Showing papers by "Christ University published in 2012"

Study of Stacking Structure of Amorphous Carbon by X-Ray Diffraction Technique

Abstract: decreases with increase in carbon content, aromaticity and coal rank. The number of layers and average number of carbon atoms per aromatic graphene are found to be varying from 7 to 8 and 16-21 for the coal samples with carbon content of 72- 77.4%. A good linear relationship exists between number of layers and stacking height of the aromatic lamellae in coal.

A compilation of interstellar column densities

Abstract: We have collated absorption line data toward 3008 stars in order to create a unified database of interstellar column densities. These data have been taken from a number of different published sources and include many different species and ionizations. The preliminary results from our analysis show a tight relation [N(H)/E(B - V) = 6.12 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 21}] between N(H) and E(B - V). Similar plots have been obtained with many different species, and their correlations along with the correlation coefficients are presented.

Managing Workplace Diversity

Abstract: Diversity management is a process intended to create and maintain a positive work environment where the similarities and differences of individuals are valued. The literature on diversity management has mostly emphasized on organization culture; its impact on diversity openness; human resource management practices; institutional environments and organizational contexts to diversity-related pressures, expectations, requirements, and incentives; perceived practices and organizational outcomes related to managing employee diversity; and several other issues. The current study examines the potential barriers to workplace diversity and suggests strategies to enhance workplace diversity and inclusiveness. It is based on a survey of 300 IT employees. The study concludes that successfully managing diversity can lead to more committed, better satisfied, better performing employees and potentially better financial performance for an organization.

Tourism and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of tourism on economic growth in Sri Lanka through the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The analysis was carried out ...

Metagenomic analysis of Surti buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen: a preliminary study

Abstract: The complex microbiome of the rumen functions as an effective system for the conversion of plant cell wall biomass to microbial proteins, short chain fatty acids and gases. In this study, metagenomic approaches were used to study the microbial populations and metabolic potential of the microbial community. DNA was extracted from Surti Buffalo rumen samples (four treatments diet) and sequenced separately using a 454 GS FLX Titanium system. We used comparative metagenomics to examine metabolic potential and phylogenetic composition from pyrosequence data generated in four samples, considering phylogenetic composition and metabolic potentials in the rumen may remarkably be different with respect to nutrient utilization. Assignment of metagenomic sequences to SEED categories of the Metagenome Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST) server revealed a genetic profile characteristic of fermentation of carbohydrates in a high roughage diet. The distribution of phylotypes and environmental gene tags (EGTs) detected within each rumen sample were dominated by Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in all the samples. The results of this study could help to determine the role of rumen microbes and their enzymes in plant polysaccharide breakdown is fundamental to understanding digestion and maximising productivity in ruminant animals.

GIS based morphometric evaluation of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Thrissur District, Kerala, India

Abstract: GIS and Remote Sensing have proved to be an indispensible tool in morphometric analysis. The identification of morphometric properties based on a geographic information system (GIS) was carried out in two watersheds in the Thrissur district of Kerala, India. These watersheds are parts of Western Ghats, which is an ecologically sensitive area. Quantitative geomorphometric analysis was carried out for the Chimmini and Mupily watersheds independently by estimating their (a) linear aspects like stream number, stream order, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio, bifurcation ratio, length of overland flow, drainage pattern (b) aerial aspects like circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, drainage density and (c) relief aspects like basin relief, relief ratio, relative relief and ruggedness number. The drainage areas of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds are 140 and 122 km2 respectively and show patterns of dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage. The Chimmini watershed was classified as a sixth order drainage basin, whereas Mupily watershed was classified as a fifth order basin. The stream order of the basin was predominantly controlled by physiographic and structural conditions. The increase in the stream length ratio from lower to higher order suggests that the study area has reached a mature geomorphic stage. The development of stream segments is affected by rainfall and local lithology of the watersheds. The slope of both watersheds varied from 0° to 50° and 0° to 42° respectively and the slope variation is chiefly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. Moreover, these studies are useful for planning rain water harvesting and watershed management.

A Reverse Vaccinology Approach for the Identification of Potential Vaccine Candidates from Leishmania spp

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases with a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from cutaneous ulcers to visceral leishmaniasis, which results from the bite of an infected sandfly to human. Attempts to develop an effective vaccine have been shown to be feasible but no vaccine is in active clinical use. This study adopts a Reverse Vaccinology approach to identify common vaccine candidates from both highly pathogenic species Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum. Total proteome of both species were compared to identify common proteins, which are further taken for sub-cellular localization and transmembrane helices prediction. Plasma membrane proteins having only one transmembrane helix were first identified and analyzed which are non-homologous in human and mouse in order to avoid molecular mimicry with other proteins. Selected proteins were analyzed for their binding efficiency to both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II alleles. As a result, 19 potential epitopes are screened in this study using different approaches, which can be further verified through in vivo experiments in MHC compatible animal models. This study demonstrates that Reverse Vaccinology approach has potential in discovering various immunogenic antigens from in silico analysis of pathogen’s genome or proteome instead of culturing the whole organism by conventional methods.

Isolation and Characterization of Antidermatophytic Bioactive Molecules from Piper longum L. Leaves

Abstract: Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) commonly known as “long pepper” is a well known medicinal plant in ayurveda. Different parts of this plant, such as root, seed, fruit, whole plant etc. are used traditionally in various ailments. Here we have investigated the antidermatophytic activity of sequentially extracted petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts from P. longum leaf against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, Microsporum fulvum and M. gypseum. Better activity of chloroform and methanol extracts was observed. The chloroform extract was selected for further study and the MIC value was recorded as 5.0 mg ml−1 against the test organisms. In the chloroform extract, tannins and phenolic compounds were detected. Further activity-guided fractionation of chloroform extract by silica gel column chromatography yielded nine major fractions. Among these, fraction-1, 4, 5 and 7 showed higher antidermatophytic activity. Fraction-4 on further purification by repeated column chromatography yielded a potential antidermatophytic fraction showing MIC value of 0.625 mg ml−1 against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum as determined by broth microdilution method. The major compounds were identified as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (C24H38O4] (41.45 %), 2,2-dimethoxybutane (C6H14O2] (13.6 %) and β-myrcene (C10H16) (6.75 %) based on GC–MS data.

Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment

Abstract: The integral part of any management process is to manage people at work. A well managed organization sees workers as the main source of quality and productivity. An effective organization tends to promote a sense of commitment and satisfaction in its employees. This paper identifies the relationship between the affective commitment and job satisfaction among the Indian IT employees. For the present study, the data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire from 300 employees working in the IT industry in India with the objective of measuring the affective commitment and job satisfaction of IT employees and to identify the relationship between the affective commitment and different aspects of job satisfaction. The findings indicated a positive relationship between the job satisfaction and affective commitment. Amongst the components of job satisfaction, the highest correlations with affective commitment were related to salary, benefits, fair treatment, opportunity for advancement and supervision. The regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction has a statistically significant impact on affective commitment. The findings of this study points out some salient issues in the IT industry. The detailed findings and implications are discussed in the paper.

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in SAARC Nations: An Econometric Investigation

Abstract: The present study employs fixed effects and random effects models to explore the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in selected South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries for the period 1970-2007. In order to choose an appropriate model among the fixed effects and random effects estimator, the Hausman specification test was conducted and its result supported the random effects model regarding the determinants of FDI. The empirical results reveal that the market size, GDP per capita, trade openness, infrastructure facilities, inflation, degree of risk and uncertainty, and SAARC country formation are the most significant factors in determining FDI in the SAARC countries. Besides, the results show that other variables such as human capital, degree of industrialization, real exchange rate, domestic investment and terms of trade are insignificant, implying that these factors do not play any significant role in attracting FDI in SAARC countries. The findings indicate that the governments of the SAARC countries should adopt incremental efforts to enhance economic growth, enlarge GDP per capita, implement more successful open-door policies, facilitate better infrastructural facilities and provide effective policy framework on macroeconomic stability to successfully attract appropriate FDI in the region.

Low cost calibrated mechanical noisemaker for hearing screening of neonates in resource constrained settings

Abstract: Background & objectives: There is a need to develop an affordable and reliable tool for hearing screening of neonates in resource constrained, medically underserved areas of developing nations. This study valuates a strategy of health worker based screening of neonates using a low cost mechanical calibrated noisemaker followed up with parental monitoring of age appropriate auditory milestones for detecting severe-profound hearing impairment in infants by 6 months of age. Methods: A trained health worker under the supervision of a qualified audiologist screened 425 neonates of whom 20 had confirmed severe-profound hearing impairment. Mechanical calibrated noisemakers of 50, 60, 70 and 80 dB (A) were used to elicit the behavioural responses. The parents of screened neonates were instructed to monitor the normal language and auditory milestones till 6 months of age. This strategy was validated against the reference standard consisting of a battery of tests - namely, auditory brain stem response (ABR), otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and behavioural assessment at 2 years of age. Bayesian prevalence weighted measures of screening were calculated. Results: The sensitivity and specificity was high with least false positive referrals for. 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers. All the noisemakers had 100 per cent negative predictive value. 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers had high positive likelihood ratios of 19 and 34, respectively. The probability differences for pre- and post- test positive was 43 and 58 for 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: In a controlled setting, health workers with primary education can be trained to use a mechanical calibrated noisemaker made of locally available material to reliably screen for severe-profound hearing loss in neonates. The monitoring of auditory responses could be done by informed parents. Multi-centre field trials of this strategy need to be carried out to examine the feasibility of community health care workers using it in resource constrained settings of developing nations to implement an effective national neonatal hearing screening programme.

True and fair financial reporting: a tool for better corporate governance

Abstract: Purpose – Transparency of financial information promotes corporate growth. The purpose of this paper is to concentrate on the need for strengthening the law governing true and fair corporate accounting. The first part of the paper concentrates on nexus between the importance of transparency in accounting embodied under the provisions of the Companies Act in India and in the UK. Second, the paper focuses on the board of director's duty to prevent corporate fraud through proper financial reporting.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology for this study is analytical. Comparative study of the law governing accounting provisions in India and UK is also looked into.Findings – The law governing financial transparancy envisaged under the Companies Act in India makes it obligatory on the part of the companies to disclose the material information relevant to the investors. However, the directors of the company often show an unreal picture of the financial position of the company, so as to retain the existing ...

Study of candidate Be stars in the Magellanic Clouds using NIR photometry and optical spectroscopy

Abstract: Mennickent et al.and Sabogal et al.identified a large number of Classical Be (CBe) candidates in the L&SMC based on their photometric variability using the OGLEII database. They classified these stars into four different groups based on the appearance of their variability. We studied the infrared properties of the sample as well as the spectroscopic properties of a subsample. We cross-correlated the optical sample with the IRSF catalog to obtain the J, H, Ks magnitudes of all the four types of stars in the L&SMC. Spectra of 120 stars belonging to the types 1, 2 and 3 were analysed to study their spectral properties. Among the four types, the type 4 stars is the dominant group. The NIR colour-colour diagrams suggest that the type 4 stars in the LMC have a subclass, which is not found in our Galaxy or in the SMC. The main type 4 sample which is \sim 49% of the total sample has NIR properties similar to the Galactic CBe stars and the SMC type 4 stars. Though the new subclass of type 4 stars have high E(B - V) \sim 0.75, they are not located close to regions with high reddening. The type 3 stars (\sim 6% & 7.3% in the L&SMC) are found to have large H{\alpha} EW in the SMC and some are found to have large NIR excess. This small fraction of stars are unlikely to be CBe stars. The type 2 stars are found in larger fraction in the SMC, when compared to the LMC. The spectroscopic and the NIR properties suggest that these could be CBe stars. The spectroscopic sample of type 1 stars which show H{\alpha} in emission and confirmed as CBe stars are more abundant in the SMC by a factor of 2.6. If the effect of metallicity is to cause more CBe stars in the SMC, when compared to the LMC, then type 1, type 2 and type 4 stars follow this rule, with an enhancement of 2.6, 2.4 and 1.3 respectively.

Study of candidate Be stars in the Magellanic Clouds using near‐infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy

Abstract: Mennickent et al. and Sabogal et al. identified a large number of classical Be (CBe) candidates (∼3500) in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) based on their photometric variability using the OGLE II data base. They classified these stars into four different groups based on the appearance of their variability. In order to refine and understand the nature of this large number of stars, we studied the infrared properties of the sample and the spectroscopic properties of a subsample. We cross-correlated the optical sample with the IRSF-MCPS catalogue to obtain the J, H, Ks magnitudes of all the four types of stars (∼2500) in the LMC and SMC. Spectra of 120 stars belonging to the types 1, 2 and 3 were analysed to study their spectral properties. Among the four types, the type 4 stars are the dominant group, with ∼60 and ∼65 per cent of the total sample in the LMC and SMC, respectively. The near-infrared (NIR) colour–colour diagrams suggest that the type 4 stars in the LMC have a subclass, which is not found in our Galaxy or in the SMC. This subclass is ∼18 per cent of the type 4 sample. The main type 4 sample which is ∼49 per cent of the total sample has NIR properties similar to the Galactic CBe stars and the SMC type 4 stars. Though the new subclass of type 4 stars have high E(B−V) ∼ 0.75, they are not located close to regions with high reddening. The type 3 stars (∼6 per cent and 7.3 per cent in the LMC and SMC) are found to have large Hα equivalent width (EW) in the SMC and some are found to have large NIR excess. This small fraction of stars are unlikely to be CBe stars. Three stars among the type 3 stars in the LMC are found to be double periodic variables. The type 2 stars are found in larger fraction in the SMC (∼14.5 per cent), when compared to the LMC (∼6 per cent). The spectroscopic and the NIR properties suggest that these could be CBe stars. The type 1 stars are relatively more in the LMC (∼24 per cent) when compared to the SMC (∼13 per cent). The SMC type 1 stars have relatively large Hα EW and this class has properties similar to CBe stars. The spectroscopic sample of type 1 stars which show Hα in emission and are confirmed as CBe stars are more abundant in the SMC by a factor of 2.6. If the effect of metallicity is to cause more CBe stars in the SMC, when compared to the LMC, then type 1, type 2 and type 4 stars follow this rule, with an enhancement of 2.6, 2.4 and 1.3, respectively.

Chemical leaching of an Indian bituminous coal and characterization of the products by vibrational spectroscopic techniques

Abstract: High volatile bituminous coal was demineralized by a chemical method. The vibrations of the “aromatics” structure of graphite, crystalline or non-crystalline, were observed in the spectra at the 1600 cm−1 region. The band at 1477 cm−1 is assigned as VR band, the band at 1392 cm−1 as VL band and the band at 1540 cm−1 as GR band. Graphite structure remains after chemical leaching liberates oxygenated functional groups and mineral groups. The silicate bands between 1010 and 1100 cm−1 are active in the infrared (IR) spectrum but inactive in the Raman spectrum. Absorption arising from C-H stretching in alkenes occurs in the region of 3000 to 2840 cm−1. Raman bands because of symmetric stretch of water molecules were also observed in the spectrum at 3250 cm−1 and 3450 cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the presence of a graphite layer on the surface. Leaching of the sample with hydrofluoric acid decreases the mineral phase and increases the carbon content. The ash content is reduced by 84.5wt% with leaching from its initial value by mainly removing aluminum and silicate containing minerals.

Treating troubled families: therapeutic scenario in India.

Abstract: India, a country of diverse cultures, languages, life styles, and ethnicities, is becoming a land of economic change, political stability, technological advancement, and changing traditional structures of relationships as well as health consciousness. Being known for its ancient traditions, rituals, religious orientation, spiritual outlook and folk beliefs, Indian families attempt to continue certain healthy and traditional elements such as warmth, strong bond, hierarchy, extended support, cultural orientation, shared values and time, tolerance, respect for the aged and inculcation of religious teachings and traditions in families. These factors, or practices, in fact have strong therapeutic value in supplementing the growth and development of individuals in the family system in spite of its transitional position. This paper deals with the review of family-based mental health services and focuses on the changing trends of those practices in India and the advancement of Indian families in their engaging ability with mentally ill members as well as with the treating team.

Subtractive Genomics Approach to Identify Putative Drug Targets and Identification of Drug-like Molecules for Beta Subunit of DNA Polymerase III in Streptococcus Species

Abstract: The prolonged use of the antibiotics over the years has transformed many organisms resistant to multiple drugs. This has made the field of drug discovery of vital importance in curing various infections and diseases. The drugs act by binding to a specific target protein of prime importance for the cell’s survival. Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes are the few gram positive organisms that have developed resistance to drugs. It causes pneumonia, meningitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bacteremia, pericarditis, and arthritis infections. The present study was carried out to identify potential drug targets and inhibitors for beta subunit of DNA polymerase III in these three Streptococcus species that might facilitate the discovery of novel drugs in near future. Various steps were adopted to find out novel drug targets. And finally 3D structure of DNA polymerase III subunit beta was modeled. The ligand library was generated from various databases to find the most suitable ligands. All the ligands were docked using Molegro Virtual Docker and the lead molecules were investigated for ADME and toxicity.

Characterization of Diesel Soot from the Combustion in Engine by X-ray and Spectroscopic techniques

Abstract: 1 April 2012 Carbon nanomaterials formed during the combustion of Diesel inside engine is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic techniques The soot are collected from the Engine and washed with Acetone Carbon Nanomaterials produced from diesel soot show the morphology of carbon nanospheres mixed with carbon nanotubes X-ray diffraction investigation shows the presence of carbon nanotubes in association with amorphous nanomaterial EDS analysis of Diesel soot indicates that the soot particles to be composed of primarily carbon and oxygen along with hydrogen NMR spectrum of the soot reveals significant aliphatic component with predominance of methyl and methylene groups on β and γ positions to aromatic rings There is significant fraction of hydrogen on the γ position at 0864 ppm, which suggests the existence of large aliphatic chains or saturated rings joined to aromatic rings The IR spectrum shows characteristic signals in the region 1700-1000 cm

Study of Effect of Vipassana on Anxiety and Depression

Abstract: Th is study employed pretest- posttest experimental group design to study the impact of vipassana at Nepal Vipassana center(NVC) on an xiety and depression of students taking the course for the first time. Th irty one subjects (students) were studied. Vipassana is found to be effective to reduce the severity of depressive symptoms significantly (p=0.001). Vipassana could be the option for treating depression along or coupled with other methods.

An autonomic computing architecture for business applications

Abstract: Though the vision of autonomic computing (AC) is highly ambitious, an objective analysis of autonomic computing and its growth in the last decade throw more incisive and decisive insights on its birth deformities and growth pains. Predominantly software-based solutions are being preferred to make IT infrastructures and platforms, adaptive and autonomic in their offerings, outputs, and outlooks. However the autonomic journey has not been as promising as originally envisaged by industry leaders and luminaries, and there are several reasons being quoted by professionals and pundits for that gap. Precisely speaking, there is a kind of slackness in articulating its unique characteristics, and the enormous potentials in business and IT acceleration. There are not many real-world applications to popularize the autonomic concept among the development community. Though, some inroads has been made into infrastructure areas like networking, load balancing etc., very few attempts has been exercised in application areas like ERP, SCM, or CRM. In this paper, we would like to dig and dive deeper to extract and explain where the pioneering and path-breaking autonomic computing stands today, and the varied opportunities and possibilities, which insists hot pursuit of the autonomic idea. A simplistic architecture for deployment of autonomic business applications is introduced and a sample implementation in an existing CRM system is described. This should form the basis of new start and ubiquitous application of AC concepts for business applications.

Commitment of Information Technology Employees in Relation to Perceived Organizational Justice

Abstract: Organizational justice has been researched as an antecedent of the organizational commitment and is important because it has been linked to critical organizational processes such as commitment, citizenship, job satisfaction and performance. In the technology organization context, commitment of employees has a strategic value. A sample consisting of 225 IT employees were surveyed for the present study. The judgmental sampling technique was adopted. Perceptions of organizational justice and commitment were measured adopting standardized, reliable and valid scales. The major findings were that IT employees were treated with only moderate fairness/justice by the organizations, however, their commitment to their organization was fairly high. It was found that organizational justice significantly influenced organizational commitment of IT employees. The results of this study provide considerable insight into the IT employees’ perceptions of fairness that promote commitment. The implications of the study focus on strategies for increasing organizational justice and are discussed in detail.

Prominent label identification and multi-label classification for cancer prognosis prediction

Abstract: Cancer prognosis prediction improves the quality of treatment and increases the survivability of the patients. Conventional methods of cancer prediction deal with single class by limiting the prognosis prediction to one response variable. The SEER Public Use cancer database has more prominent variables that support better prediction approach. The objective of this paper is to find the prominent labels from cancer databases and use them in a multi-class environment. The implementation consist of three phases namely, pre-processing, prominent label identification and multi-label classification. Breast, Colorectal and Respiratory Cancer Data sets have been used for the experimentation. Also random samples from all three data sets are generated to form a mixed cancer data. Patient survival, number of primaries and age at diagnosis are the prominent labels identified from others using the Decision tree, Naive Bayes and KNN algorithms. The three prominent labels have been tested using multi-label RAkEL algorithm to find the relations between them. The results of the empirical study are comparatively better than the traditional way of cancer prediction.

Determinants of Capital Structure in Indian Manufacturing Sector

Abstract: This article is an attempt to analyse the important determinants of capital structure in Indian manufacturing industries in the last decade. Over the past several years, financial economists and re...

Price Discovery and Asymmetric Volatility Spillovers in Indian Spot-Futures Gold Markets

Abstract: This study attempts to examine the price discovery process and volatility spillovers in Gold futures and spot markets of National Commodity Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) by employing Johansen’s Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and the Bivariate ECM-EGARCH(1,1) model. The empirical result confirms that the spot market of Gold plays a dominant role and serves as effective price discovery vehicle. Besides the study results show that the spillovers of certain information take place from spot market to futures market and the spot market of gold have the capability to expose the all new information through the channel of its new innovation.

Effect of Non-Uniform Basic Concentration Gradient on the Onset of Double-Diffusive Convection in Micropolar Fluid

Abstract: The effect of non-uniform basic concentration gradient on the onset of double diffusive convection in a micropolar fluid layer heated and saluted from below and cooled from above has been studied The linear stability analysis is performed The eigen value of the problem is obtained using Galerkian method The eigen values are obtained for 1) free-free 2) rigid-free 3) rigid-rigid velocity boundary combination with isothermal temperature condition on spin-vanishing permeable boundaries The influence of various micropolar parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed One linear and five non linear concentration profiles are considered and their comparative influence on onset is discussed and results are depicted graphically It is observed that fluid layer with suspended particles heated and soluted from below is more stable compare to the classical fluid without suspended particles

Amberlite IR-120H: An improved reusable solid phase catalyst for the synthesis of nitriles under solvent free microwave irradiation

Abstract: An efficient green protocol has been developed for the conversion of a range of aldehydes to the corresponding nitriles using a solid-phase reusable catalyst combined with microwave irradiation. The highlighting features of this method are short reaction time, environmentally compatible, reusability of the catalyst and good product yield.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity Studies on 6-p-Dimethylaminophenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline: Crystal Structure of the Title Compound and Comparative Study with Related Derivatives

Abstract: Reaction of o-aminophenylbenzimidazole with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde yielded 6-p-dimethylaminophenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline, which was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral studies and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Studies on the antimicrobial activity of the compound revealed that it is active against fungus Yeast but not Bacillus subtilis. The compound crystallized in the space group P21/n with the unit cell parameters a = 10.652(2) A, b = 11.002(2) A, c = 15.753(2) A, β = 109.29(2)° and the structure was refined to an R-factor of 0.0479. The hydropyrimidine ring in the quinazoline moiety is in skew-boat conformation. The dimethylamino group attached to phenyl ring is in conjugation with it. The structure was stabilized by intermolecular C–H–N interactions. A few of the related quinazolines (6-p-hydroxyphenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-phenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-pyridyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-furyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline) were also examined for their biological activity, in addition to their characterization by IR, UV–Vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectral studies along with structural comparison. The details regarding the synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, crystal structure and biological activity of the title compound are reported in this paper.

Motivation and its Impact on Work Behavior of the Employees of the it Industry in Bangalore

Abstract: This Study is to make an attempt to find that employees are not motivated solely by money and also employee behavior is linked to the attitudes. In 1966, Herzberg interviewed a number of people in different professionals at different levels to find out two factors:- Those factors that motivated them in workplace. These factors were identified as factors that gave employees an incentive to work resulting in job satisfaction; they are also referred to as 'motivators'. These motivators increased the job satisfaction of the employee and further increased their efficiency. Those factors that prevented job dissatisfaction. In this study we are making an attempt to find out if IT professional's job satisfaction or dissatisfaction is caused by both the factors of motivation. In this study we want to find out the factors for the causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction, or which are related to the motivator factors or to the hygiene factors. According to Herzberg, image of the company, work conditions, salary/ pay, supervision, interpersonal relations' are only hygiene factors but these can be motivating factors. The theory however does not much have a say in developing nations where hygiene factors cannot be taken into full consideration.

Effect of Non-Uniform Temperature Gradient on the Onset of Rayleigh-Bénard Electro Convection in a Micropolar Fluid

Abstract: The effects of electric field and non-uniform basic temperature gradient on the onset of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a micropolar fluid are studied using the Galerkin technique. The eigenvalues are obtained for free-free, rigid-free and rigid-rigid velocity boundary combinations and for isothermal and/or adiabatic temperature boundaries. The microrotation is assumed to vanish at the boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various micropolar fluid parameters and electric Rayleigh number on the onset of convection has been analyzed. One linear and five non-uniform temperature profiles are considered and their comparative influence on onset is discussed.