Showing papers by "College of Engineering, Pune published in 2011"

Adaptive local thresholding for detection of nuclei in diversity stained cytology images

Abstract: Accurate cell nucleus segmentation is necessary for automated cytological image analysis. Thresholding is a crucial step in segmentation. The accuracy of segmentation depends on the accuracy of thresholding. In this paper we propose a new method for thresholding of photomicrographs of diversly stained cytology smears. To account for the different stains, we use different color spaces. A new local thresholding scheme is developed to solve the problem of nonuniform staining. Finally, the results obtained from the new method are compared with those of some of the existing thresholding methods, clearly showing the improvement achieved.

Traditional Medicine to Modern Pharmacogenomics: Ayurveda Prakriti Type and CYP2C19 Gene Polymorphism Associated with the Metabolic Variability

Abstract: Traditional Indian medicine—Ayurveda—classifies the human population into three major constituents or Prakriti known as Vata, Pitta and Kapha types. Earlier, we have demonstrated a proof of concept to support genetic basis for Prakriti. The descriptions in Ayurveda indicate that individuals with Pitta Prakriti are fast metabolizers while those of Kapha Prakriti are slow metabolizers. We hypothesized that different Prakriti may have different drug metabolism rates associated with drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) polymorphism. We did CYP2C19 (Phase I DME) genotyping in 132 unrelated healthy subjects of either sex by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. We observed significant association between CYP2C19 genotype and major classes of Prakriti types. The extensive metabolizer (EM) genotype (*1/*1, *1/*2, *1/*3) was found to be predominant in Pitta Prakriti (91%). Genotype (*1/*3) specific for EM group was present only in Pitta Prakriti. Poor metabolizer (PM) genotype (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3) was highest (31%) in Kapha Prakriti when compared with Vata (12%) and Pitta Prakriti (9%). Genotype (*2/*3) which is typical for PM group was significant in Kapha Prakriti (odds ratio = 3.5, P = .008). We observed interesting correlations between CYP2C19 genotypes and Prakriti with fast and slow metabolism being one of the major distinguishing and differentiating characteristics. These observations are likely to have significant impact on phenotype-genotype correlation, drug discovery, pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine.

Surface Integrity of C-40 Steel Processed with WC-Cu Powder Metallurgy Green Compact Tools in EDM

Abstract: Electric discharge machining (EDM) is an electrothermal process where recast layer on the machined surface and heat-affected (HAZ) zone just below the machined surface are common phenomena. Thus, the assessment of surface integrity in EDM is a very important task. In this study, an attempt was made to modify the surface integrity of C-40 steel in EDM. WC-Cu powder metallurgy (P/M) green compact tools were used so that the tool material could be transferred to the work surface and thereby the surface characteristics could be altered. WC was used as tool material because of its ability to produce a hard layer over the work surface. A detailed experimental study was performed. The effect of various process parameters on the surface characteristics were presented with the support of analyses such as material transfer rate (MTR), tool wear rate (TWR), surface roughness, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness testing, etc. It...

Robust Roll Autopilot Design for Tactical Missiles

Abstract: In this paper, a robust roll autopilot based on the extended state observer technique is proposed. The autopilot is robust to uncertainties, external disturbances, the airframe flexibility, and fast unmodeled sensor lags. The external disturbances and the parametric uncertainties in the roll loop are treated as a composite disturbance and the extended state observer is used to estimate the composite disturbance and the states of the system in an integrated manner. The estimated disturbance and the estimated states are used to robustify linear quadratic regulator autopilots designed for nominal systems. The closed-loop stability of the observer-controller combination is proved. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the extended state observer in estimation of the uncertainties and the states, and in meeting the objectives of the design. Lastly, the proposed design is compared with some well-known designs reported in the literature.

Taguchi analysis of surface modification technique using W-Cu powder metallurgy sintered tools in EDM and characterization of the deposited layer

Abstract: The present study describes an experimental research on surface modification during electrical discharge machining (EDM) by depositing a hard layer over the work surface of C-40 grade plain carbon steel using specially prepared powder metallurgy compact tools The investigated process parameters were composition, compaction pressure, sintering temperature, pulse on-time, peak–current setting, and duty factor Measurements of deposited layer thickness, mass transfer rate, tool wear rate, surface roughness and microhardness were undertaken on the EDM-ed specimens Different studies like X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were carried out to ascertain the characteristics of the deposited layer on the work surface These analyses confirmed the presence of the tool materials in the work surface layer At first, an L-16 orthogonal array was applied as Taguchi DOE technique and the ANOVA was done to study the effects of pertinent process parameters An optimum condition was achieved using overall evaluation criteria Later on, a detailed study was carried out to get a smooth and regular deposition of material The characterization of the deposited layer is presented The deposited layer with a wide range of average layer thickness of 3–785 μm, enriched with tool materials (W and Cu) and with the formation of tungsten carbide, and having microhardness of 981–1275 GPa at the hardest zone was successfully deposited over the work surface

Discrete sliding mode control for a class of underactuated systems

Abstract: This paper presents a new reaching law to design discrete sliding mode controller for a class of mismatched uncertain systems. A control problem for slosh free-motion of a container is sought. It represents a broader class of systems. A simple pendulum model is considered to represent the lateral slosh. Validity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by simulation.

Significant enhancement in quality factor of Zn2TiO4 with Cu-substitution

Abstract: Zinc orthotitanate (Zn1−xCux)2TiO4, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20, spinel samples were prepared by solid state reaction and sintering. 1060 °C was the optimal sintering temperature for all the Cu-substituted samples which showed sintered density ≥94%, and maximum unloaded quality factor (Quf). SEM microphotographs revealed fairly uniform grains between 2 and 20 μm depending upon the composition. Microwave measurements at ∼7.1–7.5 GHz on these samples (as dielectric resonators) showed with Cu-substitution a steep increase in Quf value from 2100 GHz (for Zn2TiO4, x = 0) to 15,200 GHz (for x = 0.10), a significant jump of over 7 times, while e ′ r was ∼20 (for x = 0) and ∼18 (x = 0.10). The jump in Quf in Cu-substituted samples was attributed partly to improved sintered density and partly to absence of paramagnetic Ti3+, as revealed by electron spin resonance spectra at 9.1 GHz.

A combinational logic implementation of S-box of AES

Abstract: This paper presents a combinational logic based Rijndael S-box implementation for the SubByte transformation on ASIC. Combinational implementation of S-box results in low cost, small area occupancy and high throughput as compared to the typical ROM based lookup table implementation with fixed and unbreakable access time. S-box has been implemented using 0.18µm CMOS standard cell library at 1.62V and runs at clock frequency of 71.43MHz. We could achieve throughput of 571.5Mbps with core utilization of 85%, core area occupied is 39.88.4µm2 using only 178 cells. Total power dissipation of the S-box implementation is 0.611mW which is quite lower than other literature available.

Fabrication and Properties of Novel Polyetheretherketone/Barium Titanate Composites with Low Dielectric Loss

Abstract: Dielectric, thermal, and microhardness properties of high-performance barium titanate (BaTiO3)-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites were studied. BaTiO3 was varied from 0 vol.% to 67 vol.% in the PEEK matrix. The dielectric constant of the composites measured at 1 MHz increased approximately 14-fold. There was no dispersion in the dielectric constant with frequency between 10 kHz and 15 MHz. The Lichtenecker equation and modified Lichtenecker equation agreed well with the experimental data. The dissipation factor of the composites varied from 0.0056 to 0.0096. Scanning electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion of BaTiO3 in the matrix. The microhardness of the composites increased by more than 2.5-fold compared with pure PEEK. The coefficient of thermal expansion measured below and above the glass-transition temperature was reduced by up to 56%. These results make these composites promising candidate high-temperature organic substrates.

Preparation and Properties of New Polyphenylene Sulfide/AlN Composites for Electronic Packaging

Abstract: The thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of new high-performance polyphenylene sulfide/aluminum nitride (AlN) composites prepared by hot pressing were investigated for use in electronic packaging. The coefficient of thermal expansion was decreased by 41%. The glass-transition temperature and Vickers microhardness were increased by 13°C and 46%, respectively, for the 15.1 vol.% AlN composite. A modified rule of mixtures with β of 0.065 fits the data. The dielectric constant and loss factor of the composites are within the range of requirements for commercial use.

Fabrication and properties of high performance PEEK/Si3N4 nanocomposites

Abstract: The crystallization, morphology, microhardness, scratch hardness, dynamic modulus, and wear behavior of high performance poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) matrix nanocomposites reinforced with 0 to 30 wt % silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles were reported. The crystallinity of PEEK nanocomposites increases at 2.5 wt % Si3N4 but, thereafter it decreases with increasing Si3N4 content due to the hindrance to the ordering of PEEK chains. The crystallization peak temperature and crystallization onset temperature increases by 14°C for 10 wt % nanocomposite. The melting temperature does not vary significantly with Si3N4 content. SEM shows almost uniform distribution of Si3N4 in the PEEK matrix. The Vickers microhardness and scratch hardness increases significantly up to 10 wt % Si3N4 content.The dynamic modulus of nanocomposites increases below and above Tg of PEEK. The specific wear rate of nanocomposites with 2.5 wt % Si3N4 is reduced significantly and it is lowest at 10 wt % Si3N4. However, the coefficient of friction of nanocomposites is more than that of pure PEEK. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Fuzzy fault tree analysis: revisited

Abstract: Fault tree analysis is one of the most effective techniques for estimating the frequency of occurrence of hazardous events in probabilistic risk assessment study. The analyst needs to study a multi component system and identifies vulnerable sections of hazardous plant based on formalized procedure. In this sequel, we have made an attempt to demonstrate the effective ness of using fuzzy fault tree formalism over the conventional approach and the concept is termed as Fuzzy Top Event Probability (FTEP). The case study 1 relates to flash vessel in an ammonia tank, while in case study 2, using fuzzy set theory, the FTEP has been estimated for the existing ammonia storage tank in a large fertilizer complex located in Mumbai India. In addition, a new formalism for estimating the possibility of a fuzzy event is presented with application.

Study on high‐performance poly(etheretherketone)/Si3N4 nanocomposites: New electronic substrate materials

Abstract: The morphology, thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of high-performance poly(etheretherketone)/Si3N4 nanocomposites fabricated by hot pressing were investigated. It was found that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and dissipation factor decreased significantly with increasing Si3N4 content, whereas thermal stability was affected slightly. A nanocomposite with 30 wt% Si3N4 exhibited about 45% and 23% decrease in CTE, below and above Tg, respectively. The glass-transition temperature (Tg) was increased up to 20°C. Microhardness was improved by 20% at 10 wt% Si3N4 content and thereafter it improved slightly. Modified rule of mixture with β = 0.1 or Halpin–Tsai model with ξ = 4 fits well the microhardness. The dielectric constant and loss factor of the nanocomposites are quite low, and thermal stability is much higher compared with commercial products. Various models were also used to correlate CTE and dielectric constant. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

Pattern based network security using decision trees and support vector machine

Abstract: Decision tree is an important method for both induction research and data mining, which is mainly used for model classification and prediction. WEKA is software which is capable of doing work on various decision tree algorithms and support vector machine. In this paper, the comparative study of all Decision Tree algorithms is done. The training time, Accuracy and size of tree are the parameters used as performance measures. It is concluded that J48 Graft algorithm performs better than other algorithms. The dataset used is KDD cup'99 dataset. This dataset contains normal as well as abnormal packets. The dataset is highly uneven. We worked out on some 1000 selected packets. The support vector machine algorithms have the ability to be trained and ‘learn’ in a given environment. This feature can be used in connection with an intrusion detection system, where the support vector machine algorithm can be trained to detect intrusions by recognizing patterns of an intrusion. This paper outlines an investigation on the support vector machine models and choice of one of them for evaluation and implementation. The work also includes works on computer networks, providing a description and analysis of the structure of the computer network in order to generate network features.

Robust Height Control System Design for Sea-Skimming Missiles

Abstract: Sea-skimmingmissiles are required to fly at a very low height over themean sea level in order to avoid detection on the one hand and to inflict substantial damage to the enemy ship on the other. The height control system of a seaskimming missile experiences a disturbance because of sea waves, which increases the probability of the missile ditching into the sea. The unmodeled dynamics and varying aerodynamic coefficients further compound the task of the height control system. In this paper, a novel method for height control based on the extended state observer, which enables an estimation of the sea-wave disturbances in real time, is proposed. The estimate can be used for realtime planning of the skimming altitude. Simulation results show that the height control system functions effectively in the presence of significant sea-wave disturbances. Finally, the proposed design is compared with some existing designs reported in the literature.

Low-cost subcutaneous vein detection system using ARM9 based single board computer

Abstract: The use of infrared radiation for medical diagnosis is a very new concept in the field of medical technology that promises to deliver high-end results. While a very few devices based on infrared technique have been implemented, there still exists a strong need to develop such medical devices. Therefore, our aim is to develop a low-cost subcutaneous vein detection system, which uses infrared technique to capture vein images, processes (enhances contrast) these images, and displays them on screen. These images can also be projected on the limb. This type of system will provide an easy access to the doctor for efficient drug delivery. A vein imaging system has been implemented successfully using the ARM 9 single board computer as the development platform. A customized webcam is used for capturing vein images. Thereafter, contrast enhancement algorithms based on histogram equalization method have been tested, implemented and the experimental results are presented in this paper.

Theoretical and experimental study for identification of crack in cantilever beam by measurement of natural frequencies

Abstract: Most of the rotating machines used in process industries or in manufacturing plant need maintenance and repair. However, failure of just one of these machines can disturb an entire process with losses in terms of production, manpower, and equipment repair or replacement. Also failure of a single machine component in process industries like petrochemicals or power stations can result in the loss of millions of rupees per down time hour. These facts together with higher costs for new equipment have placed increased demand on plant maintenance to keep existing equipment operating efficiently with higher availability. A number of non-destructive crack detection techniques have been developed, such as ultrasonic testing, X-ray technique, magnetic particle method etc. Every method has some advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, ultrasonic testing has gained greater attention for monitoring the cracks in structures and machine components. Most of these methods are very laborious and time consuming, in th...

Hand Gesture Recognition System for Numbers Using Thresholding

Abstract: An efficient human computer interaction is assuming utmost importance in our daily lives. Human beings can communicate mainly by vision and sound. Human can recognize the meaningful expressions of motion using hand gesture. Hand Gesture is the most important to exchange ideas, messages, thoughts etc among deaf and dumb people. This paper discusses a simple recognition algorithm that recognizes the numbers from 0 to 10 using thresholding. The overall algorithm has three main steps: image capture, apply threshold and recognizing the number. The assumption is made that user must wear color hand gloves.

A novel multistage classification and Wavelet based kernel generation for handwritten Marathi compound character recognition

Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for recognition of unconstrained handwritten Marathi compound characters. The recognition is carried out using multistage feature extraction and classification scheme. The initial stages of feature extraction are based upon the structural features and the classification of the characters is done according to their parameters. The final stage of feature extraction employs generation of kernels using Wavelet transform. A single level Wavelet decomposition is used to generate the approximation coefficients. These coefficients are stored as kernels for matching. A modified wavelet based kernel generation method is also implemented. The recognition is done by template matching in both the cases. The results are analyzed using both the kernel generation techniques for varying resize factors. The recognition rate achieved from the proposed method is 95.89% and 96.00% for 16×16 and 32×32 resize factors respectively with wavelet based kernels and 96.41% and 97.94% for 16×16 and 32×32 resize factors respectively with modified wavelet based kernels.

Ruggedisation methodologies for GPS based Vehicle Tracking System

Abstract: Main objective of this research proposal is to develop ruggedised strategic GPS based Vehicle Tracking System (VTS). For ruggedisation, system needs to be tested for specifications according to the different standards such as JSS-55555 / MIL-STD-810E (Environmental) and MIL-STD-461E (EMI/EMC). This paper gives brief survey of strategic testing procedures, typical severities of the tests, and probable failures/damages in the electronics / communication systems /circuits. The tests include Environmental, Dynamic, Corrosion, Mould growth, Radiated / Conducted Emission and Susceptibility, ESS and Burn-in, etc. This paper also explains the effect of all these tests on the equipment leading to probable damages/failures in the system for which cognizance must be taken in the design for improvement of reliability of the equipment to make the equipment compatible with stringent requirements. The outcome of these tests may be probable damages like failure of semiconductor devices and components, destruction of electronic circuits, breakage of PCB, damages in the enclosures, drift in the specifications / parameters, functional impairments, malfunctioning of the equipment, etc. The brief methodologies of ruggedisation such as selection of MIL grade components, use of shock mounts, specialized enclosure design, balanced mechanical layout, and use of protective coatings are recommended. These methodologies are useful to ensure the compatibility of GPS based Vehicle Tracking System with different standards like JSS-55555 / MIL-810E (Environmental).

Effect of EGR on the Exhaust Gas Temperature and Exhaust Opacity in Compression Ignition Engines Using Jatropha Oil as Fuel

Abstract: Diesel engines are widely used as power sources for medium and heavy-duty applications because of their lower fuel consumption and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) compared with gasoline engines Efficient use of natural resources is one of the fundamental requirements for any country to become self-sustainable Both in organized and unorganized sectors internal combustion engine has become an indispensable prime mover With the increasing demand on the use of fossil fuels, a stronger threat to clean environment is being posed as the burning of fossil fuels is associated with emissions like CO2, CO, SOx, NOx and particulate matter, which are currently the dominant global source of emissions In diesel engines, NOx formation is a highly temperature-dependent phenomenon Therefore, in order to reduce NOx emissions in the exhaust, it is necessary to keep peak combustion temperatures under control Exhaust gas recirculation is the most important technique for reducing NOx emissions Re-circulating part of the exhaust gas helps in reducing NOx, but appreciable particulate emissions are observed at high loads, hence there is a trade-off between NOx and smoke emission To get maximum benefit from this trade-off, a particulate trap may be used to reduce the amount of unburnt particulates in EGR, which in turn reduce the particulate emission also An experimental investigation was conducted to observe the effect of exhaust gas re-circulation on the exhaust gas temperatures and exhaust opacity The experimental setup for the proposed experiments was developed on a single-cylinder, direct injection, air-cooled, compression ignition engine A matrix of experiments was conducted for observing the effect of different quantities of EGR on exhaust gas temperatures and opacity

Design and hardware implementation of model following sliding mode control with inertial delay observer for uncertain systems

Abstract: This paper proposes the design and implementation of model following sliding mode control strategy based on an inertial delay observer. This observer estimates the states as well as the uncertainties and disturbances in an integrated manner. It is shown that when modeling uncertainties and disturbances are present in the system, it gives better results compared with classical proportional observer. Lastly, the proposed approach is validated through experimentation on Quanser's servo plant SRV-02. Results show the effectiveness of the combination the controller-observer designed using inertial delay observer.

SkewBoost: An algorithm for classifying imbalanced datasets

Abstract: Many real world data sets have an imbalanced distribution of the instances. Learning from such data sets results in the classifier being biased towards the majority class, thereby tending to misclassify the minority class samples. In this paper, we provide a technique, SkewBoost which classifies the minority instances correctly without compromising much on the correct classification of the majority instances. In the SkewBoost technique, minority and majority instances are identified during execution of the boosting algorithm. A variation of SMOTE is used to create synthetic minority instances which are then added to the training set and total weight is rebalanced. After each iteration of the boosting algorithm, the weight of each instance is modified to focus more on the misclassified instances. A cost-sensitive approach has been adopted to reweight the instances following every iteration. This method is evaluated, in terms of the F-measure, G-mean, AUC, Recall and Precision, on imbalanced data sets against the results that have been published in the previous publications of algorithms on imbalanced datasets.

Response of various vibration parameters to the condition monitoring of ball bearing used in centrifugal pumps

Abstract: Health monitoring of bearings is one of the important tasks in many industries. A number of techniques are used for bearing fault detection in which vibration based signal analysis is the most commonly used technique. The current work emphasizes the comparison of some of the parameters of vibration acceleration signal such as Peak to Peak amplitude, Peak Amplitude and RMS amplitude which are used in the detection of defects in bearings. These parameters are measured at various loads and speeds with simulated defect on bearing parts. The graphs plotted depicts that Peak to Peak amplitude gives better defect detectability whether it is on outer ring, inner ring or on the ball.

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of reflectivity of nanosized CaTiO3/epoxy resin composites in microwave bands

Abstract: Microwave absorbing materials play a major role in electromagnetic interference and compatibility measurements in anechoic chambers. Nanocrystalline calcium titanate (CT) was synthesized by hydrothermal method and further composites of CT/epoxy resin were fabricated as thin solid slabs of four different weight ratios. The composite material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which reveals that CT was observed to be in the monoclinic phase with an average crystallite size of 24 nm. The reflectivity measurement of the composite materials was carried out by the transmission/reflection method using a vector network analyzer R&S: ZVA40, in the X- and Ku-bands. The effective permittivity and permeability of the samples was also computed with the help of measured transmission and reflection coefficients. The results show that CT with equal weight of epoxy resin provides −30 dB at 8.5 GHz in the X-band and −19.5 dB at 18.0 GHz in the Ku-band. Reflectivity was found to be better than −10 dB for 2.2 GHz and 1.9 GHz for X-band and Ku-band, respectively and encourages use of it as potential microwave absorber material.

Network Intrusion Detection based on attack pattern

Abstract: Intrusion Detection system becomes the one of the favorite research topic due to its capability of detecting various network attacks. There are many works done in the field of intrusion detection up till now. In this paper we are proposing the pattern based Intrusion Detection model. This system is based on CIDF architecture. The Pattern based Intrusion Detection model consist of five modules: Capture Module, Decode Module, Detection Module, Known Attack Pattern Module and Action Module. A pattern based IDS monitor packets on the network and compares them against a database of known attack pattern of malicious threats. Our paper focuses on the packet sniffer and its working, various attacks on network as an intrusion and their detection using pattern based IDS.

Database processing by Linear Regression on GPU using CUDA

Abstract: In today's era, there is a great importance to parallel programming to gain high performance in terms of time required for data computation. There are some constraints to achieve parallelism on CPU (Central Processing Unit). It is possible to achieve data parallelism by SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) on General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU) integrated with Central Processing Unit (CPU).