Clemson University

About: Clemson University is a education organization based out in Clemson, South Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Control theory. The organization has 20556 authors who have published 42518 publications receiving 1170779 citations. The organization is also known as: Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina.

Implications of peptide assemblies in amyloid diseases

Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes are global epidemics compromising the quality of life of millions worldwide, with profound social and economic implications. Despite the significant differences in pathology – much of which are poorly understood – these diseases are commonly characterized by the presence of cross-β amyloid fibrils as well as the loss of neuronal or pancreatic β-cells. In this review, we document research progress on the molecular and mesoscopic self-assembly of amyloid-beta, alpha synuclein, human islet amyloid polypeptide and prions, the peptides and proteins associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type 2 diabetes and prion diseases. In addition, we discuss the toxicities of these amyloid proteins based on their self-assembly as well as their interactions with membranes, metal ions, small molecules and engineered nanoparticles. Through this presentation we show the remarkable similarities and differences in the structural transitions of the amyloid proteins through primary and secondary nucleation, the common evolution from disordered monomers to alpha-helices and then to β-sheets when the proteins encounter the cell membrane, and, the consensus (with a few exceptions) that off-pathway oligomers, rather than amyloid fibrils, are the toxic species regardless of the pathogenic protein sequence or physicochemical properties. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of molecular self-assembly in eliciting the biological and pathological consequences of the amyloid proteins within the context of their cellular environments and their spreading between cells and organs. Exploiting such structure–function–toxicity relationship may prove pivotal for the detection and mitigation of amyloid diseases.

Robotics and Automation Handbook

Abstract: The History of Robotics, Wesley L. Stone Rigid-Body Kinematics, Gregorg S. Chirikjian Inverse Kinematics, Bill Goodwine Newton-Euler Dynamics of Robots, Mark L. Nagurka Lagrangian Dynamics, Milo?s ? Zefran and Francesco Bullo Kane's Method in Robotics, Keith W. Buffinton The Dynamics of Systems of Interacting Rigid Bodies, Kenneth A. Loparo and Ioannis S. Vakalis D-H Convention, Jaydev P. Desai Trajectory Planning for Flexible Robots, William E. Singhose Error Budgeting, Daniel D. Frey Design of Robotic End Effectors, Hodge Jenkins Sensors, Jeanne Sullivan Falcon Precision Positioning of Rotary and Linear Systems, Stephen Ludwick Modeling and Identification for Robot Motion Control, Dragan Kosti'c, Bram de Jager, and Maarten Steinbuch Motion Control by Linear Feedback Methods, Dragan Kosti'c, Bram de Jager, and Maarten Steinbuch Force/Impedance Control for Robotic Manipulators, Siddharth P. Nagarkatti and Darren M. Dawson Robust and Adaptive Motion Control of Manipulators, Mark W. Spong Sliding Mode Control of Robotic Manipulators, Hector M. Gutierrez Impedance and Interaction Control, Neville Hogan and Stephen P. Buerger Coordinated Motion Control of Multiple Manipulators, Kazuhiro Kosuge and Yasuhisa Hirata Robot Simulation, Lonnie J. Love Survey of Geometric Vision, Kun Huang and Yi Ma Haptic Interface to Virtual Environments, R. Brent Gillespie Flexible Robot Arms, Wayne J. Book Robotics in Medical Applications, Chris A. Raanes and Mohan Bodduluri Manufacturing Automation, Hodge Jenkins

Incentives That Induce Task-Related Effort, Helping, and Knowledge Sharing in Workgroups

Abstract: Cooperation and coordination among employees can yield significant productivity gains. In this study, we explore the design of optimal incentive systems that induce task-related effort, helping, and knowledge sharing within workgroups. We identify three distinct types of employee linkages that must be accommodated in the design of effective incentive systems: (1) outcome linkages, whereby the outcome of one employee's task is influenced by that of another; (2) help linkages, whereby each employee can directly expend effort on helping another; and (3) knowledge linkages, whereby each employee can share job-related knowledge with another. We analytically investigate the effect of each type of employee linkage, and some combinations of these linkages, on the optimal design of incentive systems. Our analytical results demonstrate how, by optimally weighting individual-level and workgroup-level incentives, managers can balance the need to induce cooperation and coordination among employees with the need to manage employees' incentive-related risk. Counter to conventional wisdom, we also demonstrate that both group and individual incentives are necessary to facilitate cooperative behaviors such as knowledge sharing in workgroups. Further, we empirically test some of the insights developed from the analytical models; our empirical findings support these analytical results.