Showing papers by "City University London published in 1984"
TL;DR: The results support findings by others that unemployment is associated with adverse effects on health and stress accompanying unemployment could be associated with raised suicide rates.
239 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that measurement as defined is related to other forms of symbolic representation such as is involved in computer data representation and natural language.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the deactivation effect depends markedly on temperature and the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule; moreover, bromine is a more effective inhibitor than chlorine, whereas platinum catalysts are more resistant to poisoning than palladium catalysts.
101 citations
TL;DR: A set of criteria is proposed for the comparison of software reliability models to provide a logically organized basis for determining the superior models and for the presentation of model characteristics.
Abstract: A set of criteria is proposed for the comparison of software reliability models. The intention is to provide a logically organized basis for determining the superior models and for the presentation of model characteristics. It is hoped that in the future, a software manager will be able to more easily select the model most suitable for his/her requirements from among the preferred ones.
78 citations
TL;DR: Two simple experiments show that a similar generation effect occurs in remembering answers to multiplication sums, and are suggested that this finding is inconsistent with a strong version of a lexical activation hypothesis that had been proposed to account for the generation effect.
Abstract: It has previously been shown that a word from a list is more likely to be remembered if the word was generated, rather than read, by the subject. Two simple experiments that show that a similar generation effect occurs in remembering answers to multiplication sums are described. It is suggested that this finding is inconsistent with a strong version of a lexical activation hypothesis that had been proposed to account for the generation effect. According to that hypothesis, the generation effect is due to enhanced activation of the semantic features of a word’s representation in the subjective lexicon.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and flammability measurements of polypropylene were used to investigate the role of an additive on oxygen uptake and char formation.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of various metal oxides have been investigated in terms of flame retardance and smoke suppression and the two latter systems show joint flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant effectiveness.
53 citations
01 Sep 1984
TL;DR: The system has reached a stage at which industrial implementation can be considered, and the four basic criteria for a successful inspection system, namely detection performance, speed, cost, and flexibility are satisfied.
Abstract: A system for automatic inspection of bare printed circuit boards is described that uses three concepts: multiple inspection systems; learn and inspect phases of inspection; a hierarchy of detection processes to satisfy the four basic criteria for a successful inspection system, namely detection performance, speed, cost, and flexibility. The system has reached a stage at which industrial implementation can be considered.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the photochemistry of aryl halides and related compounds is discussed, and the exact mechanism for photoinduced homolysis of these compounds is dependent upon both the nature of the halogen substituent and the ayrl group.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the photochemistry of aryl halides and related compounds. Due to the widespread use of substituted aryl halides as pesticides, electrical insulators, moth proofing agents, etc. and the environmental problems which the use of these compounds pose, it seems worthwhile reconsidering the photochemistry of these compounds. Furthermore, the photoinduced decomposition of aryl halides is used extensively in synthesis, and much of this latter work has been recently reviewed. It is well established that on photolysis, many aryl halides undergo homolysis to generate aryl radicals and halogen atoms. The question as to whether the excited singlet or triplet state or indeed both excited states are responsible for reaction, is of considerable importance. Thus, if reaction occurs from the excited singlet state, the homolytic process may well be in competition with an electrocyclic reaction. The precise mechanism for photoinduced homolysis of aryl-halogen compounds is dependent upon both the nature of the halogen substituent and the aryl group.
47 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of library and information science litera ture were investigated by sampling issues of LISA, ISA, RZI and BS for the year 1983 as mentioned in this paper, where single author documents predominate with 69% of the total.
Abstract: The characteristics of library and information science litera ture were investigated by sampling issues of LISA, ISA, RZI. BS and CCA for the year 1983. Single author documents predominate with 69% of the total. English (71%) and Journals (71%) are the dominant language and format.Currency has detenorated since earlier studies but literature coverage has increased. 1391 distinet journal titles were identi fied in the coverage of LISA, ISA, RZI and BS, but the overlap is very low with only 39 titles common to all four services. Most of the literature originated from North America (38%) and Western Europe (34%).1545 journals were identified from Ulrich's Guides. The number of these 'surviving' journals exhibited exponential growth for the past 150 years. From this and other data the corpus of knowledge of library and information science is estimated as 5 x 105 documents.
39 citations
TL;DR: A simple model of the distribution and metabolism of insulin in vivo has been evaluated using data from insulin infusion into a group of normal subjects and has been shown to accommodate the non-linearity of insulin metabo lism, allows evaluation of receptor association and dissociation constants and provides for the first time an estimate of total accessible receptor number in the intact organism.
Abstract: A simple model of the distribution and metabolism of insulin in vivo has been evaluated using data from insulin infusion into a group of normal subjects. The major rate-limiting step for access to degradation pathways is assumed to consist of binding of the ligand to a single population of insulin receptor sites, except that provision is made for the possibility of linear non-receptor-mediated degradation and for the phenomenon of negative cooperativity. The model has been shown to accommodate the non-linearity of insulin metabolism, allows, evaluation of receptor association and dissociation constants and provides for the first time an estimate of total accessible receptor number in the intact organism. For normal fasting man the model predicts 1.00 +/- 0.05 nmol accessible binding sites/kg (mean +/- SD).
TL;DR: The paper criticizes some assumptions adopted in various models of software reliability and suggestions are made to overcome the difficulties; in particular the Littlewood-Verrall model is advocated as a plausible alternative.
TL;DR: The difficulties in making interval estimates for system reliability from component test data are outlined and a selection from the many diverse and sometimes ingenious statistical approaches made are presented.
Abstract: The construction of interval estimates for system reliability from component test data has presented statisticians and reliability engineers with several challenging problems. This article outlines the difficulties in making such estimates and presents a selection from the many diverse and sometimes ingenious statistical approaches that have been made. The paper summarizes some recent developments and indicates directions for some further research.
TL;DR: In this article, the flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant activity of red phosphorus, in the presence of a brominated (decabromobiphenyl) and/or a nitrogenated (melamine) compound, on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer was investigated.
01 Aug 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the information provision mechanism (IPM) as a collective of cooperating entities, each expert in a particular function associated with information interaction and provision, was proposed.
Abstract: In earlier work, a model o f the information provision mechanism (IPM) as a collective o f cooperating entities, each expert in a particular function associated with information interaction and provision, was proposed This was originally a descriptive and analytical model, but it was also suggested as a design model In order to investigate its design potential, its general validity, and some architectural issues, five simulations o f the model using human beings as the functional experts, were run. The results o f the simulations indicate that the general model is valid as a design tool that the functional specifications are at least necessary, and that a black board communication structure with modified distributed control seems optimum for system implementation. They also indicate a partial ordering on the sequence o f function processing, and suggest that messages within such a system need to be typed
TL;DR: In this article, the use of fiberoptic techniques for measurement of the important parameters, temperature, pressure and fluid flow, especially blood flow, is reviewed and their applicability discussed.
TL;DR: The results of three experiments are interpreted as suggesting that the food-signaling aspects of an appetitive CS and that CS's ability to generate signal-directed behaviors are experimentall separable properties.
TL;DR: Laplace's notorious ‘law of succession’, which has evaded derivation by classical probability theory, is shown to be the ‘Zipfian’ frequency analogue of the Bradford law and it is argued that these two laws together provide the most convenient analytical instruments for the exploration of social science data.
Abstract: Haitun has recently shown that empirical distributions are of two types—‘Gaussian’ and ‘Zipfian’—characterized by the presence or absence of moments. Gaussian‐type distributions arise only in physical contexts: Zipfian only in social contexts. As the whole of modern statistical theory is based on Gaussian distributions, Haitun thus shows that its application to social statistics, including cognitive statistics, is ‘inadmissible’. A new statistical theory based on ‘Zipfian’ distributions is therefore needed for the social sciences. Laplace's notorious ‘law of succession’, which has evaded derivation by classical probability theory, is shown to be the ‘Zipfian’ frequency analogue of the Bradford law. It is argued that these two laws together provide the most convenient analytical instruments for the exploration of social science data. Some implications of these findings for the quantitative analysis of information systems are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: Two experiments compared the speed with which category and property statements of matched associative production frequency could be verified, and the verification of category statements was consistently faster than that of property statements, for both true and false judgments.
Abstract: Two experiments compared the speed with which category and property statements of matched associative production frequency could be verified. The verification of category statements was consistently faster than that of property statements, for both true and false judgments. The category advantage did not interact with the level of production frequency for the true sentences. Implications for models of decision processes in semantic memory are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a fast Fourier transform technique has been used to determine the magnitudes and relative phases of the fundamental and second harmonic components of the wave at discrete locations in the wave flume.
Abstract: The waves generated by a sinusoidally oscillating wedge have been measured, analysed and compared with some published theory. The wave celerity, wavemaker efficiency and reflection from the beach have each been considered. A fast Fourier transform technique has been used to determine the magnitudes and relative phases of the fundamental and second harmonic components of the wave at discrete locations in the wave flume. From the overall pattern of waveform variation down the flume, it has been possible to identify the total wave motion in the flume as being the sum of several components. These are a second order Stokes wave, a free second harmonic wave and reflected components at both the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies.
TL;DR: Haplophyllum pedicellatum, H. robustum and H. glabrinum all yielded the known compound gossypetin 8,3′-dimethyl ether 3-rutinoside, and the first two species afforded isorhamnetin and its 3- RUTinoside.
TL;DR: In this paper, the governing equations of fluid dynamics in general co-ordinates, and present forms particularly suitable for efficient numerical solution, are reviewed and methods for eliminating explicit use of the connection coefficients and transformation matrix elements from the computations.
Abstract: We review the governing equations of fluid dynamics in general co-ordinates, and present forms particularly suitable for efficient numerical solution. Methods are given, both for compressible and incompressible flow, of eliminating explicit use of the connection coefficients and transformation matrix elements from the computations. Special problems associated with spacially varying viscosity and with eddy-viscosity turbulence models are also discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the theory, construction and applications of ultrasonic transducers for high-resolution NDT are discussed, and the theory and application of such transducers are discussed.
Abstract: High resolution NDT requires ultrasonic transducers which can produce very short pulses with well-defined constant shape throughout the field. The theory, construction and applications of such transducers are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of four surface preparation methods on bonds produced with three acrylic adhesives have been studied and compared with those for a previously tested acrylic adhesive, made using lap shear strengths, and fracture energies obtained from the Boeing wedge test.
TL;DR: In this article, metal chelates have been incorporated into polystyrene and polypropylene to study their effects on the combustion of these polymers, in the absence and presence of a chlorinated hydrocarbon.
TL;DR: Les 3 atomes donneurs du macrocycle sont coordonnes au rhodium as discussed by the authors, i.e., Rh−N est tres longue (2,57 A), ce qui donne au metal une coordination intermediaire entre 4 and 5.
Abstract: Les 3 atomes donneurs du macrocycle sont coordonnes au rhodium. Rh−N est tres longue (2,57 A); ce qui donne au metal une coordination intermediaire entre 4 et 5. Cristallisation dans le groupe Pbca. Affinement jusqu'a R=0,0548
TL;DR: The difference between light reflected from the open eye and that reflecting from the closed lid is detected by means of an optic fibre attached to a spectacle frame which is processed electronically to produce a pulse train which may be interpreted either subjectively by a 'listener', or physically for the purpose of controlling external devices.
TL;DR: In this paper, the flammability of cellulose (in the form of cotton) was determined by the limiting oxygen index method, by means of triangular diagrams, and simultaneous thermal analyses indicated that the optimum Br:Al atomic ratio was about unity.