Clinical Trial Service Unit

About: Clinical Trial Service Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stroke. The organization has 428 authors who have published 1387 publications receiving 181920 citations.

Age at natural menopause and risk of diabetes in adult women: Findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank study in the Zhejiang area.

Abstract: Aims There has been considerable professional debate on the association between age at menopause and diabetes risk, while the findings are controversial. This study explored the association between late menopause and the prevalence of diabetes in the Chinese population. Material and Methods The data were part of the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank from Zhejiang Province. A total of 17,076 postmenopausal women were included in the present study. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of the participating women, 1,288 (7.54%) had type 2 diabetes. In comparison with those with menopause at 46-52 years, women with menopause at a later age (≥ 53 years) were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.03-1.43) times more likely to have diabetes. Conclusions Our findings suggested that later age at menopause was associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Meta-Analysis of Anticoagulation Use, Stroke, Thromboembolism, Bleeding, and Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Dialysis

Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients on dialysis. Although randomized trials of anticoagulation for AF have demonstrated striking reductions in stroke, these trials did not recruit patients on dialysis. We thus undertook this systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies including patients with AF on dialysis that reported associations of anticoagulation use. Twenty studies involving 529,741 subjects and 31,321 patients with AF on dialysis were identified. Anticoagulation was associated with a 45% (95% CI 13% to 88%) increased risk of any stroke, reflecting a nonsignificant 13% (95% CI −4% to 34%) increased ischemic stroke risk and 38% (95% CI 3% to 85%) increased hemorrhagic stroke risk. There was also a 44% (95% CI 38% to 56%) lower risk of any thromboembolism, and a 31% (95% CI 12% to 53%) increased risk of any bleeding but no clear association with cardiovascular death (relative risk 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.15) or all-cause mortality (relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.04). Incident event rates were similar or worse in patients on anticoagulation. In conclusion, these observational analyses provide little supporting evidence of benefit, and instead suggest harm, from anticoagulation in patients on dialysis with AF. These results raise the possibility that the effects of anticoagulation in patients with AF on dialysis may not be similar to the clear benefit of anticoagulation seen in patients with AF without end-stage renal disease. Randomized trials are required to definitively evaluate the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation for AF in the dialysis setting.

Reliable Measurement of Glycated Hemoglobin in Frozen Blood Samples: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies

Abstract: Appropriately reliable estimates of the quantitative importance of various risk factors for chronic diseases and of the nature of any interactions between them may require epidemiologic studies involving several thousand “cases” of a disease. Blood-based epidemiologic studies on this scale can be facilitated by practicable methods for collection, storage, and analysis of very large numbers of samples. For example, although assessment of diabetic status using blood glucose concentration may require fasted samples, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) provides a measure of average glycemic control over the preceding months that can be determined reliably in nonfasted blood (1), which is more convenient for large-scale studies. HbA1c has, however, traditionally been measured in fresh whole blood, which has precluded its analysis in frozen samples stored in epidemiologic studies for future assays. In the present study, we investigated the measurement of HbA1c in frozen “buffy coat” samples (aliquots of white blood cells, taken from …

Association of low-activity ALDH2 and alcohol consumption with risk of esophageal cancer in Chinese adults: A population-based cohort study.

Abstract: Existing evidence remains inconclusive as to how the association between inactive ALDH2 and esophageal cancer (EC) depends on alcohol consumption. The study is based on the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort, with 10 years follow-up of 0.5 million adults aged 30-79 years. ALDH2 activity was assessed by both self-reported flushing response and Glu504Lys (rs671 G > A) polymorphism. Among both male and female participants who consumed alcohol less than weekly (n = 69,519; 211 EC cases), low active or inactive ALDH2 was not associated with increased EC risk [HRs (95% CIs): GA vs. GG 0.75 (0.54, 1.04); AA vs. GG 1.01 (0.46, 2.20)]. Among male weekly alcohol consumers, both flushing response [n = 59,380; 501 EC cases; HRs (95% CIs): "soon after drinking" vs. "no" flushing response 1.45 (1.05, 2.01)] and rs671 [n = 10,692; 94 EC cases; GA vs. GG 3.31 (1.94, 5.67)] were associated with EC risk. The increased EC risk associated with "soon" response or rs671 GA was apparent in men consuming alcohol ≥30g/d. Among male daily consumers, the HRs (95% CIs) for EC associated with 15g/d of alcohol were 1.28 (1.15, 1.44) for "soon" response [vs. other responses: 1.12 (1.09, 1.15); pinteraction = 0.047; n = 36,401, 425 EC cases] and 1.41 (1.08, 1.82) for rs671 GA [vs. GG: 1.16 (1.06, 1.27); pinteraction = 0.493; n = 6,607, 80 EC cases]. Self-reported flushing response had low sensitivity (56.8%) and high specificity (88.4%) in identifying rs671 A allele among male weekly alcohol consumers. In conclusion, low-activity ALDH2 was associated with increased EC risk among male heavy alcohol consumers. More accurate measurement of alcohol-related EC risk allows better achievement of precision prevention.

Associations of Total Legume, Pulse, and Soy Consumption with Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Federated Meta-Analysis of 27 Studies from Diverse World Regions.

Abstract: Funding for the InterConnect project was provided by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 602068. Additionally, investigators acknowledge funding from the following agencies: NJW, NGF, FI, and MP acknowledge funding from the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_12015/1 and MC_UU_12015/5); NJW and NGF acknowledge support from National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge: Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle Research Theme (IS-BRC-1215-20014). TB acknowledges funding from EUCAN-Connect under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 824989). MBR and MAMG acknowledge funding from the Spanish Government Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (PI17/01795). JK acknowledges funding from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry for Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (4845-301 and 4851-302), and the Collaborative Genome Program for Fostering New Post-Genome Industry of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2017M3C9A6047623). RM acknowledges funding from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 81/15), Cancer Research UK (grant number: C20/A5860), the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, NIH, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. LB acknowledges that the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) are part of the Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-Based Life-Course and Environmental Research (SIMPLER), which receives funding from the Swedish Research Council (2017-00644). BD is an investigator of the Brazilian National Health Technology Assessment Institute and SC received a fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Fund (FEDER) (PI17/01795). The Zutphen Elderly Study was funded by The Netherlands Prevention Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands and the National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA. The funding sources did not participate in the design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.