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Institution

Collège de France

EducationParis, France
About: Collège de France is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Dopamine. The organization has 6541 authors who have published 11983 publications receiving 648742 citations. The organization is also known as: College de France.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
02 Oct 2009-Science
TL;DR: Although the Early Pliocene Afar included a range of environments, and the local environment at Aramis and its vicinity ranged from forests to wooded grasslands, the integration of available physical and biological evidence establishes Ar.
Abstract: A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, microwear, and stable isotopes from these and a wider range of abundant associated larger mammals indicates that the local habitat at Aramis was predominantly woodland. The Ar. ramidus enamel isotope values indicate a minimal C4 vegetation component in its diet (plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway), which is consistent with predominantly forest/woodland feeding. Although the Early Pliocene Afar included a range of environments, and the local environment at Aramis and its vicinity ranged from forests to wooded grasslands, the integration of available physical and biological evidence establishes Ar. ramidus as a denizen of the closed habitats along this continuum.

237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patterns of unit activity indicate that fundamental informational components required for navigation are coded in the striatum.
Abstract: To investigate the spatial and behavioral correlates of striatal neurons during displacement movements, the rostromedial dorsal striata (AP 1.0–2.2, ML 1.5–2.0) of five rats were surgically implanted with advanceable bundles of fine wire electrodes. After recovery, the rats were deprived of water and trained in a square-walled open field in a dark room. The behavioral task required alternating visits to water reservoirs in the center and in the four corners. A certain corner contained the first reward for each trial; after this reward, a cue card appeared in this corner for the rest of the trial. The firing rates of striatal units were compared as the rat moved between the center and the four corners of the arena. Analyses were made of 30 units. Eight of these had firing rates that significantly increased or decreased by 62–480% while the rat was in one or more quadrants of the arena. Six of these manifested such firing rate changes only as the rat performed certain behavioral sequences in the quadrant. Three other units fired as the rat's head was in a certain orientation relative to the arena walls, in all parts of the arena. To determine the principal controlling cues and hence the frame of reference of spatial selectivity of these units, the arena, while the rat was still inside, was rotated in total darkness. The first water reward was then presented at the same position relative to the outside room as before the rotation. The cue card was then illuminated in this corner as a visual cue for the extra-arena reference frame. All 11 neurons demonstrated spatial selectivity that rotated with the arena; thus, this activity was in the frame of reference of the arena and was not controlled by the visual cue. Six other units fired at rates up to six times their resting discharge or stopped firing completely in synchrony with initiation or execution of displacement movements, and two of these were also location selective. Four other units were silent as the rat performed the task, but fired tonically following arena rotations or other interruptions of the session, independent of the rat's location or movements. Nine analyzed units had very low firing rates (< 1 impulse/sec) and showed no discernible changes in activity as the rat performed the task. These patterns of unit activity indicate that fundamental informational components required for navigation are coded in the striatum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a major environmental and societal event struck the Mediterranean basin during the 9th millennium cal BP, leading to hyper arid conditions along a tropical zone between 15° and 40° North (Near and Middle East), cooler and wetter conditions in western and central Europe, and marked climatic irregularity in the northern Mediterranean basin.

236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The high levels of inhibitory activities against bacteria recorded in some extracts and the absence of toxicity on the development of oyster and sea urchin larvae and to mouse fibroblast growth suggests a potential for novel active ingredients in antifouling preparations.

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a stochastic model for this reaction which comprises a series of one-dimensional diffusions of a restriction enzyme on nonspecific DNA sequences interrupted by three-dimensional excursions in the solution until the target sequence is reached.

235 citations


Authors

Showing all 6597 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Pierre Chambon211884161565
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
David R. Williams1782034138789
Kari Alitalo174817114231
Pierre Bourdieu153592194586
Stanislas Dehaene14945686539
Howard L. Weiner144104791424
Alain Fischer14377081680
Yves Agid14166974441
Michel Foucault140499191296
Jean-Pierre Changeux13867276462
Jean-Marie Tarascon136853137673
K. Ganga13227299004
Jacques Delabrouille13135494923
G. Patanchon12824187233
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20238
202293
2021418
2020429
2019385
2018391