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Institution

Clemson University

EducationClemson, South Carolina, United States
About: Clemson University is a education organization based out in Clemson, South Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Control theory. The organization has 20556 authors who have published 42518 publications receiving 1170779 citations. The organization is also known as: Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of JWH018 on neurotransmission in cultured autaptic hippocampal neurons were investigated, and it was shown that the indole derivative is a ligand for the CB1 (CB1) cannabinoid receptor and inhibits cAMP production in CB1 receptor-expressing CHO cells.
Abstract: Background and purpose: ‘Spice’ is an herbal blend primarily marketed in Europe as a mild hallucinogen with prominent cannabis-like effects and as a legal alternative to cannabis. However, a recent report identified a number of synthetic additives in samples of ‘Spice’. One of these, the indole derivative JWH018, is a ligand for the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) cannabinoid receptor and inhibits cAMP production in CB1 receptor-expressing CHO cells. Other effects of JWH018 on CB1 receptor-mediated signalling are not known, particularly in neurons. Here we have evaluated the signalling pathways activated by JWH018 at CB1 receptors. Experimental approach: We investigated the effects of JWH018 on neurotransmission in cultured autaptic hippocampal neurons. We further analysed its activation of ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and internalization of CB1 receptors in HEK293 cells stably expressing this receptor. Key results: In cultured autaptic hippocampal neurons, JWH018 potently inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (IC50= 14.9 nM) in a concentration- and CB1 receptor-dependent manner. Furthermore, it increased ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation (EC50= 4.4 nM). We also found that JWH018 potently induced rapid and robust CB1 receptor internalization (EC50= 2.8 nM; t1/2= 17.3 min). Conclusions and implications: JWH018, a prominent component of several herbal preparations marketed for their psychoactivity, is a potent and effective CB1 receptor agonist that activates multiple CB1 receptor signalling pathways. Thus, it is likely that the subjective effects of ‘Spice’ are due to activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors by JWH018, added to this herbal preparation.

242 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sufficiency of a hydrophobic surface to induce appressorium formation in vitro for a collection of M. grisea isolates is reported and a working model of infection related morphogenesis of the plant surface is presented.

242 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the complete sequence of a 261-kb BAC contig from barley cv Morex that spans the powdery mildew resistance locus.
Abstract: Genes that confer defense against pathogens often are clustered in the genome and evolve via diverse mechanisms. To evaluate the organization and content of a major defense gene complex in cereals, we determined the complete sequence of a 261-kb BAC contig from barley cv Morex that spans the Mla (powdery mildew) resistance locus. Among the 32 predicted genes on this contig, 15 are associated with plant defense responses; 6 of these are associated with defense responses to powdery mildew disease but function in different signaling pathways. The Mla region is organized as three gene-rich islands separated by two nested complexes of transposable elements and a 45-kb gene-poor region. A heterochromatic-like region is positioned directly proximal to Mla and is composed of a gene-poor core with 17 families of diverse tandem repeats that overlap a hypermethylated, but transcriptionally active, gene-dense island. Paleontology analysis of long terminal repeat retrotransposons indicates that the present Mla region evolved over a period of >7 million years through a variety of duplication, inversion, and transposon-insertion events. Sequence-based recombination estimates indicate that R genes positioned adjacent to nested long terminal repeat retrotransposons, such as Mla, do not favor recombination as a means of diversification. We present a model for the evolution of the Mla region that encompasses several emerging features of large cereal genomes.

242 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aims of this article are to discuss vinegar history, production, varieties, acetic acid bacteria, and functional properties of vinegars.
Abstract: A variety of natural vinegar products are found in civilizations around the world. A review of research on these fermented products indicates numerous reports of health benefits derived by consumption of vinegar components. Therapeutic effects of vinegar arising from consuming the inherent bioactive components including acetic acid, gallic acid, catechin, ephicatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid cause antioxidative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antitumor, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering responses. The aims of this article are to discuss vinegar history, production, varieties, acetic acid bacteria, and functional properties of vinegars.

242 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of the impact of safety climate beyond safety outcomes among lone workers using truck drivers as an exemplar showed that employees' safety climate perceptions were linked to employees' level of job satisfaction, engagement, and objective turnover rate, thus supporting the application of social exchange theory.

241 citations


Authors

Showing all 20718 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yury Gogotsi171956144520
Philip S. Yu1481914107374
Aaron Dominguez1471968113224
Danny Miller13351271238
Marco Ajello13153558714
David C. Montefiori12992070049
Frank L. Lewis114104560497
Jianqing Fan10448858039
Wei Chen103143844994
Ken A. Dill9940141289
Gerald Schubert9861434505
Rod A. Wing9833347696
Feng Chen95213853881
Jimin George9433162684
François Diederich9384346906
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202363
2022253
20212,407
20202,362
20192,080
20181,978