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Institution

City University London

EducationLondon, United Kingdom
About: City University London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 5735 authors who have published 17285 publications receiving 453290 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue that the mass media/mass influence paradigm is, of itself, no longer adequate to explain the utility of communications in the sustenance of unequal power relations in society, and that a major function of news media is to act as a communications forum for elites in their daily conflicts and negotiations.
Abstract: This article makes the case that critical research in media studies needs to devote more attention to the part played by media and culture in elite decision-making. It argues that the mass media/mass influence paradigm is, of itself, no longer adequate to explain the utility of communications in the sustenance of unequal power relations in society. Instead, evidence presented here observes that a major function of news media is to act as a communications forum for elites in their daily conflicts and negotiations. With elites acting as sources, targets and major recipients of news texts, inter-elite, rather than elite-mass, communications seems to be a key feature of the political process. These findings are based on a series of 98 semi-structured interviews with political and corporate news sources, and senior journalists in the UK.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is confirmed that cross-modality priming occurs when performance conforms completely to the retrieval intentionality criterion, indicating involuntary—not voluntary—retrieval in the incidental test, and implies that conscious memory and unconscious memory should not be equated with involuntary retrieval, because involuntary retrieval can be accompanied by memorial awareness.
Abstract: A comparison of incidental and intentional stem-completion tests confirmed that cross-modality priming occurs when performance conforms completely to the retrieval intentionality criterion, indi­ cating involuntary-not voluntary-retrieval in the incidental test. However, an on-line measure of awareness in the incidental test, and a process-dissociation analysis of the intentional test, indicated only within-modality, but not cross-modality, transfer of involuntary retrieval that is unaccompanied by memorial awareness, These results imply that conscious memory should not be equated with vol­ untary retrieval, and unconscious memory should not be equated with involuntary retrieval, because involuntary retrieval can be accompanied by memorial awareness, Incidental perceptual tests of memory typically re­ quire participants to complete or identify an incomplete or degraded external stimulus (e.g., a word stem or a briefly flashed word). Prior study of the intact version of a test item facilitates or "primes" current performance. This priming is characterized as perceptual because it often varies with the degree ofperceptual match between study and test items: In a visual test, for example, priming de­ creases markedly when study is auditory compared to when it is visual (for reviews, see Richardson-Klavehn & Bjork, 1988; Roediger & McDermott, 1993). Such find­ ings, among others, have led to the hypothesis that prim­ ing depends on modality-specific perceptualrepresenta­

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an order driver market model with heterogeneous traders that imitate each other on a dynamic network structure is introduced, where the communication structure evolves endogenously via a fitness mechanism based on agents performance.
Abstract: We introduce an order driver market model with heterogeneous traders that imitate each other on a dynamic network structure. The communication structure evolves endogenously via a fitness mechanism based on agents performance. We assess under which assumptions imitation, among noise traders, can give rise to the emergence of gurus and their rise and fall in popularity over time. We study the wealth distribution of gurus, followers and non followers and show that traders have an incentive to imitate and a desire to be imitated since herding turns out to be profitable. The model is then used to study the effect that different competitive strategies (i.e. chartist & fundamentalist) have on agents performance. Our findings show that positive intelligence agents cannot invade a market populated by noise traders when herding is high.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that patients with glaucoma exhibit deficits in eye-hand coordination compared with the age-matched normally sighted control, and deficits correlated with both increasing severity of VF defect and impaired stereoacuity.
Abstract: PURPOSE. To examine whether patients with glaucoma exhibit differences in visually guided reaching-and-grasping (prehension) behavior compared with normally sighted control subjects. METHODS. Sixteen patients with glaucoma and 16 control subjects with no ocular disease participated. Participants were required to reach out and precision grasp one of two cylindrical objects placed on a table top in front of them in laboratory conditions in three viewing conditions (binocular, right eye alone, left eye alone). Lightweight reflective markers were placed on the subject’s preferred hand for recording its movement in three-dimensional space. Three motion capture units recorded the motion of these markers as the subjects reached out and precision grasped household objects. Various indices of prehension planning, execution, and control were quantified. Visual fields (VF) were measured using standard automated perimetry generating monocular mean deviation (MD) scores. Binocular VF sensitivity was estimated by using the integrated visual field (IVF). Stereoacuity was measured with the Frisby stereoacuity test. Significant differences in prehension movement between patients and control subjects in each viewing condition were investigated, and associations between prehension kinematics and VF sensitivity were examined. RESULTS. The patients and control subjects were of a similar age (median [range]: patient group, 72.2 years [62.5–86.9]; control group, 69.0 years [64.3–78.3]). The patient group had asymmetrical disease and relatively minor binocular overlapping defects (better eye MD, −5.7 dB [−16.7 to +0.45 dB]; worse eye MD, −11.8 dB [−29.3 to −1.5 dB]; IVF score, 3 [0–36]). They exhibited slightly poorer stereoacuity levels than did the control subjects (patient group, 55 sec arc [40–110]; control group, 40 sec arc [20–80; Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05]). They also showed statistically significant delays in average movement onset (MO: ∼100 ms delay, Mann-Whitney U test P < 0.0001) and overall movement time (OMD: ∼140 ms delay; Mann-Whitney U test P < 0.05), suggesting impairments in initial movement planning and control. Deficits were exhibited in the reaching component, with data suggesting that glaucomatous patients made more tentative movements when reaching for the object. These deficits correlated with both increasing severity of VF defect and impaired stereoacuity. There were no differences in grasping characteristics between patients and control subjects in this sample. CONCLUSIONS. This study provides evidence that patients with glaucoma exhibit deficits in eye–hand coordination compared with the age-matched normally sighted control. Further study is needed to assess the specific effect of field loss location on prehension kinematics.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The introduction of CDSS may not necessarily lead to a positive outcome; further studies are needed in order to identify contexts in which C DSS use by nurses is most effective, and future systematic reviews should focus on particular uses.
Abstract: Objective: To examine the effect of computerized decision support systems (CDSSs) on nursing performance and patient outcomes.Method: Fifteen databases, including Medline and CINAHL, were searched up to May 2006 together with reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before and after studies and interrupted time series studies that assessed the effects of CDSS use by nurses in a clinical setting on measurable professional and/or patient outcomes were included.Results: Eight studies, three comparing nurses using CDSS with nurses not using CDSS and five comparing nurses using CDSS with other health professionals not using CDSS, were included. Risk of contamination was a concern in four studies. The effect of CDSS on nursing performance and patient outcomes was inconsistent.Conclusion: The introduction of CDSS may not necessarily lead to a positive outcome; further studies are needed in order to identify contexts in which CD...

104 citations


Authors

Showing all 5822 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Andrew M. Jones10376437253
F. Rauscher10060536066
Thorsten Beck9937362708
Richard J. K. Taylor91154343893
Christopher N. Bowman9063938457
G. David Batty8845123826
Xin Zhang87171440102
Richard J. Cook8457128943
Hugh Willmott8231026758
Scott Reeves8244127470
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore8121129660
Mats Alvesson7826738248
W. John Edmunds7525224018
Sheng Chen7168827847
Christopher J. Taylor7141530948
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202330
2022188
20211,030
20201,011
2019939
2018879