Clemson University

About: Clemson University is a education organization based out in Clemson, South Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Control theory. The organization has 20556 authors who have published 42518 publications receiving 1170779 citations. The organization is also known as: Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina.

An Examination of Recreationists' Relationships with Activities and Settings

Abstract: The place attachment construct has demonstrated utility for explaining a variety of leisure behavior in outdoor recreation contexts. Preliminary evidence suggests that recreationists' involvement with leisure activities is an antecedent to their attachment to specific settings. Multidimensional measures of these constructs, however, indicate that linear interpretations of their relations may be misleading. Given that both involvement and place attachment examine recreationists' association with activities and settings, the potential for variation among activity and setting types is high. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to further examine the relationship between involvement and place attachment for hikers along the Appalachian Trail, boaters (i.e., kayakers and rafters) along the South Fork of the American River in California, and anglers in New England. The results illustrated that recreationists' relationships with activities and settings varied among the three groups examined. That is, the ...

Insect biodiversity : science and society

Abstract: Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction Peter H. Adler and Robert G. Foottit . 2. The Importance of Insects G.G.E. Scudder . Part I. Insect Biodiversity: Regional Examples . 3. Insect Biodiversity in the Nearctic Region Andrew B. T. Smith and Hugh V. Danks. 4. Amazonian Rainforests and Their Richness of Coleoptera, a Dominant Life Form in the Critical Zone of the Neotropics Terry L. Erwin and Christy J. Geraci. 5. Insect Biodiversity in the Afrotropical Region C.H. Scholtz and M.W. Mansell . 6. Biodiversity of Australasian Insects Peter S. Cranston . 7. Insect Biodiversity in the Palearctic Region Alexander S. Konstantinov, Boris A. Korotyaev and Mark G. Volkovitsh. Part II. Insect Biodiversity: Taxon Examples. 8. Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects John C. Morse. 9. Biodiversity of Diptera G.W. Courtney, T. Pape, J.H. Skevington and B.J. Sinclair . 10. Biodiversity of Heteroptera Thomas J. Henry. 11. Biodiversity of Coleoptera P. Bouchard, V.V. Grebennikov, A.B.T. Smith and H. Douglas. 12. Biodiversity of Hymenoptera John T. Huber . 13. Lepidoptera Biodiversity Michael G. Pogue. Part III. Tools and Approaches . 14. The Science of Insect Taxonomy: Prospects and Needs Quentin D. Wheeler . 15. Insect Species - Concepts and Practice Michael F. Claridge . 16. Molecular Dimensions of Insect Taxonomy Felix Sperling and Amanda Roe . 17. DNA Barcodes and Insect Biodiversity Robin M. Floyd, John J. Wilson, Paul D. N. Hebert . 18. Insect Biodiversity and Informatics Norman F. Johnson . 19. Parasitoid Diversity and Insect Pest Management John Heraty . 20. Taxonomy of Crop Pests: The Aphids Gary L. Miller and Robert G. Foottit . 21. Adventive Insects: A Global Overview Alfred G. Wheeler, Jr. and E. Richard Hoebeke . 22. Biodiversity of Biting Flies: Implications for Humanity Peter H. Adler . 23. Reconciling Ethical and Scientific Issues for Insect Conservation Michael J. Samways . 24. Insect Biodiversity: Assessment and Taxonomy Ke Chung Kim. 25. Insect Biodiversity - Millions and Millions May Berenbaum. Taxonomic Index. Subject Index

Transesterification of poultry fat with methanol using Mg–Al hydrotalcite derived catalysts

Abstract: The synthesis of biodiesel from poultry fats provides a way to convert the by-product of a renewable resource to a very important value-added biofuel. In this work, the use of heterogeneous base catalysts derived from Mg–Al hydrotalcite was investigated for the conversion of poultry lipids to biodiesel. This solid base showed high activity for triglyceride (TG) transesterification with methanol without signs of catalyst leaching. Catalytic performance was significantly affected by pretreatment and operating conditions. Calcination at optimum temperature was key in obtaining the highest catalyst activities. Rehydration of the calcined catalyst before reaction using wet nitrogen decreased catalytic activity for the transesterification of poultry fat, opposite to what has been reported for condensation reactions. Also, methanol had to be contacted with the catalyst before reaction; otherwise, catalyst activity was seriously impaired by strong adsorption of triglycerides on the active sites. Both temperature (60–120 °C) and methanol-to-lipid molar ratio (6:1–60:1) affected the reaction rate in a positive manner. The use of a co-solvent (hexane, toluene, THF), however, gave rise to a change in TG conversion profile which cannot be explained solely by a dilution effect. The catalyst underwent significant deactivation during the first reaction cycle probably due to deactivation of the strongest base sites. Subsequent reaction cycles showed stable activity. By re-calcination in air, complete catalyst regeneration was achieved.

Rutting Resistance of Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Pavements Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures

Abstract: Improved understanding of rutting resistance of a rubberized asphalt concrete pavement that contains reclaimed asphalt pavement RAP is important to stimulating the use of rubberized asphalt mixtures. Use of RAP in the past has proved to be economical, environmentally sound, and effective in increasing the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. Rubberized asphalt has been used success- fully in improving the mechanical characteristics, such as rutting resistance, of typical hot mix asphalt HMA mixture around the country and the world. The objective of this research was to investigate the rutting resistance characteristics of the rubberized asphalt mixtures through a laboratory testing program. The experimental design included use of two rubber types ambient and cryogenically produced, four rubber contents, and three crumb rubber sizes. The results of the experiments indicated that the use of RAP and crumb rubber in the HMA can effectively improve the rut resistance of these mixes.

Quantum dot solar cells

Abstract: Quantum dot (QD)-based solar cells have been the subject of over two decades of research with the hopes of increasing their efficiency to surpass single junction solar cells. To date, no single working device has been developed that surpasses the efficiency of a single junction solar cell. Fundamental issues including unrealistic assumptions involved in theoretical work, tendency of stretching observed experimental results, and lack of both process and dimension control at nanoscale exist with QD-based solar cells making them unlikely to play a significant role in the manufacturing of future generations of PV modules. Silicon (Si)-based photovoltaics (PV) manufacturing will continue to provide sustained growth of the PV industry. This paper presents a review of the fundamental problems associated with QD-based solar cells.