Institution
Collège de France
Education•Paris, France•
About: Collège de France is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Dopamine. The organization has 6541 authors who have published 11983 publications receiving 648742 citations. The organization is also known as: College de France.
Topics: Population, Dopamine, Dopaminergic, Receptor, Neural crest
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The Hox-3.1 coding sequence was replaced with the E. coli lacZ gene by means of homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells and thus produced null mutant mice and several skeletal segments were transformed into the likeness of more anterior ones, as observed in Drosophila with loss-of-function homeotic mutations.
351 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid waveform-inversion approach was employed to combine the accuracy and generality of the spectral finite element method (SEM) for forward modeling of the global wavefield, with non-linear asymptotic coupling theory for efficient inverse modelling.
Abstract: S U M M A R Y The radially anisotropic shear velocity structure of the Earth’s mantle provides a critical window on the interior dynamics of the planet, with isotropic variations that are interpreted in terms of thermal and compositional heterogeneity and anisotropy in terms of flow. While significant progress has been made in the more than 30 yr since the advent of global seismic tomography, many open questions remain regarding the dual roles of temperature and composition in shaping mantle convection, as well as interactions between different dominant scales of convective phenomena. We believe that advanced seismic imaging techniques, such as waveform inversion using accurate numerical simulations of the seismic wavefield, represent a clear path forwards towards addressing these open questions through application to whole-mantle imaging. To this end, we employ a ‘hybrid’ waveform-inversion approach, which combines the accuracy and generality of the spectral finite element method (SEM) for forward modelling of the global wavefield, with non-linear asymptotic coupling theory for efficient inverse modelling. The resulting whole-mantle model (SEMUCB-WM1) builds on the earlier successful application of these techniques for global modelling at upper mantle and transition-zone depths (≤800 km) which delivered the models SEMum and SEMum2. Indeed, SEMUCB-WM1 is the first whole-mantle model derived from fully numerical SEM-based forward modelling. Here, we detail the technical aspects of the development of our wholemantle model, as well as provide a broad discussion of isotropic and radially anisotropic model structure. We also include an extensive discussion of model uncertainties, specifically focused on assessing our results at transition-zone and lower-mantle depths.
351 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that this enhancer plays an important role in the early establishment of the Hoxa-1 anterior expression boundary in the neural plate, providing strong evidence for direct control of Hox gene function by retinoids during normal development.
Abstract: Retinoids are essential for normal development and both deficiency and excess of retinoic acid (RA) are teratogenic. Retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) have been identified in Hox gene promoters suggesting that endogenous retinoids may be involved in the direct control of Hox gene patterning functions. In order to test this hypothesis, we have mutated the Hoxa-1 3′RARE using the Cre-loxP targeting strategy, and studied its functional role during mouse development. We find that this enhancer plays an important role in the early establishment of the Hoxa-1 anterior expression boundary in the neural plate. This early disturbance in Hoxa-1 activation results in rhombomere and cranial nerve abnormalities reminiscent of those obtained in the Hoxa-1 total knockout, although their severity and penetrance are lower, thus providing strong evidence for direct control of Hox gene function by retinoids during normal development. Interestingly, we also find that the Hoxa-1 expression response to RA treatment is not entirely controlled by the RARE, suggesting the existence of other retinoid-induced factors mediating the Hoxa-1 response to RA and/or the presence of additional RAREs. Interestingly, although the RARE is not required for the spatiotemporal control of colinear expression of the Hoxa genes, it is absolutely required for correct Hoxa-2 expression in rhombomere 5.
351 citations
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TL;DR: This model has been used in the present work to study the metabolism of dopamine in striatal nerve terminals of still undamaged neurones after different partial destructions of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system.
Abstract: INJECTION of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the cell bodies of the substantia nigra of the rat has been found to produce a selective degeneration of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway1. Electron microscopic2 and biochemical3 investigations have determined the specificity and extent of the nigral 6-OHDA induced damage. This model has been used in the present work to study the metabolism of dopamine (DA) in striatal nerve terminals of still undamaged neurones after different partial destructions of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system.
349 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a compact description of these effects in the linear regime, and in static conditions: this is based on linear irreversible thermodynamics, with two driving forces (E and a water pressure gradient ∇p) and two fluxes (electric current and water current).
Abstract: Certain fluorinated ion-exchange membranes, when swollen and suitably plated by conducting electrodes, display a spontaneous curvature increasing with the applied electric field E(1). There is also an inverse effect, where an imposed curvature induces an electric field (in open circuit conditions). We present here a compact description of these effects in the linear regime, and in static conditions: this is based on linear irreversible thermodynamics, with two driving forces (E and a water pressure gradient ∇p) and two fluxes (electric current and water current). We also give some qualitative estimates of the three Onsager coefficients which come into play.
348 citations
Authors
Showing all 6597 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Pierre Chambon | 211 | 884 | 161565 |
Irving L. Weissman | 201 | 1141 | 172504 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Kari Alitalo | 174 | 817 | 114231 |
Pierre Bourdieu | 153 | 592 | 194586 |
Stanislas Dehaene | 149 | 456 | 86539 |
Howard L. Weiner | 144 | 1047 | 91424 |
Alain Fischer | 143 | 770 | 81680 |
Yves Agid | 141 | 669 | 74441 |
Michel Foucault | 140 | 499 | 191296 |
Jean-Pierre Changeux | 138 | 672 | 76462 |
Jean-Marie Tarascon | 136 | 853 | 137673 |
K. Ganga | 132 | 272 | 99004 |
Jacques Delabrouille | 131 | 354 | 94923 |
G. Patanchon | 128 | 241 | 87233 |