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Institution

City University London

EducationLondon, United Kingdom
About: City University London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 5735 authors who have published 17285 publications receiving 453290 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings point to the potential utility of intervention strategies that target cravings, enhance self-control or promote stimulus control in overweight and obese participants.
Abstract: Background: Snack foods are often high in fat and sugar. Thus, reducing snack consumption may be a useful weight management strategy. However, individuals may snack for a variety of reasons with different implications for intervention. The present study examined the perceived reasons for eating main meals, ‘unhealthy’ snacks (i.e. snacks high in fat or sugar) and ‘healthy’ snacks in overweight and obese participants. Methods: Over a period of 5 days, 28 males and 27 females completed a food diary every time they ate. As well as providing details about the type of eating episode and food eaten, they also rated their agreement with 13 different reasons for eating (identified from relevant literature and a pilot study). Results: Across a total of 1084 eating episodes, 358 were coded as snacks, 79% of which were high in either fat or sugar. The results showed that hunger and temptation (external eating) were reported as a reason for eating unhealthy snacks in 49% and 55% of all episodes, respectively. Eating because the individual was feeling fed up, bored or stressed (emotional eating) was given as a reason in 26% of episodes. Conclusions: These findings point to the potential utility of intervention strategies that target cravings, enhance self-control or promote stimulus control.

102 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the use of a phenomenological method in the exploration of the experience of taking part in extreme sport and present a brief account of the process and outcome of the research.
Abstract: This paper offers reflections on the use of a phenomenological method in the exploration of the experience of taking part in extreme sport. A phenomenological method was chosen in an attempt to gain some understanding of the meaning and significance of an embodied experience. The paper presents a brief account of the process and outcome of the research. This is followed by a discussion of the researcher's experience of conducting phenomenological research and the kind of knowledge that was produced as a result. Reflections revolve around the openness of the method and its ability to reveal a phenomenon, the degree to which it is able to capture uniqueness and specificity, problems around translation and language, recruitment of participants, and, finally, issues around the relationship between description and interpretation. The paper concludes with some recommendations for phenomenological research practice.

102 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Peer observation and professional accountability for giving constructive feedback enhanced awareness of their skills education and training needs.
Abstract: Background: With 360° appraisals integral to professional life, learning how to give constructive feedback is an essential generic skill.Aim: To use a formative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for skills acquisition and development in giving feedback, whilst facilitating awareness of the importance of communication skills in clinical practice.Methods: Medical and nursing students took part in a formative OSCE. Using actors as simulated patients, a three-station OSCE circuit was repeated three times so that students could rotate through the roles as ‘candidate’, ‘examiner’ and ‘observer’. As ‘candidates’, they received immediate feedback on their consultation from the ‘examiner’/‘observer’. The events were evaluated using a questionnaire and focus groups.Results: Students immensely valued this learning event for considering expectations for a performance (91–100%). Concerns around giving peers feedback were acknowledged, and they were divided on preference for feedback from peers or tutors...

102 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that multivariate studies of acoustic patterns are a promising but yet unsystematic avenue for establishing ASD markers, and three recommendations for future studies are outlined.
Abstract: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tend to show distinctive, atypical acoustic patterns of speech. These behaviors affect social interactions and social development and could represent a non-invasive marker for ASD. We systematically reviewed the literature quantifying acoustic patterns in ASD. Search terms were: (prosody OR intonation OR inflection OR intensity OR pitch OR fundamental frequency OR speech rate OR voice quality OR acoustic) AND (autis* OR Asperger). Results were filtered to include only: empirical studies quantifying acoustic features of vocal production in ASD, with a sample size >2, and the inclusion of a neurotypical comparison group and/or correlations between acoustic measures and severity of clinical features. We identified 34 articles, including 30 univariate studies and 15 multivariate machine-learning studies. We performed meta-analyses of the univariate studies, identifying significant differences in mean pitch and pitch range between individuals with ASD and comparison participants (Cohen's d of 0.4-0.5 and discriminatory accuracy of about 61-64%). The multivariate studies reported higher accuracies than the univariate studies (63-96%). However, the methods used and the acoustic features investigated were too diverse for performing meta-analysis. We conclude that multivariate studies of acoustic patterns are a promising but yet unsystematic avenue for establishing ASD markers. We outline three recommendations for future studies: open data, open methods, and theory-driven research. Autism Res 2017, 10: 384-407. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

102 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability for the modeling and forecasting of socioeconomic differences in mortality of several multiple population extensions of the Lee-Carter model, including a newly introduced relative model based on the modeling of the mortality in socioeconomic subpopulations alongside the mortality of a reference population, was discussed.
Abstract: In any country, mortality rates and indices such as life expectancy usually differ across subpopulations, for example, defined by gender, geographic area, or socioeconomic variables (e.g., occupation, level of education, or income). These differentials, and in particular those related to socioeconomic circumstances, pose important challenges for the design of public policies for tackling social inequalities, as well as for the design of pension systems and the management of longevity risk in pension funds and annuity portfolios. We discuss the suitability for the modeling and forecasting of socioeconomic differences in mortality of several multiple population extensions of the Lee-Carter model, including a newly introduced relative model based on the modeling of the mortality in socioeconomic subpopulations alongside the mortality of a reference population. Using England mortality data for socioeconomic subpopulations defined using a deprivation index, we show that this new relative model exhibits the bes...

102 citations


Authors

Showing all 5822 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Andrew M. Jones10376437253
F. Rauscher10060536066
Thorsten Beck9937362708
Richard J. K. Taylor91154343893
Christopher N. Bowman9063938457
G. David Batty8845123826
Xin Zhang87171440102
Richard J. Cook8457128943
Hugh Willmott8231026758
Scott Reeves8244127470
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore8121129660
Mats Alvesson7826738248
W. John Edmunds7525224018
Sheng Chen7168827847
Christopher J. Taylor7141530948
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202330
2022188
20211,030
20201,011
2019939
2018879