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Showing papers by "Chung Yuan Christian University published in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal selection of the KC is strongly dependent on the adsorption characteristics (i.e., Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir) where equilibrium data are actually located; and the correlation coefficient of the van-t Hoff equation.
Abstract: Thermodynamic adsorption investigation plays a key role in estimating adsorptive mechanisms (i.e., physical or chemical). Accuracy estimation of the thermodynamic parameters is directly dependent on the equilibrium constant between two phases (KC; dimensionless). In this study, the thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the KC constants derived from the adsorption isotherm constants (i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, and Henry) and partition coefficient, with and without dimensionality consideration. Results showed that the optimal selection of KC is strongly dependent on: the adsorption characteristics (i.e., Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir) where equilibrium data are actually located; and the correlation coefficient of the van’t Hoff equation. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich constants (dimensionless) are appropriate to calculate the thermodynamic parameters. The Langmuir constants from its four linear forms can be applied to calculate the thermodynamic parameters without significant difference. The Cd(II) biosorption process onto the orange peel (OP) occurred spontaneously (−ΔG°), in an exothermic nature (−ΔH°), and with increased randomness (+ΔS°). The biosorption process involved physical adsorption with minimal activation energy (Ea) and adsorption energy (E). The biosorption phenomenon reached fast equilibrium and reversibility. The negatively charged carboxylic groups (–COO−) on the OP’s surface play an important role (approximately 90%) in Cd2+ biosorption through electrostatic attractions (out-sphere complexes).

494 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the chosen distance function can affect the classification accuracy of the k-NN classifier, and for the medical domain datasets including the categorical, numerical, and mixed types of data, K-NN based on the Chi square distance function performs the best.
Abstract: K-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification is conventional non-parametric classifier, which has been used as the baseline classifier in many pattern classification problems. It is based on measuring the distances between the test data and each of the training data to decide the final classification output. Since the Euclidean distance function is the most widely used distance metric in k-NN, no study examines the classification performance of k-NN by different distance functions, especially for various medical domain problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate whether the distance function can affect the k-NN performance over different medical datasets. Our experiments are based on three different types of medical datasets containing categorical, numerical, and mixed types of data and four different distance functions including Euclidean, cosine, Chi square, and Minkowsky are used during k-NN classification individually. The experimental results show that using the Chi square distance function is the best choice for the three different types of datasets. However, using the cosine and Euclidean (and Minkowsky) distance function perform the worst over the mixed type of datasets. In this paper, we demonstrate that the chosen distance function can affect the classification accuracy of the k-NN classifier. For the medical domain datasets including the categorical, numerical, and mixed types of data, K-NN based on the Chi square distance function performs the best.

324 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: G graphene oxide sheets and GO sheets with silver particles (GO-Ag) against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, feline coronavirus with an envelope and infectious bursal disease virus without an envelope were chosen and virus inhibition assay was used to identify the antiviral activity.
Abstract: The discovery of novel antiviral materials is important because many infectious diseases are caused by viruses. Silver nanoparticles have demonstrated strong antiviral activity, and graphene is a potential antimicrobial material due to its large surface area, high carrier mobility, and biocompatibility. No studies on the antiviral activity of nanomaterials on non-enveloped viruses have been reported. To investigate the antiviral activity of graphene oxide (GO) sheets and GO sheets with silver particles (GO-Ag) against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, feline coronavirus (FCoV) with an envelope and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) without an envelope were chosen. The morphology and sizes of GO and GO-Ag were characterized by transmission, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A virus inhibition assay was used to identify the antiviral activity of GO and GO-Ag. Go-Ag inhibited 25% of infection by FCoV and 23% by IBDV, whereas GO only inhibited 16% of infection by FCoV but showed no antiviral activity against the infection by IBDV. Further application of GO and GO-Ag can be considered for personal protection equipment to decrease the transmission of viruses.

191 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The OP-derived biochar can be considered a favourable alternative and a new green adsorbent for removing Cd2+ ions from an aqueous solution and fitted the pseudo-second-order model closely.

153 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lead-free perovskite infrared light-emitting diodes are achieved by using a halide perovSkite CsSnI3 as an emissive layer and the film shows compact micrometer-sized grains with only a few pinholes and cracks at the grain boundaries.
Abstract: Lead-free perovskite infrared light-emitting diodes are achieved by using a halide perovskite CsSnI3 as an emissive layer. The film shows compact micrometer-sized grains with only a few pinholes and cracks at the grain boundaries. The device exhibits maximum radiance of 40 W sr-1 m-2 at a current density of 364.3 mA cm-2 and maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.8% at 4.5 V.

140 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane containing zwitterionic polyelectrolyte nanoparticles (ZPNPs) was fabricated by interfacial polymerization, wherein ZPNPs act as building blocks allowing for simultaneously improved permeability, selectivity and anti-fouling properties.
Abstract: Nanofiltration membranes featuring high permeability, selectivity and anti-fouling properties represent a focal point of advanced membrane technologies for clean water production and purification. Inspired by “water channel” structures and fouling resistance characteristics of biological membranes, we fabricated a novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane containing zwitterionic polyelectrolyte nanoparticles (ZPNPs) by interfacial polymerization, wherein ZPNPs act as building blocks allowing for simultaneously improved permeability, selectivity and anti-fouling properties. By modulating the zwitterionic group content and ionic cross-linking degree of ZPNPs, the TFN-ZPNP membrane showed high water permeability (109.7 L m−2 h−1 MPa−1) and enhanced NaCl/Na2SO4 selectivity (28.4), respectively; these values were 191% and 125% of those for the pristine polyamide membrane. It was also demonstrated that the incorporation of ZPNPs can increase the surface hydrophilicity, electronegativity and reduce the surface roughness, leading to an improved anti-fouling performance against the bovine serum albumin protein foulant.

117 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Nafion chains have been reacted onto graphene oxide (GO) through atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction between the C-F groups of Nafions and the C=C groups of GO.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an interval uncertainty model of on-board PV generation is established, which considers the effect of the swinging of the ship, and an interval optimization method is developed to determine the optimal size of the ESS in this hybrid ship power system to reduce the fuel cost, capital cost of the energy storage system, and emissions of greenhouse gases.

107 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The road map of a distributed modeling framework for plant-wide process monitoring is introduced, based on which the whole plant- wide process is decomposed into different blocks, and statistical data models are constructed in those blocks.
Abstract: With the growing complexity of the modern industrial process, monitoring large-scale plant-wide processes has become quite popular. Unlike traditional processes, the measured data in the plant-wide process pose great challenges to information capture, data management, and storage. More importantly, it is difficult to efficiently interpret the information hidden within those data. In this paper, the road map of a distributed modeling framework for plant-wide process monitoring is introduced. Based on this framework, the whole plant-wide process is decomposed into different blocks, and statistical data models are constructed in those blocks. For online monitoring, the results obtained from different blocks are integrated through the decision fusion algorithm. A detailed case study is carried out for performance evaluation of the plant-wide monitoring method. Research challenges and perspectives are discussed and highlighted for future work.

103 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the effect of non-resonant contributions to tree-dominated and penguin-dominated three-body hadronic decays of heavy mesons.
Abstract: Direct $CP$ violation in charmless three-body hadronic decays of $B$ mesons is studied within the framework of a simple model based on the factorization approach. Three-body decays of heavy mesons receive both resonant and nonresonant contributions. Dominant nonresonant contributions to tree-dominated and penguin-dominated three-body decays arise from the $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}u$ tree transition and $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$ penguin transition, respectively. The former can be evaluated in the framework of heavy meson chiral perturbation theory with some modification, while the latter is governed by the matrix element of the scalar density $⟨{M}_{1}{M}_{2}|{\overline{q}}_{1}{q}_{2}|0⟩$. Resonant contributions to three-body decays are treated using the isobar model. Strong phases in this work reside in effective Wilson coefficients, propagators of resonances, and the matrix element of scalar density. In order to accommodate the branching fraction and $CP$ asymmetries observed in ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, the matrix element $⟨K\ensuremath{\pi}|\overline{s}q|0⟩$ should have an additional strong phase, which might arise from some sort of power corrections such as final-state interactions. We calculate inclusive and regional $CP$ asymmetries and find that nonresonant $CP$ violation is usually much larger than the resonant one and that the interference effect between resonant and nonresonant components is generally quite significant. If nonresonant contributions are turned off in the ${K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mode, the predicted $CP$ asymmetries due to resonances will be wrong in sign when confronted with experiment. In our study of ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, we find that ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}({\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ should be positive in order to account for $CP$ asymmetries observed in this decay. Indeed, both BABAR and LHCb measurements of ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ indicate positive $CP$ asymmetry in the $m({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ region peaked at ${m}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}$. On the other hand, all theories predict a large and negative $CP$ violation in ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Therefore, the issue with $CP$ violation in ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ needs to be resolved. Measurements of $CP$-asymmetry Dalitz distributions put very stringent constraints on the theoretical models. We check the magnitude and the sign of $CP$ violation in some (large) invariant mass regions to test our model.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a sort of novel nanofiltration membrane consisting of a positively charged interlayer sandwiched between substrate and negatively charged outermost surface, which is fabricated via amination-interfacial polymerization (A-IP) on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that niclosamide and nitazoxanide were able to inhibit Chikungunya virus entry and transmission, which might provide a basis for the development of novel human drug therapies against CHIKV and other alphavirus infections.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among all the Al-MOF-polymers, MIL-53(Al)-polymer still afforded the best extraction recovery for penicillins ranging from 90.5 to 95.7% for intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) and inter-day precision, and under the optimal conditions, the limit of detections were in the range of 0.06-0.26μgL(-1) and limit of quantifications between 0.20 and 0.87

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study showed that 250μg/L TCS exposure does not affect normal embryogenesis or organogenesis; however, there are concerns regarding possible impairment of lipid metabolism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that PDT combined with targeted VEGF-A gene therapy could be a potential therapeutic modality to achieve enhanced therapeutic outcome for HNSCC.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An approach to realize ultra-low fouling and high ligand loading with a highly-crosslinked, purely zwitterionic, carboxybetaine thin film hydrogel (CBHTF) coating platform is developed and the CBHTF on a hydrophilic surface demonstrated long-term stability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the glow dielectric barrier discharge (GDBD) plasma-induced surface grafting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with mixed-charge copolymers of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium (TMA) and sulfopropyl methacrylate (SA) was investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the pore volume of the metal-organic framework (MOF) was found to be the determinant in the loading efficiency of aspirin when variations arise between batches of the encapsulating material.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties was developed and indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis.
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a result of imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). In the present study, we investigated the potential of limiting the aggravation of osteoporosis by reducing the activity of OCs through thermolysis. The proposed method is to synthesize bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and incorporate them into OCs. The cells should be subsequently exposed to radiofrequency (RF) to induce thermolysis. In this study, particles of Fe3O4 were first synthesized by chemical co-precipitation and then coated with dextran (Dex). The Dex/Fe3O4 particles were then conjugated with Bis to form Bis/Dex/Fe3O4. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. In addition, the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were fully dispersed in double-distilled water. Osteoblasts and OCs were individually cultured with the nanoparticles, and an MTT assay revealed that they were non-cytotoxic. An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that nanoparticles were indeed magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and that they accumulated after being injected into the body of rats. In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the interactions between a government and an enterprise for implementing carbon taxes over time or by level of tax, considering greenhouse gas emission are discussed, and the impacts of various carbon tax policies on enterprises' investments in new technology, their reductions in production quantity, and governments' tax remittances are examined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the decay of the top quark induced by a very light boson with mass below 400 MeV and gave upper limits on the branching ratio for the light quark.
Abstract: Anomalous $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$ transitions from LHCb data may suggest a new massive gauge boson ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ that couples to the left-handed $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$ current, which in turn implies a coupling to the $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ current. In this paper, we study flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) decays of the top quark induced by a ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ boson, namely $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c{Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, based on a model of the gauged ${L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ symmetry (the difference between the muon and tauon numbers) with vectorlike quarks, which was introduced to explain the anomalous LHCb data. We illustrate that searching for $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c{Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ via ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with LHC Run 1 data can probe a parameter region that is unexplored by $B$ physics for a ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mass of around $\mathcal{O}(10)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ or greater. We further extend the model to a very light ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ with mass below 400 MeV, which is motivated by the muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ anomaly. Taking rare $B$ and $K$ meson decay data into account, we give upper limits on the $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c{Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ branching ratio for the light ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ case, and discuss about its observability at the LHC. We also scrutinize the possibility that the decay ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ with ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{ u}\overline{\ensuremath{ u}}$ may lead to an apparent violation of the usual Grossman-Nir bound of $\mathcal{B}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{ u}\overline{\ensuremath{ u}})l1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that the classification performances of the MapReduce based procedure are very stable no matter how many computer nodes are used, better than the baseline single machine and distributed procedures except for the class imbalance dataset.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The developed antifouling grafting introduces a universal modification method to generate zwitterionic interfaces on versatile biomaterial substrates, providing great potential for application in medical device coating and a promising opportunity for the application of stealth biomaterial interfaces on the next generation of medical devices.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, PIM-1 was hydrolyzed and incorporated with various metal ions such as Zn 2+, Mg 2+ and Ag +, and the results reveal that the pristine PIM1 has poor C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 8 separation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper proposes three WSD techniques based on the context of WOM documents to build WSD-based SentiWordNet lexicons and demonstrates that an improvement is achieved when the proposed W SD- based Senti wordNet is used.
Abstract: Sentiment analysis has attracted much attention from both researchers and practitioners as word-of-mouth (WOM) has a significant influence on consumer behavior. One core task of sentiment analysis is the discovery of sentimental words. This can be done efficiently when an accurate and large-scale sentiment lexicon is used. SentiWordNet is one such lexicon which defines each synonym set within WordNet with sentiment scores and orientation. As human language is ambiguous, an exact sense for a word in SentiWordNet needs to be justified according to the context in which the word occurs. However, most sentiment-based classification tasks extract sentimental words from SentiWordNet without dealing with word sense disambiguation (WSD), but directly adopt the sentiment score of the first sense or average sense. This paper proposes three WSD techniques based on the context of WOM documents to build WSD-based SentiWordNet lexicons. The experiments demonstrate that an improvement is achieved when the proposed WSD-based SentiWordNet is used.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a research model examining the antecedents and outcomes of online tourism information confusion faced by consumers has been proposed, which provides important managerial implications for online tourism marketers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The unexpected intramolecular lactonization which follows the initial aldol reaction, leading to the cleavage of the oxindole ring and generation of enantioenriched spirooxindole dihydropyranones in good to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities is discovered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that the epigenetic effects of the triterpenoid UA could potentially contribute to its beneficial effects, including the prevention of skin cancer.
Abstract: Ursolic acid (UA), a well-known natural triterpenoid found in abundance in blueberries, cranberries and apple peels, has been reported to possess many beneficial health effects. These effects include anticancer activity in various cancers, such as skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidative stress response with anticarcinogenic activity against UV- and chemical-induced tumor formation in the skin. Recent studies show that epigenetic modifications of Nrf2 play an important role in cancer prevention. However, the epigenetic impact of UA on Nrf2 signaling remains poorly understood in skin cancer. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic effects of UA on mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells. UA inhibited cellular transformation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate at a concentration at which the cytotoxicity was no more than 25%. Under this condition, UA induced the expression of the Nrf2-mediated detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. DNA methylation analysis revealed that UA demethylated the first 15 CpG sites of the Nrf2 promoter region, which correlated with the reexpression of Nrf2. Furthermore, UA reduced the expression of epigenetic modifying enzymes, including the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a and the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC8 (Class I) and HDAC6 and HDAC7 (Class II), and HDAC activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the epigenetic effects of the triterpenoid UA could potentially contribute to its beneficial effects, including the prevention of skin cancer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A highly charged organic compound was employed as a novel draw solution in the AGB-OsMBR system to obtain a low reverse salt flux, maintain a healthy environment for the microorganisms and demonstrate that novel multi-barrier systems could produce high quality potable water from impaired streams.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous membranes featuring hydrophobic fluorocarbon functional group (fluoroalkylsilane, FAS) modifications were successfully prepared using an electrospinning process, and their performance in a membrane contactor for CO2 absorption was investigated.