Chung Yuan Christian University

About: Chung Yuan Christian University is a education organization based out in Taoyuan City, Taiwan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Membrane & Fuzzy logic. The organization has 9819 authors who have published 11623 publications receiving 213139 citations. The organization is also known as: Tiong-gôan-tāi-ha̍k & CYCU.

Study of amorphous tin oxide thin films for ISFET applications

Abstract: In this study, an amorphous tin oxide (SnO 2 ) obtained by thermal evaporation was used as a pH-sensitive material for pH-ISFETs. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves of the EIS diode were used to evaluate pH response of SnO 2 thin film. Subsequently, SnO 2 /SiO 2 gate ISFET was fabricated and pH sensitivity was determined through a shift in the threshold voltage of an ISFET sensor. The experimental data show that the SnO 2 /SiO 2 gate ISFET sensors have a linear pH response of about 58 mV pH −1 in a concentration range between pH 2 and pH 10. In addition, the other characteristics of this sensor, such as temperature effect, drift effect, hysteresis and response time were also investigated in this paper.

Modeling and control for a Gough-Stewart platform CNC machine

Abstract: In this paper, a complete dynamic model on task space for a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) Gough-Stewart platform-type computer numerical control (CNC) machine is derived. The rotation terms of the legs are included for those inertia effects cannot be negligible in the machine tool applications. The formulation derived by means of the Euler-Lagrange method is convenient for designing the adaptive control law. Also, the average-type force model for end milling process is derived and included in the dynamic model and control. A composite adaptive control scheme is developed by use of filtering dynamics technique. An appropriate estimator gain is designed in the parameter adaptation law that is useful for estimating the selected important cutting parameters. Experimental results verify the proposed adaptive control scheme can achieve good tracking performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Surface Zwitterionization of Expanded Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Membranes via Atmospheric Plasma-Induced Polymerization for Enhanced Skin Wound Healing

Abstract: Development of bioinert membranes to prevent blood clotting, tissue adhesion, and bacterial attachment is important for the wound healing process. In this work, two wound-contacting membranes of expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) grafted with zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) via atmospheric plasma-induced surface copolymerization were studied. The surface grafting chemical structure, hydrophilicity, and hydration capability of the membranes were determined to illustrate the correlations between bioadhesive properties and wound recovery of PEGylated and zwitterionic ePTFE membranes. Bioadhesive properties of the membranes were evaluated by the plasma protein adsorption, platelet activation, blood cell hemolysis, tissue cell adhesion, and bacterial attachment. It was found that the zwitterionic PSBMA-grafted ePTFE membrane presented high hydration capability and exhibited the best nonbioadhesive character in contact with ...

Enhanced biological denitrification of high concentration of nitrite with supplementary carbon source.

Abstract: Nitrite accumulates during biological denitrification processes when carbon sources are insufficient. Acetate, methanol, and ethanol were investigated as supplementary carbon sources in the nitrite denitrification process using biogranules. Without supplementary external electron donors (control), the biogranules degraded 200 mg l(-1) nitrite at a rate of 0.27 mg NO(2)-N g(-1) VSS h(-1). Notably, 1,500 mg l(-1) acetate and 700 mg l(-1) methanol or ethanol enhanced denitrification rates for 200 mg l(-1) nitrite at 2.07, 1.20, and 1.60 mg NO(2)-N g(-1) VSS h(-1), respectively; these rates were significantly higher than that of the control. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the nitrite reductase (NiR) enzyme identified three prominent bands with molecular weights of 37-41 kDa. A linear correlation existed between incremental denitrification rates and incremental activity of the NiR enzyme. The NiR enzyme activity was enhanced by the supplementary carbon sources, thereby increasing the nitrite denitrification rate. The capacity of supplementary carbon source on enhancing NiR enzyme activity follows: methanol > acetate > ethanol on molar basis or acetate > ethanol > methanol on an added weight basis.

Rural Population Growth, 1950–1990: The Roles of Human Capital, Industry Structure, and Government Policy

Abstract: Human capital raises rural incomes, but this effect is swamped by higher returns to human capital in urban markets. This leads to “brain drain” from rural areas. Populations grow more rapidly in rural counties that have a diversified employment base. Farm population grows faster (or declines more slowly) in counties with relatively high farm income, and nonfarm populations grow faster in counties with relatively high nonfarm income. However, higher farm incomes lead to slower nonfarm population growth and vice versa. Rural county government services financed by local taxes or debt have neutral or negative effects on population growth. Rural population in the United States increased 53% between 1900 and 1990. This increase is concentrated in the nonfarm rural sector where population has grown to three times its turn-of-the-century level. Nevertheless, there exists a concern that rural areas are threatened by population declines that will gradually erode the ability of communities to provide public services necessary for their citizens. Eventually, the fear is that these communities will become too small to be selfsustaining and will disappear. One might ask why these concerns exist in the face of slowly rising rural populations. One reason is that the overall rural population increase masks a huge migration of labor off the farm. The rural farm population has fallen to one-tenth its 1900 level. If a strong farm economy is necessary to sustain rural communities, then the farm population decline is a threat to the future viability of rural communities. On the other hand, off-farm employment opportunities are increasingly important to the