Institution
Clinical Trial Service Unit
About: Clinical Trial Service Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stroke. The organization has 428 authors who have published 1387 publications receiving 181920 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: This study provides further evidence of shared genetic architecture for type 2 diabetes between Europeans and East Asians and indicates that even very large GWAS meta-analyses may be vulnerable to substantial inflation of effect size estimates, compared with those observed in large-scale population-based cohort studies.
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered many risk variants for type 2 diabetes. However, estimates of the contributions of risk variants to type 2 diabetes predisposition are often based on highly selected case–control samples, and reliable estimates of population-level effect sizes are missing, especially in non-European populations.
40 citations
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the association between tea consumption and the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and found that daily tea consumption was associated with reduced risk of IHD and MCE.
Abstract: Objective To prospectively examine the association between tea consumption and the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Methods Prospective study using the China Kadoorie Biobank; participants from 10 areas across China were enrolled during 2004–2008 and followed up until 31 December 2013. After excluding participants with cancer, heart disease and stroke at baseline, the present study included 199 293 men and 288 082 women aged 30–79 years at baseline. Information on IHD incidence was collected through disease registries and the new national health insurance databases. Results During a median follow-up of 7.2 years, we documented 24 665 (7.19 cases/1000 person-years) incident IHD cases and 3959 (1.13 cases/1000 person-years) major coronary events (MCEs). Tea consumption was associated with reduced risk of IHD and MCE. In the whole cohort, compared with participants who never consumed tea during the past 12 months, the multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for less than daily and daily tea consumers were 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) and 0.92 (0.88 to 0.95) for IHD, 0.92 (0.85 to 1.00) and 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) for MCE. No linear trends in the HRs across the amount of tea were observed in daily consumers for IHD and MCE (P Linear >0.05). The inverse association between tea consumption and IHD was stronger in rural (P Interaction 0.006 for IHD, Interaction 0.012 for MCE) and non-diabetes participants (P Interaction 0.004 for IHD). Conclusions In this large prospective study, daily tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of IHD.
40 citations
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University of Tartu1, University of Bristol2, University of Oxford3, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute4, Sahlgrenska University Hospital5, Harvard University6, Broad Institute7, Clinical Trial Service Unit8, University of Copenhagen9, Washington University in St. Louis10, Odense University Hospital11, Aarhus University12, Lundbeck13, Statens Serum Institut14, University of Bergen15, Norwegian Institute of Public Health16, South China University of Technology17, Haukeland University Hospital18, University of Gothenburg19, University of Queensland20, University of Liverpool21, Aarhus University Hospital22, Copenhagen University Hospital23, Queensland University of Technology24, University Medical Center Groningen25, Mental Health Services26, Peking University27, University of California, Berkeley28
TL;DR: The results show that miscarriage etiopathogenesis is partly driven by genetic variation potentially related to placental biology, and illustrate the utility of large-scale biobank data for understanding this pregnancy complication.
Abstract: Miscarriage is a common, complex trait affecting ~15% of clinically confirmed pregnancies. Here we present the results of large-scale genetic association analyses with 69,054 cases from five different ancestries for sporadic miscarriage, 750 cases of European ancestry for multiple (≥3) consecutive miscarriage, and up to 359,469 female controls. We identify one genome-wide significant association (rs146350366, minor allele frequency (MAF) 1.2%, P = 3.2 × 10-8, odds ratio (OR) = 1.4) for sporadic miscarriage in our European ancestry meta-analysis and three genome-wide significant associations for multiple consecutive miscarriage (rs7859844, MAF = 6.4%, P = 1.3 × 10-8, OR = 1.7; rs143445068, MAF = 0.8%, P = 5.2 × 10-9, OR = 3.4; rs183453668, MAF = 0.5%, P = 2.8 × 10-8, OR = 3.8). We further investigate the genetic architecture of miscarriage with biobank-scale Mendelian randomization, heritability, and genetic correlation analyses. Our results show that miscarriage etiopathogenesis is partly driven by genetic variation potentially related to placental biology, and illustrate the utility of large-scale biobank data for understanding this pregnancy complication.
40 citations
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McGill University1, University of Bristol2, University of Queensland3, University of Gothenburg4, California Pacific Medical Center5, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center6, Erasmus University Rotterdam7, Australian Catholic University8, University of Sheffield9, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust10, University of Southampton11, Lund University12, National Institute for Health Research13, Clinical Trial Service Unit14, Oregon Health & Science University15, University of Manitoba16, King's College London17
TL;DR: The results suggest that the use of a polygenic risk score in fracture risk screening could decrease the number of individuals requiring screening tests, including BMD measurement, while maintaining a high sensitivity and specificity to identify individuals who should be recommended an intervention.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since screening programs identify only a small proportion of the population as eligible for an intervention, genomic prediction of heritable risk factors could decrease the number needing to be screened by removing individuals at low genetic risk. We therefore tested whether a polygenic risk score for heel quantitative ultrasound speed of sound (SOS)-a heritable risk factor for osteoporotic fracture-can identify low-risk individuals who can safely be excluded from a fracture risk screening program. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A polygenic risk score for SOS was trained and selected in 2 separate subsets of UK Biobank (comprising 341,449 and 5,335 individuals). The top-performing prediction model was termed "gSOS", and its utility in fracture risk screening was tested in 5 validation cohorts using the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group clinical guidelines (N = 10,522 eligible participants). All individuals were genome-wide genotyped and had measured fracture risk factors. Across the 5 cohorts, the average age ranged from 57 to 75 years, and 54% of studied individuals were women. The main outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity to correctly identify individuals requiring treatment with and without genetic prescreening. The reference standard was a bone mineral density (BMD)-based Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) score. The secondary outcomes were the proportions of the screened population requiring clinical-risk-factor-based FRAX (CRF-FRAX) screening and BMD-based FRAX (BMD-FRAX) screening. gSOS was strongly correlated with measured SOS (r2 = 23.2%, 95% CI 22.7% to 23.7%). Without genetic prescreening, guideline recommendations achieved a sensitivity and specificity for correct treatment assignment of 99.6% and 97.1%, respectively, in the validation cohorts. However, 81% of the population required CRF-FRAX tests, and 37% required BMD-FRAX tests to achieve this accuracy. Using gSOS in prescreening and limiting further assessment to those with a low gSOS resulted in small changes to the sensitivity and specificity (93.4% and 98.5%, respectively), but the proportions of individuals requiring CRF-FRAX tests and BMD-FRAX tests were reduced by 37% and 41%, respectively. Study limitations include a reliance on cohorts of predominantly European ethnicity and use of a proxy of fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the use of a polygenic risk score in fracture risk screening could decrease the number of individuals requiring screening tests, including BMD measurement, while maintaining a high sensitivity and specificity to identify individuals who should be recommended an intervention.
40 citations
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TL;DR: More reliable estimates of the risk of lung cancer resulting from radon are needed to enable appropriate policies to be developed for managing the consequences of exposure to radon.
Abstract: Surveys of indoor radon concentrations, when taken together with estimates of the risk of lung cancer from studies in miners of uranium and other hard rocks, suggest that residential radon is responsible for many thousands of deaths from lung cancer each year in Europe. The vast majority of these deaths are likely to occur in individuals who also smoke cigarettes. Because of the skewed nature of the distribution of the indoor radon concentrations in most populations, most of the deaths will occur in individuals who are exposed at moderate rather than at very high radon concentrations. In order to enable appropriate policies to be developed for managing the consequences of exposure to radon, more reliable estimates of the risk of lung cancer resulting from it are needed. To achieve this, a European Collaborative Group on Residential Radon and Lung Cancer was initiated and its findings should be published in 2004.
40 citations
Authors
Showing all 428 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Salim Yusuf | 231 | 1439 | 252912 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
Timothy J. Key | 146 | 808 | 90810 |
John Danesh | 135 | 394 | 100132 |
Andrew J.S. Coats | 127 | 820 | 94490 |
Valerie Beral | 114 | 471 | 53729 |
Mike Clarke | 113 | 1037 | 164328 |
Robert Clarke | 111 | 512 | 90049 |
Robert U. Newton | 109 | 753 | 42527 |
Richard Gray | 109 | 808 | 78580 |
Braxton D. Mitchell | 102 | 558 | 49599 |
Naomi E. Allen | 101 | 364 | 37057 |