Clinical Trial Service Unit

About: Clinical Trial Service Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stroke. The organization has 428 authors who have published 1387 publications receiving 181920 citations.

Pediatric, elderly, and emerging adult‐onset peaks in Burkitt's lymphoma incidence diagnosed in four continents, excluding Africa

Abstract: Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the general population and immunosuppressed persons with AIDS in the United States was characterized by three age-specific incidence peaks near 10, 40, and 70 years. We hypothesized that BL from different geographical areas may exhibit pediatric, adult, and elderly age incidence peaks. We investigated this hypothesis using data on 3,403 cases obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (1963-2002). Data from Africa were sparse or incomplete, and thus were excluded. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and age-specific incidence rates were calculated, supplemented with the calculations performed using age-period-cohort (APC) models. The ASR rose 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-5.6) per year in males and 4.6% (95% CI, 4.5-4.8) in females. The ASR increased gradually in children, steeply in adults and most rapidly in the elderly both in males and in females. Overall, BL male/female ASR ratio was 2.5, but it declined from 3.1 (95% CI, 3.0-3.3) for pediatric BL to 2.3 (95% CI, 2.2-2.4) for adult BL and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4-1.6) for elderly BL. Age-specific incidence peaks occurred near 10 and 70 years in all regions and periods. A peak near 40 years of age emerged in the mid-1990s, particularly in men. Findings using APC models confirmed those based on the standard analyses. Our findings, based on the international BL cases, support our hypothesis that BL is multimodal and that BL peaks at different ages may be clues to differences in the etiology and/or biology of BL at those ages.

Folate and vitamin B12 status in relation to cognitive impairment and anaemia in the setting of voluntary fortification in the UK.

Abstract: Concerns about risks for older people with vitamin B12 deficiency have delayed the introduction of mandatory folic acid fortification in the UK. We examined the risks of anaemia and cognitive impairment in older people with low B12 and high folate status in the setting of voluntary fortification in the UK. Data were obtained from two cross-sectional studies (n 2403) conducted in Oxford city and Banbury in 1995 and 2003, respectively. Associations (OR and 95 % CI) of cognitive impairment and of anaemia with low B12 status (holotranscobalamin 30 nmol/l or >60 nmol/l) were estimated after adjustment for age, sex, smoking and study. Mean serum folate levels increased from 15.8 (sd 14.7) nmol/l in 1995 to 31.1 (sd 26.2) nmol/l in 2003. Serum folate levels were greater than 30 nmol/l in 9 % and greater than 60 nmol/l in 5 %. The association of cognitive impairment with low B12 status was unaffected by high v. low folate status (>30 nmol/l) (OR 1.50 (95 % CI 0.91, 2.46) v. 1.45 (95 % CI 1.19, 1.76)), respectively. The associations of cognitive impairment with low B12 status were also similar using the higher cut-off point of 60 nmol/l for folate status ((OR 2.46; 95 % CI 0.90, 6.71) v. (1.56; 95 % CI 1.30, 1.88)). There was no evidence of modification by high folate status of the associations of low B12 with anaemia or cognitive impairment in the setting of voluntary fortification, but periodic surveys are needed to monitor fortification.