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Institution

City University London

EducationLondon, United Kingdom
About: City University London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 5735 authors who have published 17285 publications receiving 453290 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings show a social capital divide: teenagers have larger networks of friends compared to older users of MySpace, and the majority of teenage users' friends are in their own age range, whilst older people's networks ofFriends tend to have a more diverse age distribution.

518 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three new methods of determining Littmann's factor q become available: simply reducing the axial length by a constant 1 · 82 mm; constructing a personalized schematic eye, given additional data; and ray tracing through this eye to extend calculations to peripheral retinal areas.
Abstract: Littmann's formula relating the size of a retinal feature to its measured image size on a telecentric fundus camera film is widely used. It requires only the corneal radius, ametropia, and Littmann's factor q obtained from nomograms or tables. These procedures are here computerized for practitioners' convenience. Basic optical principles are discussed, showing q to be a constant fraction of the theoretical ocular dimension k′, the distance from the eye's second principal point to the retina. If the eye's axial length is known, three new methods of determining q become available: (a) simply reducing the axial length by a constant 1 · 82 mm; (b) constructing a personalized schematic eye, given additional data; (c) ray tracing through this eye to extend calculations to peripheral retinal areas. Results of all these evaluations for 12 subjects of known ocular dimensions are presented for comparison. Method (a), the simplest, is arguably the most reliable. It shows good agreement with Littmann's supplementary procedure when the eye's axial length is known.

516 citations

BookDOI
Abstract: This paper introduces a large new cross-country database on political institutions: the Database on Political Institutions (DPI). The authors summarize key variables (many of them new), compare this data set with others, and explore the range of issues for which the data should prove invaluable. Among the novel variables they introduce: 1) Several measures of tenure, stability, and checks and balances. 2) Identification of parties with the government coalition or the opposition. 3) Fragmentation of opposition and government parties in legislatures. The authors illustrate the application of DPI variables to several problems in political economy. Stepan and Skach, for example, find that democracy is more likely to survive under parliamentary governments than presidential systems. But this result is not robust to the use of different variables from the DPI, which raises puzzles for future research. Similarly, Roubini and Sachs, find that divided governments in the OECD run higher budget deficits after fiscal shocks. Replication of their work using DPI indicators of divided government indicates otherwise, again suggesting issues for future research. Among questions in political science and economics, that this database may illuminate: the determinants of democratic consolidation, the political conditions for economic reform, the political and institutional roots of corruption, and the elements of appropriate and institutionally sensitive design of economic policy.

505 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess a variety of scenarios for adoption of organic farming, localised food systems and sustainable transport to indicate the substantial potential to reduce environmental costs in the UK food system.

503 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The quality of intervention studies intended to increase hand hygiene compliance remains disappointing and although multifaceted campaigns with social marketing or staff involvement appear to have an effect, there is insufficient evidence to draw a firm conclusion.

503 citations


Authors

Showing all 5822 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Andrew M. Jones10376437253
F. Rauscher10060536066
Thorsten Beck9937362708
Richard J. K. Taylor91154343893
Christopher N. Bowman9063938457
G. David Batty8845123826
Xin Zhang87171440102
Richard J. Cook8457128943
Hugh Willmott8231026758
Scott Reeves8244127470
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore8121129660
Mats Alvesson7826738248
W. John Edmunds7525224018
Sheng Chen7168827847
Christopher J. Taylor7141530948
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202330
2022188
20211,030
20201,011
2019939
2018879