Showing papers by "Clemson University published in 2007"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the endogeneity of free trade agreements using instrumental-variable (IV) techniques, control function (CF) techniques and panel-data techniques; IV and CF approaches do not adjust for endogeneity well, but a panel data approach does.
2,163 citations
TL;DR: The two-photon luminescence microscopy imaging of human breast cancer cells with internalized carbon dots with pulsed laser excitation in the near-infrared is demonstrated.
Abstract: Carbon nanoparticles upon simple surface passivation exhibit bright photoluminescence. Reported here is a new finding that these carbon dots are also strongly two-photon luminescent with pulsed laser excitation in the near-infrared. The experimentally measured two-photon absorption cross-sections are comparable to those of the high-performance semiconductor quantum dots already available in the literature. The two-photon luminescence microscopy imaging of human breast cancer cells with internalized carbon dots is demonstrated.
1,902 citations
01 Aug 2007
TL;DR: According to Hitt (1998), "we are on the precipice of an epoch, in the midst of a new economic age, in which twenty-first century organizations are facing a complex competitive landscape driven largely by globalization and the technological revolution" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: According to Hitt (1998), “we are on the precipice of an epoch,” in the midst of a new economic age, in which twenty-first century organizations are facing a complex competitive landscape driven largely by globalization and the technological revolution. This new age is about an economy where knowledge is a core commodity and the rapid production of knowledge and innovation is critical to organizational survival (Bettis and Hitt, 1995; Boisot, 1998). Consistent with these changes, much discussion is taking place in the management literature regarding challenges facing organizations in a transitioning world (Barkema et al., 2002; Bettis and Hitt, 1995; Child and McGrath, 2001).
1,779 citations
TL;DR: The most common methods for electronic bullying involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail, and close to half of the electronic bully victims reported not knowing the perpetrator's identity.
1,249 citations
TL;DR: A novel method to encode a GO term's semantics into a numeric value by aggregating the semantic contributions of their ancestor terms in the GO graph is proposed and, in turn, an algorithm is designed to measure the semantic similarity of GO terms.
Abstract: Motivation: Although controlled biochemical or biological vocabularies, such as Gene Ontology (GO) ( http://www.geneontology.org), address the need for consistent descriptions of genes in different data sources, there is still no effective method to determine the functional similarities of genes based on gene annotation information from heterogeneous data sources.
Results: To address this critical need, we proposed a novel method to encode a GO term's semantics (biological meanings) into a numeric value by aggregating the semantic contributions of their ancestor terms (including this specific term) in the GO graph and, in turn, designed an algorithm to measure the semantic similarity of GO terms. Based on the semantic similarities of GO terms used for gene annotation, we designed a new algorithm to measure the functional similarity of genes. The results of using our algorithm to measure the functional similarities of genes in pathways retrieved from the saccharomyces genome database (SGD), and the outcomes of clustering these genes based on the similarity values obtained by our algorithm are shown to be consistent with human perspectives. Furthermore, we developed a set of online tools for gene similarity measurement and knowledge discovery.
Availability: The online tools are available at: http://bioinformatics.clemson.edu/G-SESAME
Contact: jzwang@cs.clemson.edu
Supplementary information: http://bioinformatics.clemson.edu/Publication/Supplement/gsp.htm
1,067 citations
Bradley University1, University of Tartu2, National Institutes of Health3, University of California4, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile5, University of Louisville6, University of Latvia7, Pennsylvania State University8, Slovak Academy of Sciences9, University of San Carlos10, University of Malta11, Ghent University12, Clemson University13, Laval University14, University of Buenos Aires15, Osaka University16, Illinois State University17, National Autonomous University of Mexico18, University of Brasília19, University of Western Australia20, University of Lima21, Boğaziçi University22, University of Kassel23, York University24, University of Queensland25, Åbo Akademi University26, Al Akhawayn University27, University of Hawaii at Manoa28, University of Catania29, University of Otago30, University of Dhaka31, Chemnitz University of Technology32, Knox College33, Comenius University in Bratislava34, University of Rijeka35, University of Malaya36, Vilnius University37, American University of Beirut38, Kwangju Health College39, University of Salzburg40, Utrecht University41, National Computerization Agency42, City University of Hong Kong43, University of Idaho44, University of Zimbabwe45, University of Lisbon46, University of Central Lancashire47, Loyola Marymount University48, University of KwaZulu-Natal49, University of Granada50, University of Botswana51, Babeș-Bolyai University52, University of Cyprus53, University of Belgrade54, KPMG55, University of Montpellier56, University of Zurich57, University of Alabama58, Baylor University59, Queen's University Belfast60, University of Ljubljana61, University of Haifa62, University of La Serena63, Florida Atlantic University64, University of California, Davis65, University of Dar es Salaam66, Ramapo College67, Cyprus College68, Middle East Technical University69, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń70, University of the South Pacific71, Vrije Universiteit Brussel72, University at Albany, SUNY73, University of the Aegean74, University of Lethbridge75, University of Vienna76, University of Hong Kong77, Yuan Ze University78, Charles University in Prague79, Chonnam National University80, Indian Institutes of Technology81
TL;DR: The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. People from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focuses on limitations of t...
876 citations
TL;DR: The dominant co-teaching role was found to be "one teach, one assist" in classrooms characterized by traditional instruction, even though this method is not highly recommended in the literature as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: T: Thirty-two qualitative investigations of co-teaching in inclusive classrooms were in- cluded in a metasynthesis employing qualitative research integration techniques. It was concluded that co-teachers generally supported co-teaching, although a number of important needs were iden- tified, including planning time, student skill level, and training; many of these needs were linked to administrative support. The dominant co-teaching role was found to be "one teach, one assist," in classrooms characterized by traditional instruction, even though this method is not highly rec- ommended in the literature. The special education teacher was often observed to play a subordinate role. Techniques often recommended for special education teachers, such as peer mediation, strategy instruction, mnemonics, and training of study skills, self-advocacy skills, and self-monitoring, were infrequently observed.
777 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that some of these inserted Wolbachia genes are transcribed within eukaryotic cells lacking endosymbionts, potentially providing a mechanism for acquisition of new genes and functions.
Abstract: Although common among bacteria, lateral gene transfer-the movement of genes between distantly related organisms-is thought to occur only rarely between bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes. However, the presence of endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia pipientis, within some eukaryotic germlines may facilitate bacterial gene transfers to eukaryotic host genomes. We therefore examined host genomes for evidence of gene transfer events from Wolbachia bacteria to their hosts. We found and confirmed transfers into the genomes of four insect and four nematode species that range from nearly the entire Wolbachia genome (>1 megabase) to short (<500 base pairs) insertions. Potential Wolbachia-to-host transfers were also detected computationally in three additional sequenced insect genomes. We also show that some of these inserted Wolbachia genes are transcribed within eukaryotic cells lacking endosymbionts. Therefore, heritable lateral gene transfer occurs into eukaryotic hosts from their prokaryote symbionts, potentially providing a mechanism for acquisition of new genes and functions.
772 citations
TL;DR: Results suggested an optimum C/N ratio for co-digestion of algal sludge and waste paper was in the range of 20-25/1.
770 citations
Book•
26 Nov 2007TL;DR: The second edition of Cyberbullying offers the most current information on this constantly-evolving issue and outlines the unique concerns and challenges it raises for children, parents, and educators.
Abstract: Psychologists explore the reality of cyberbulliesMillions of children are affected by bullies each year. Advances in social media, email, instant messaging, and cell phones, however, have moved bullying from a schoolyard fear to a constant threat. The second edition of Cyberbullying offers the most current information on this constantly-evolving issue and outlines the unique concerns and challenges it raises for children, parents, and educators. Authored by psychologists who are internationally recognized as experts in this field, the text uses the latest research in this area to provide an updated, reliable text ideal for parents and educators concerned about the cyberbullying phenomenon.
616 citations
TL;DR: The present work uses the four phases of the model to review the strategies in an agroecological context and provides a synthesis of the factors that influence the success of each phase.
Abstract: Burgeoning consumer interest in organically produced foods has made organic farming one of the fastest growing segments of agriculture. This growth has not been supported adequately by rigorous research to address challenges such as arthropod pest management. The research that has been conducted, however, is complemented by research in aspects of conventional agriculture that may have applicability in organic systems, as well as by research in underpinning fields such as applied ecology. This article synthesizes the available literature in relation to a conceptual model of arthropod pest management strategies suitable for organic systems. The present work uses the four phases of the model to review the strategies in an agroecological context and provides a synthesis of the factors that influence the success of each phase. Rather than constituting a fringe science, pest management research for organic systems draws on cutting edge science in fields such as landscape and chemical ecology and has a bright future.
TL;DR: This paper presents three different energy management approaches for the control of a parallel hybrid electric sport-utility-vehicle that do not require a priori knowledge of the driving cycle and shows that the A-ECMS strategy is the best performing strategy.
Abstract: Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) improvements in fuel economy and emissions strongly depend on the energy management strategy. The parallel HEV control problem involves the determination of the time profiles of the power flows from the engine and the electric motor. This is also referred to as the power split between the conventional and the electric sources. The objective of HEV control is in fact to find out the sequence of optimal power splits at each instant of time that minimizes the fuel consumption over a given driving schedule. Big obstacles to the control design are the model complexity and the necessity of "a priori" knowledge of torque and velocity profiles. This paper presents three different energy management approaches for the control of a parallel hybrid electric sport-utility-vehicle that do not require a priori knowledge of the driving cycle. The considered approaches are: a rule-based control, an adaptive equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), and the Hinfin control. Results, compared with the optimal solution given by the dynamic programming, show that the A-ECMS strategy is the best performing strategy
TL;DR: It is shown that the common trend TPR and Sawa’s Bayes criteria procedures seem optimal for most climate time series, whereas the SNH procedure and its nonparametric variant are probably best for mostClimate time series.
Abstract: This review article enumerates, categorizes, and compares many of the methods that have been proposed to detect undocumented changepoints in climate data series. The methods examined include the standard normal homogeneity (SNH) test, Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test, two-phase regression (TPR) procedures, inhomogeneity tests, information criteria procedures, and various variants thereof. All of these methods have been proposed in the climate literature to detect undocumented changepoints, but heretofore there has been little formal comparison of the techniques on either real or simulated climate series. This study seeks to unify the topic, showing clearly the fundamental differences among the assumptions made by each procedure and providing guidelines for which procedures work best in different situations. It is shown that the common trend TPR and Sawa’s Bayes criteria procedures seem optimal for most climate time series, whereas the SNH procedure and its nonparametric variant are probably best whe...
TL;DR: Functional biomechanical properties of periostin null skin specimens and atrioventricular valve explant experiments provided direct evidence of the role that periastin plays in regulating the viscoelastic properties of connective tissues.
Abstract: Periostin is predominantly expressed in collagen-rich fibrous connective tissues that are subjected to constant mechanical stresses including: heart valves, tendons, perichondrium, cornea, and the periodontal ligament (PDL) Based on these data we hypothesize that periostin can regulate collagen I fibrillogenesis and thereby affect the biomechanical properties of connective tissues Immunoprecipitation and immunogold transmission electron microscopy experiments demonstrate that periostin is capable of directly interacting with collagen I To analyze the potential role of periostin in collagen I fibrillogenesis, gene targeted mice were generated Transmission electron microscopy and morphometric analyses demonstrated reduced collagen fibril diameters in skin dermis of periostin knockout mice, an indication of aberrant collagen I fibrillogenesis In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated a lower collagen denaturing temperature in periostin knockout mice, reflecting a reduced level of collagen cross-linking Functional biomechanical properties of periostin null skin specimens and atrioventricular (AV) valve explant experiments provided direct evidence of the role that periostin plays in regulating the viscoelastic properties of connective tissues Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that periostin can regulate collagen I fibrillogenesis and thereby serves as an important mediator of the biomechanical properties of fibrous connective tissues
TL;DR: In this paper, an expanded methodology for the generation of analytical fragility curves for highway bridges is presented, which considers the contribution of the major components of the bridge, such as the columns, bearings and abutments, to its overall bridge system fragility.
Abstract: Bridge fragility curves, which express the probability of a bridge reaching a certain damage state for a given ground motion parameter, play an important role in the overall seismic risk assessment of a transportation network. Current analytical methodologies for generating bridge fragility curves do not adequately account for all major contributing bridge components. Studies have shown that for some bridge types, neglecting to account for all of these components can lead to a misrepresentation of the bridges' overall fragilities.
In this study, an expanded methodology for the generation of analytical fragility curves for highway bridges is presented. This methodology considers the contribution of the major components of the bridge, such as the columns, bearings and abutments, to its overall bridge system fragility. In particular, this methodology utilizes probability tools to directly estimate the bridge system fragility from the individual component fragilities. This is illustrated using a bridge whose construction and configuration are typical to the Central and Southeastern United States and the results are presented and discussed herein. This study shows that the bridge as a system is more fragile than any one of the individual components. Assuming that the columns represent the entire bridge system can result in errors as large as 50% at higher damage states. This provides support to the assertion that multiple bridge components should be considered in the development of bridge fragility curves. The findings also show that estimation of the bridge fragilities by their first-order bounds could result in errors of up to 40%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: This study demonstrated the viability of the PED process to the fabricate PCL and PCL-HA composite scaffolds having necessary mechanical property, structural integrity, controlled pore size and pore interconnectivity desired for bone tissue engineering.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that a reduced set of measurement items have reasonable psychometric properties and are useful inputs for multi-item measurement scale development and may provide a useful diagnostic and benchmarking tool for managers seeking to assess and/or improve their firm's service innovation expertise.
TL;DR: An overall model is proposed to illustrate how the stigma associated with psychological problems can prevent soldiers getting needed help for psychological difficulties and proposed interventions for reducing stigma in a civilian context are considered for military personnel.
Abstract: The present review addresses the perceived stigma associated with admitting a mental health problem and seeking help for that problem in the military. Evidence regarding the public stigma associated with mental disorders is reviewed, indicating that the public generally holds negative stereotypes toward individuals with psychological problems, leading to potential discrimination toward these individuals. The internalization of these negative beliefs results in self-stigma, leading to reduced self-esteem and motivation to seek help. Even if soldiers form an intention to seek help for their psychological difficulty, barriers to mental health care may prevent the soldier from receiving the help they need. An overall model is proposed to illustrate how the stigma associated with psychological problems can prevent soldiers getting needed help for psychological difficulties and proposed interventions for reducing stigma in a civilian context are considered for military personnel.
TL;DR: It is concluded that school districts should address cyber bullying through a combination of policies and information that are shared with students and parents and should include cyber bullying as part of their bullying prevention strategies and include classroom lessons that address reporting and bystander behavior.
TL;DR: This study reports on the molecular dynamics study of the translocation of fullerene C60 and its derivative C60(OH)20 across a model cell membrane (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or DPPC bilayer) and offers a mechanistic explanation of that difference and for the reduced acute toxicity of functionalized fullerenes.
Abstract: Obtaining an understanding, at the atomic level, of the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems has recently become an issue of great research interest. Here we report on the molecular dynamics study of the translocation of fullerene C60 and its derivative C60(OH)20 across a model cell membrane (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or DPPC bilayer). The simulation results indicate that, although a pristine C60 molecule can readily "jump" into the bilayer and translocate the membrane within a few milliseconds, the C60(OH)20 molecule can barely penetrate the bilayer. Indeed, the mean translocation time via diffusion for the C60(OH)20 molecule is several orders of magnitude longer than for the former. It was also determined that the two different forms of fullerenes, when adsorbed into/onto the bilayer, affected the membrane structure differently. This study offers a mechanistic explanation of that difference and for the reduced acute toxicity of functionalized fullerenes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the applications of basic, acidic, metallic, and redox catalysts for the removal of such byproducts and research strategies to prevent coke accumulation on the catalytic surface, to increase the resistance to sulfur poisoning and to bring the byproduct removal reactions to temperatures below 600°C.
Abstract: Gasification of biomass is a promising source of fuels and other chemical products. However, the removal of tars, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and other byproducts from the raw gas is required. The gas clean‐up technology that offers more advantages is hot catalytic gas conditioning downstream of the gasifier reactor. Here, we review the applications of basic, acidic, metallic, and redox catalysts for the removal of such by-products and research strategies to prevent coke accumulation on the catalytic surface, to increase the resistance to sulfur poisoning, and to bring the by‐product removal reactions to temperatures below 600°C.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed seismic fragility curves for nine classes of bridges (common three-span, zero-skew bridges with non-integral abutments) common to the central and southeastern United States.
Abstract: Seismic fragility curves for classes of highway bridges are essential for risk assessment of highway transportation networks exposed to seismic hazards. This study develops seismic fragility curves for nine classes of bridges (common three-span, zero-skew bridges with non-integral abutments) common to the central and southeastern United States. The methodology adopted uses 3-D analytical models and nonlinear time-history analyses. An important aspect of the selected methodology is that it considers the contribution of multiple bridge components. The results show that multispan steel girder bridges are the most vulnerable of the considered bridge classes while single-span bridges tend to be the least vulnerable. A comparison of the proposed fragility curves with those currently found in HAZUS-MH shows a strong agreement for the multispan simply supported steel girder bridge class. However, for other simply supported bridge classes (concrete girder, slab), the proposed fragility curves suggest a lower vulnerability level than presented in HAZUS-MH. DOI: 10.1193/1.2756815
TL;DR: This study extended previous examinations of aviation accidents to include specific aircrew, environmental, supervisory, and organizational factors associated with two types of commercial aviation accidents using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to extend previous examinations of aviation accidents to include specific aircrew, environmental, supervisory, and organizational factors associated with two ty...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the literature on six sigma as applied to the service industry, followed by a presentation of the key findings obtained from a pilot survey carried out in UK service organisations.
Abstract: Purpose – Six sigma has received considerable attention over the last four years in the UK service sector. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on six sigma as applied to the service industry, followed by a presentation of the key findings obtained from a pilot survey carried out in UK service organisations.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents some of the most common challenges, difficulties, common myths, and implementation issues in the application of six sigma in service industry settings. It also discusses the benefits of six sigma in service organisations, tools and techniques of six sigma for service performance improvement, key criteria for the selection of winning projects, followed by the results of a six sigma pilot survey in UK service organisations.
Findings – The results of the study show that the majority of service organisations in the UK have been engaged in a six sigma initiative for just over three years. The average sigma quality level of the companies was around 2.8 (approximately 98,000 DPMO). Management commitment and involvement, customer focus, linking six sigma to business strategy, organisational infrastructure, project management skills, and understanding of the six sigma methodology are the most critical factors for the successful introduction, development and deployment of six sigma.
Originality/value – This paper reports the first study on the status of six sigma implementation in UK service organisations. The findings and key observations of this paper will be of immense value to the six sigma academic and research community.
TL;DR: Porcine skin collagen was hydrolyzed by different protease treatments to obtain antioxidative peptides, and this data adds further support to its feasibility as a provider of natural antioxidants from porcineskin collagen protein.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use theory and methods from complexity science to examine dynamic patterns among activities undertaken by nascent entrepreneurs in the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, and they develop hypotheses predicting that certain dynamic patterns in start-up activities will lead to the emergence of new firms when: (1) the rate of startup activities is high, (2) start-out activities are spread out over time, and (3) start up activities are concentrated later rather than earlier over time.
TL;DR: In this article, a genome analysis of the recently completed genome sequence of Methanosaeta thermophila confirms that the majority of core steps of the pathway are similar in both genera, but striking differences have been discovered in electron transfer and energy conservation.
TL;DR: A list of all crayfishes in the United States and Canada that includes common names; state and provincial distributions; a comprehensive review of the conservation status of all taxa; and references on biology, conservation, and distribution is provided.
Abstract: The American Fisheries Society Endangered Species Committee herein provides a list of all crayfishes (families Astacidae and Cambaridae) in the United States and Canada that includes common names; state and provincial distributions; a comprehensive review of the conservation status of all taxa; and references on biology, conservation, and distribution. The list includes 363 native crayfishes, of which 2 (⟨ 1%) taxa are listed as Endangered, Possibly Extinct, 66 (18.2%) are Endangered, 52 (14.3%) are Threatened, 54 (14–9%) are Vulnerable, and 189 (52.1%) are Currently Stable. Limited natural range continues to be the primary factor responsible for the noted imperilment of crayfishes; other threats include the introduction of nonindigenous crayfishes and habitat alteration. While progress has been made in recognizing the plight of crayfishes, much work is still needed.
TL;DR: A special issue on entrepreneurial narrative that provides theoretical and empirical links between scholarship in narrative and entrepreneurship as well as demonstrates how theories and methods in narrative may be applied to the study of entrepreneurship as a phenomenon is presented in this paper.
TL;DR: As a new class of two-photon fluorescent probes, CPdots exhibit two-Photon action cross sections as high as 2.0 × 105 GM, to the authors' knowledge, the largest reported thus far for a nanoparticle.
Abstract: We report on the two-photon excited fluorescence of conjugated polymer dots (CPdots). As a new class of two-photon fluorescent probes, CPdots exhibit two-photon action cross sections as high as 2.0 × 105 GM, to our knowledge, the largest reported thus far for a nanoparticle. The cross section values are 3−4 orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional fluorescent dyes and an order of magnitude higher than those of inorganic quantum dots. Single particle fluorescence imaging was achieved using relatively low laser power.