on the cluster state, which will lock an arbitrary two qubit state among two parties. The capability of the state for dense coding is investigated and it is shown that one can send five classical bits by sending only three qubits using this state as a shared entangled resource. We finally show that this state can also be utilised in the remote state preparation of an arbitrary two qubit state.

49 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the causal nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in SAARC countries was investigated, where Johansen's cointegration test was employed to examine the long-run relationship between FDI and economic development.
Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the causal nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in SAARC countries.Design/methodology/approach – Johansen's cointegration test was employed to examine the long‐run relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in SAARC countries. Besides, the vector error correction model (VECM) was employed to examine the causal nexus between foreign direct investment and economic growth in SAARC countries for the years 1970‐2007. Finally, the impulse response function (IRF) has been employed to investigate the time paths of log of foreign direct investment (LFDI) in response to one‐unit shock to the log of gross domestic product (LGDP) and vice versa.Findings – The Johansen cointegration result establishes a long‐run relationship between foreign direct investment and gross domestic product (GDP) for the sample of SAARC nations, namely, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The empirical results of the vector ...

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the strategies used in successful and failed turnarounds and compare them with those of the failed ones and thereby help turnaround managers to increase their success rate and enhance the value of these organisations to society.
Abstract: All organisations are set up with an objective to create value to the society This necessitates organisations to generate revenues to support all its stakeholders However, in the rat race to succeed, most organisations are unable to generate revenues for sustainable operations It is obvious that organisations cannot survive without profits/surpluses and the inability to generate surpluses would lead to industrial sickness Bringing such organisations back to health requires entrepreneurial strategies at two levels, namely, from the negative to the breakeven and from breakeven to the positive Hence, the turnaround management is a doubly entrepreneurial act The objective of this paper is to understand the strategies used in successful turnarounds and compare them with those of the failed ones and thereby help turnaround managers to increase their success rate so as to enhance the value of these organisations to society

33 citations


Posted Content
Srinivasan P1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the price discovery process and volatility spillovers in Indian spot-futures commodity markets through Johansen cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and the bivariate EGARCH model.
Abstract: The present paper examines the price discovery process and volatility spillovers in Indian spot-futures commodity markets through Johansen cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and the bivariate EGARCH model. The study uses four futures and spot indices of the Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX), representing relevant sectors like agriculture (MCXAGRI), energy (MCXENERGY), metal (MCXMETAL), and the composite index of metals, energy and agrocommodities (MCXCOMDEX). Johansen cointegration test confirms the presence of long-term equilibrium relationships between the futures price and its underlying spot price of the commodity markets.The VECM shows that commodity spot markets of MCXCOMDEX, MCXAGRI, MCXENERGY and MCXMETAL play a dominant role and serve as effective price discovery vehicle, implying that there is a flow of information from spot to futures commodity markets. Besides, the bivariate EGARCH model indicates that although bidirectional volatility spillover persists, the volatility spillovers from spot to the futures market are dominant in case of all MCX commodity markets.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In another dimension, many studies have proved the connection between loyal employees and business success as mentioned in this paper, which is difficult for companies to gauge how much effort they should put into promoting loyalty given the mobility of workers today.
Abstract: It is difficult for companies to gauge how much effort they should put into promoting loyalty, given the mobility of workers today. In another dimension, many studies have proved the connection between loyal employees and business success. This study attempts to throw some light on both employee loyalty to organizations and vice versa. The pertinent case analyses perceptions among various employees with respect to loyalty towards Polyhydron Pvt. Ltd, Belgaum, India. An interview schedule containing 40 items was used to collect data from the different strata of employees. Results indicated a significant effect of organizational variables on employee loyalty. The study also builds a case with appropriate variables while exploring various ways to enhance the employer’s loyalty towards the organization and its employees, interlinking perspectives from view point of both employer and employee and highlights its benefits.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic activity of pure aluminophosphate and aluminoposphate modified with different transition metals (V, Fe, Co Ni & Cu) and their catalytic ability in mono/dibenzyl substituted malonates synthesis are explained.

16 citations


Posted Content
P. Srinivasan1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tried to forecast the volatility of the S&P 500 Index returns of United States stock market, using daily data covering a period from January 1, 1996 to January 29, 2010.
Abstract: Volatility forecasting is an important area of research in financial markets and immense effort has been expended in improving volatility models, since better forecasts translate themselves into better pricing of options and better risk management. In this direction, the present paper attempts at modelling and forecasting the volatility (conditional variance) of the S&P 500 Index returns of United States stock market, using daily data covering a period from January 1, 1996 to January 29, 2010. The forecasting models that are considered in this study range from the relative simple GARCH (1,1) model to relatively complex GARCH models, including Exponential GARCH (1,1) and Threshold GARCH (1,1) models. Based on out-of-sample forecasts and a majority of evaluation measures, our result shows that the symmetric GARCH model does perform better in forecasting conditional variance of the S&P 500 Index return rather than the asymmetric GARCH models, despite the presence of leverage effect. Our findings are consistent with the evidence of Gokcan (2000) that relatively parsimonious symmetric GARCH model is superior in forecasting the conditional variance of emerging stock market return series to the asymmetric GARCH model.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different morphologies of indium telluride (In2Te3) including novel spherulites were crystallized using the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method, by varying the difference in the growth and source zone temperature (ΔT) of a dual zone horizontal furnace assembled indigenously as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Different morphologies of indium telluride (In2Te3) including novel spherulites were crystallized using the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method, by varying the difference in the growth and source zone temperature (ΔT) of a dual zone horizontal furnace assembled indigenously. Whiskers and kinked needles of In2Te3were grown at ΔT = 250 K and 300 K respectively, maintaining the growth zone at 500 °C. At high supersaturation (Δ T = 400 K), spherulitic crystals were obtained. The stoichiometric composition of these crystals has been confirmed using energy dispersive analysis by x-rays (EDAX). The structure of β-In2Te3 spherulitic crystals is identified as zinc blende with lattice parameter a = 6.159 A, from x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the radial structure of the grown spherulites. The growth mechanism for the spherulitic crystallization of β-In2Te3 crystals has been discussed based on the theoretical models. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a scintillation spectrometer with an NaI(Tl) detector of dimensions 44.5mm diameter×50mm thickness was employed for the detection and measurement of radiation.

Journal ArticleDOI
Geejo Francis1
TL;DR: Armed Forced Special Powers Act (AFSPA) as discussed by the authors has been criticised for human rights violations in the past few years and there has been a growing cry for the withdrawal of the act such as exposure of the army officials to any acts committed by them being termed as violation of human rights and a legal suit can be initiated.
Abstract: Armed Forced Special Powers Act was drafted in the year 1958 and as the title refers, provides special powers to the armed forces of the Indian union in areas where the central government may notify as disturbed. Presently the act applies to the north-eastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Ssam, Manipur, Eghalaya, Izoram, Agaland and Tripura. At the wake of rising insurgencies in the state of Jammu and Kashmir during the 1980s the act was extended and applied in the state full fledged. The history of the original idea behind this act dates back to the colonial period when the British wanted an effective tool to control acts against the British Raj specially the quit India movement. The same model has been applied in this act to control insurgencies and therefore avoid secession of any state from these disturbed areas. Though the human rights violations are the only highlighted issues regarding the act, there has not been much mention on the flip side to the growing cry for the withdrawal of the act such as exposure of the army officials to any acts committed by them being termed as violation of human rights and a legal suit can be initiated and no army unit will work in a condition where there is no legal protection for its personnel and the worst case scenario being a state of anarchy prevailing in these states where the army refuses to fight. So a balance of convenience for both the people in these areas and also the army personnel should be maintained through a less repressive act. Getting into the details of the act, it provides for any army personnel posted in a disturbed area to:1. "Fire upon or otherwise use force, even to the causing of death, against any person who is acting in contravention of any law" against "assembly of five or more persons" or possession of deadly weapons.2. To arrest without a warrant and with the use of "necessary" force anyone who has committed certain offenses or is suspected of having done so. 3. To enter and search any premise in order to make such arrests.4. No legal consequences will be met by these officers who act under the law.5. For an area to be declared disturbed there must be a deterioration of law and order situation in the area and the governor has the power to request the help of the central government to assist the state in maintaining it. Now the power to determine a disturbed area is also vested with the central government.As a result of increasing pressure by the United Nations and protests carried out by local activists the Prime Minister has acknowledged that there are some 'legitimate grievances' against the act and assured that it will be surely dealt by the government. Upon this a five member committee headed by former justice Jeevan Reddy was constituted with a mandate of making recommendations to amend the provisions of the act to meet the government’s obligation of preserving human rights or repeal the act and bring in a new act with the above mentioned feature which it acknowledged the present act lacked. The committee did come up with the recommendation to repeal the act but without mentioning any substantial benefits for the people. The government till now have not acted on the recommendations and it was also made clear that it had no intention on replacing or diluting Armed Forces Special Powers Act, 1958, the act since an army unit cannot work under circumstances where its prone to legal action. It is also to be noted that the committee recognized that the act has been viewed as a symbol of repression by the union government. In numerous proceedings the courts have said that just because a statute has been abused by the officials under the act and it does not mean that the act should be repealed based only on that and the same applies to AFSPA. But the central government is slowly moving towards handing over the security issues of these states to locally raised forces. But it is uncertain how repressive will be their own security forces against them when it comes to eradicating cancerous insurgencies in the region.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The genetic diversity of protozoa in Surti buffalo rumen was studied by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, 18S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic and Real-time PCR analysis methods.
Abstract: The genetic diversity of protozoa in Surti buffalo rumen was studied by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, 18S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic and Real-time PCR analysis methods. Three animals were fed diet comprised green fodder Napier bajra 21 (Pennisetum purpureum), mature pasture grass (Dicanthium annulatum) and concentrate mixture (20% crude protein, 65% total digestible nutrients). A protozoa-specific primer (P-SSU-342f) and a eukarya-specific primer (Medlin B) were used to amplify a 1,360 bp fragment of DNA encoding protozoal small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA from rumen fluid. A total of 91 clones were examined and identified 14 different 18S RNA sequences based on PCR-RFLP pattern. These 14 phylotypes were distributed into four genera-based 18S rDNA database sequences and identified as Dasytricha (57 clones), Isotricha (14 clones), Ostracodinium (11 clones) and Polyplastron (9 clones). Phylogenetic analyses were also used to infer the makeup of protozoa communities in the rumen of Surti buffalo. Out of 14 sequences, 8 sequences (69 clones) clustered with the Dasytricha ruminantium-like clone and 4 sequences (13 clones) were also phylogenetically placed with the Isotricha prostoma-like clone. Moreover, 2 phylotypes (9 clones) were related to Polyplastron multivesiculatum-like clone. In addition, the number of 18S rDNA gene copies of Dasytricha ruminantium (0.05% to ciliate protozoa) was higher than Entodinium sp. (2.0 × 10(5) vs. 1.3 × 10(4)) in per ml ruminal fluid.

01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a study by collecting primary data from 389 respondents spread over 38 Information Technology companies in India and found that organizational climate influences to a great extent the performance of the employees because it has a major impact on motivation and job satisfaction.
Abstract: The world has recognized India’s competitive advantage in software services and today India is a magnet for software clients owing to the quality of its skilled software manpower. Organizational climate has been defined as a perception of the psychologically important aspects of the work environment and is recognized as a potential influence on employees’ workplace behavior and job satisfaction (Ashforth, 1985). Climate consists of a set of characteristics that describe an organization, distinguish it from other organizations, are relatively enduring over time and influence the behavior of people in it. Organizational climate influences to a great extent the performance of the employees because it has a major impact on motivation and job satisfaction of individual employees. So the managements of Information Technology companies should strive to create a congenial organizational climate in their organizations for retaining the employees and maintaining high productivity. The study is conducted by collecting primary data from 389 respondents spread over 38 Information Technology companies in India. The study suggests the methods for improving the organizational climate in Information Technology companies.

Journal ArticleDOI
P. Srinivasan1
TL;DR: In this paper, the exponential GARCH model was employed to examine the impact of futures trading on spot market volatility of the twelve underlying shares of pharmaceutical sector of India and the empirical analysis was carried out.
Abstract: Exponential GARCH model was employed to examine the impact of futures trading on spot market volatility of the twelve underlying shares of pharmaceutical sector of India The empirical analysis was

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The characterization of Indian bituminous and sub-bituminous coal was performed by UVVisible-NIR spectroscopy as mentioned in this paper, and chemical leaching with varying concentration of hydrofluoric acid was conducted on both the samples.
Abstract: The characterization of Indian bituminous and subbituminous coal was performed by UVVisible–NIR spectroscopy. Chemical leaching with varying concentration of hydrofluoric acid was conducted on both the samples. Electronic absorption at this region was higher for higher ranked coals. Chemical leaching increased electronic transitions in subbituminous coal with maximum transitions for HF (10%) leached samples. The absorption maximum of benzeneoxygen system was found between 235-270 nm and was showing a red shift with leaching. The characteristic naphthalene ring systems (220 & 280 nm) were masked by the absorption regions of monoaromatic rings; indicating the content of napthalenoid hydrocarbon was very low. The bands observed in the visible region (450nm) were attributed to SO 2 in the sample and was showing a red shift. The weak band at the 680 nm was attributed to the �-�* electronic transitions of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which also showed red shift with leaching . It was found that the ash content is reduced by 87.5% & 76.2% in bituminous and subbituminous coal respectively with HF (30%) leaching.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is described.
Abstract: The synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is described. This compound crystallizes in the space group P21 with unit cell parameters a = 14.207 A, b = 7.752(1) A, c = 19.473(1) A, β = 91.00(3)°, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The ketenedithioacetal functionality present between the carbonyl groups prevents the possibility of keto-enol tautomerization in this compound. The cinnamoyl groups are organized parallel to each other due to the push–pull nature of the ketenedithioacetal functionality. The details regarding the synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound are reported in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the newly identified yttrium based high critical temperature (Tc) superconductor of composition Y3Ba5Cu8Oy (Y358) and the fluorine doped Y3 Ba5Cu 8Oy-0.2F 0.2
Abstract: The newly identified yttrium based high critical temperature (Tc) superconductor of composition Y3Ba5Cu8Oy (Y358) and the fluorine doped Y3Ba5Cu8Oy-0.2F0.2 (Y358+F) compounds were synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The micro structural and morphological features of the synthesized samples were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS) analysis. The XRD of the samples revealed a structure similar to Y1Ba2Cu3Oy-o(Y123) compound with about three fold larger ‘c’ axis. The SEM image of the fluorine doped sample (Y358+F) showed a needle like inter growth which was different from that of pure (Y358) sample. The Tc of the sample, measured by self inductance method showed an onset of superconductivity at 92 K for the pure and 98 K for the fluorine doped sample. On further heating the fluorinated sample for 24 hours, the needle like intergrowth had disappeared as seen from SEM micrograph and the Tc onset of the sample had increased to 110 K with a two step transition.

01 Jul 2011
TL;DR: The authors in this article analyzed the organizational culture in tourism industry and found significant relationships among the culture aspects and significant differences in terms of gender and type of organizations wanting a more traditional or modern aspects of organizational culture.
Abstract: India’s tourism industry is experiencing a strong period of growth, driven by the burgeoning Indian middle class, growth in high spending foreign tourists, and coordinated government campaigns to promote ‘Incredible India’. India’s governmental bodies have also made a significant impact in tourism by requiring that each and every state of India have a corporation to administer support issues related to tourism. Tourism is a diversified and decentralized industry. The commercial imperatives drive tourism change according to the location, as do the environmental, social and cultural impacts of tourism on particular communities. As almost 20 million people are now working in India’s tourism industry, their level of performance, motivation and organizational culture have hardly been measured empirically and well documented. While sporadic references are made, the interrelationship between these correlates hardly exists in the context of tourism sector. The paper analyses empirically the prevalent Organizational culture in tourism industry. The study was carried on different sectors in the tourism industry namely, travel agencies, tour operators, airlines and hotels, consisting of 100 respondents across India. The findings indicate significant relationships among the culture aspects and significant differences in terms of gender and type of organizations wanting a more traditional or modern aspects of organizational culture. Statistical tools like correlation and students t test were used. The implications of the study in tourism industry is discussed in detail and are also included to give ample insight into the need for developing right Organizational Culture in Tourism Industry.

Journal ArticleDOI
Leena James1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the nature of the relationship between CSR and organizational culture and present empirical evidence that suggests that the relationship is mediated by the form of organizational performance that is present.
Abstract: The topics of CSR and Organizational culture have attracted considerable interest from both academics and practitioners. Much of the interest in the two areas is based on explicit and implicit claims that both CSR and culture are linked to organizational performance. However, while the links between CSR and Organizational culture have been examined independently, and that towards the Organizational performance.This paper examines the nature of this relationship and presents empirical evidence which suggests that the relationship between CSR practices and Organizational culture is mediated by the form of organizational performance that is present. The paper concludes with a number of implications for theory and practice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the title compounds (bis(alkenoyl) ketene dithioacetal and aromatic aldehydes) were prepared starting from the cyclic acyl ketene DithIacetal, and were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral studies and X-ray crystal structure analysis.
Abstract: The title compounds (bis(alkenoyl) ketene dithioacetals) were prepared starting from the cyclic acyl ketene dithioacetal and aromatic aldehydes. These compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral studies and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The bis(furyl) ketene dithioacetal crystallized in the space group $$ P{\bar{\text{1}}} $$ with unit cell dimensions a = 7.7626(12) A, b = 9.0217(13) A, c = 26.827(5) A, α = 86.271(14)°, β = 87.643(14)°, γ = 66.286(11)° and the structure was refined to an R-factor of 0.0528 while bis(thienyl) ketene dithioacetal crystallized in the space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions a = 10.2433(9) A, b = 10.4142(6) A, c = 18.0973(18) A, β = 106.0° and the structure was refined to an R-factor of 0.0446. The ketenedithioacetal functionality present between the carbonyl groups prevents the possibility of keto-enol tautomerization in these compounds. In both the crystal structures, the crystal packing is stabilized by C–H···O hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals interactions. The details regarding the synthesis, spectroscopic analysis and crystal structures of the title compounds are reported in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The molecular conformation of the title compound, C15H10ClN3, is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond with an S(7) ring motif.
Abstract: The mol­ecular conformation of the title compound, C15H10ClN3, is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond with an S(7) ring motif. The crystal packing is controlled by N—H⋯N and C—H⋯N inter­molecular inter­actions. One of the methyl­ene groups of the cyclo­hexene ring is disordered over two positions with refined occupancies of 0.457 (12) and 0.543 (12).

Posted ContentDOI
27 Apr 2011-viXra
TL;DR: In this article, a new variation of decomposition called equiparity induced path decomposition of a graph is defined, which is defined to be a decomposition in which all the members are induced paths having same parity.
Abstract: Let P1 and P2 be graphical properties. A Smarandachely (P1, P2)- decomposition of a graph G is a decomposition of G into subgraphs G1,G2, � � � ,Gl ∈ P such that Gi ∈ P1 or Gi 6∈ P2 for integers 1 ≤ i ≤ l. Particularly, if P2 = ∅, i.e., a usual decomposition of a graph, is a collection of its subgraphs whose union equals the edge set of the graph. In this paper we introduce and initiate a study of a new variation of decom- position namely equiparity induced path decomposition of a graph which is defined to be a decomposition in which all the members are induced paths having same parity.

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, price volatility and hedging behavior of four notional commodity futures indices which represent the relevant sectors like Agriculture (AGRI), Energy (ENER), Metal (META) and an aggregate of Agricultural, Energy and Metal commodities (COMDX), retrieved from the commodity futures exchange market, Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), of India.
Abstract: This study investigates price volatility and hedging behavior of four notional commodity futures indices which represent the relevant sectors like Agriculture (AGRI), Energy (ENER), Metal (META) and an aggregate of Agricultural, Energy and Metal commodities (COMDX), retrieved from the commodity futures exchange market, Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), of India. After adjusting for dates and missing observations, due to holidays, a total of 1,563 daily closing prices over the period of June 8, 2005 to August 31, 2010 have been employed to measure the volatility and hedge ratio. A GARCH (1, 1) model was employed to measure the spot return volatility of respective indices. DVECH-GARCH, BEKK-GARCH and CCC-GARCH were utilized to estimate the time varying hedge ratio. Further, we went for an in-sample performance analysis of the hedge ratios estimated from bivariate GARCH models by employing hedged return and variance reduction approaches. The empirical evidence confirms that all the models were able to reduce the exposure to spot market as perfectly as possible in comparison to the unhedged portfolio.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The importance of incorporating auto-chochous breeds into organic milk and meat production systems is emphasized in this article, along with an assessment of opportunites for implementing organic production systems in Serbia.
Abstract: Basic principles that inform organic livestock production are reviewed in this paper, with special emphasis on milk and meat production in cattle and sheep. Research findings to date are presented on the impact of various management practices, both organic and conventional, as they effect product yield and quality. The importance of incorporating autochnochous breeds into organic milk and meat production systems is particularly emphasized. Additionally, a global overview of organic milk and meat production is given, along with an assessment of opportunites for implementing organic production systems in Serbia.

Journal ArticleDOI
Jeevananda S1
TL;DR: Customer satisfaction refers to the extent to which customers are happy with the products and services provided by a business as discussed by the authors, and is defined as "the feeling that the goods and services that they buy have been specially produced for them or for people like them".
Abstract: Satisfying customers is one of the main objectives of every business. Businesses recognize that keeping current customers is more profitable than having to win new ones to replace those lost. Management and marketing theorists underscore the importance of customer satisfaction for a business’s success. Customer satisfaction is the key factor in knowing the success of any retail store or business, therefore it is very important to measure it and to find the factors which affect the customer satisfaction. Customers are most likely to appreciate the goods and services that they buy if they are made to feel special. This occurs when they feel that the goods and services that they buy have been specially produced for them or for people like them. It should be always keep measuring in order to get feedback for the product and service in order to develop it further with wide customization. Customer satisfaction refers to the extent to which customers are happy with the products and services provided by a business. Customer satisfaction levels can be measured using survey techniques and questionnaires. Gaining high levels of customer satisfaction is very important to a business because satisfied customers are most likely to be loyal and to make repeat orders and to use a wide range of services offered by a business. Customer satisfaction is an asset that should be monitored and managed just like any physical asset. This is true for both service-oriented and product-oriented organizations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Molecules of the title compound, C21H16BrNO, are linked through pairs of N—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric R 2 2(10) dimers.
Abstract: Mol­ecules of the title compound, C21H16BrNO, are linked through pairs of N—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric R22(10) dimers. One of the C atoms of the cyclohex-2-enone ring is disordered with refined occupancies of 0.61 (2) and 0.39 (2).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the title compound, C17H12BrNOS, the cyclohexene ring deviates only slightly from planarity (r.m.s. deviation for non-H atoms = 0.047 Å) in the crystal, the molecules are linked into centrosymmetric R 2 2(10) dimers via pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Abstract: In the title compound, C17H12BrNOS, the cyclo­hexene ring deviates only slightly from planarity (r.m.s. deviation for non-H atoms = 0.047 A). In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked into centro­symmetric R22(10) dimers via pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The thio­phene ring is disordered over two positions rotated by 180° and with a site-occupation factor of 0.843 (4) for the major occupied site.

Posted Content
D. N. S. Kumar1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have introduced a financial support to different clusters in the tenth five-year plan to initiate development through participation with stakeholders/stakeholders, where the guiding principle of UNIDO's approach towards small and medium enterprises is that these enterprises can play a key role in triggering and sustaining economic growth and equitable development in developing countries.
Abstract: The guiding principle of UNIDO’s approach towards small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is that these enterprises can play a key role in triggering and sustaining economic growth and equitable development in developing countries. However, inadequate efforts/responses, reliance on traditional practices and age-old methods, particularly in small, medium, and tiny sector have become the major hurdle for development. The Government of India has introduced a financial support to different clusters in the tenth Five Year Plan to initiate development through participation with beneficiaries/stakeholders.The foundry industry is one of the pioneering industrial sectors developed in the country. There are over 6500 foundries in the small, medium and large-scale sectors in India widely spread over the country. There are about 375 foundries located in the State of Karnataka, out of which about 150 are located in Belgaum. As a result, the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Government of India has extended a grant-in-aid of Rs. 18.58 crores (under IIUS) and Government of Karnataka Rs. 2.48 crores for establishment of common facilities and infrastructure facilities in the cluster along with private participation. Belgaum foundry cluster in a span of five years is able to achieve a marked progress of 15 per cent, 10 per cent,60 per cent and 15 per cent in production; employment generation; exports; and revenue generation respectively. It has emerged as one among the top 10 producers of castings in India (one crore = 10 million).

Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Jul 2011
TL;DR: An analytic and self consistent solution for quasi-neutral plasma transport suggests that n 0 /n ∼ r/r 0 plot is a straight line having unit slope as discussed by the authors, and the model is tested with experimental findings.
Abstract: An analytic and self consistent solution for quasi-neutral plasma transport suggests that n 0 /n ∼ r/r 0 plot is a straight line having unit slope. The model is tested with experimental findings. In our experiment a plasma gun similar to the geometry of washer plasma gun has been designed which projects high speed dense plasma blobs. Interestingly, the experimental result shows that both (n e ) 0 /n e ∼ r/r o plot and (n i ) 0 /n i ∼ r/r o plots are straight lines.