Showing papers by "Columbia University published in 2022"
TL;DR: Recent developments in dECM scaffolds are reviewed and perspectives accordingly are put forward, with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellularized scaffolds, as well as the application of de cellularization scaffolds and their combinations with stem cells in tissue engineering.
142 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed recent developments in decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds and put forward perspectives accordingly, with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellulized scaffolds, as well as the application of deCellularized scaffold and their combinations with stem cells in tissue engineering, including skin, bone, nerve, heart, along with lung, liver and kidney.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors determined cryo-electron microscopy structures and evaluated receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies for their ability to bind and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 B.1.529.
Abstract: The rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant and its resistance to neutralization by vaccinee and convalescent sera are driving a search for monoclonal antibodies with potent neutralization. To provide insight into effective neutralization, we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures and evaluated receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies for their ability to bind and neutralize B.1.1.529. Mutations altered 16% of the B.1.1.529 RBD surface, clustered on an RBD ridge overlapping the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding surface and reduced binding of most antibodies. Substantial inhibitory activity was retained by select monoclonal antibodies-including A23-58.1, B1-182.1, COV2-2196, S2E12, A19-46.1, S309, and LY-CoV1404-that accommodated these changes and neutralized B.1.1.529. We identified combinations of antibodies with synergistic neutralization. The analysis revealed structural mechanisms for maintenance of potent neutralization against emerging variants.
92 citations
École Polytechnique1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg2, South China University of Technology3, University of Windsor4, University of California, Santa Barbara5, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology6, Sungkyunkwan University7, University of Washington8, York University9, Shanghai Jiao Tong University10, University of Minnesota11, Hewlett-Packard12, University of California, Berkeley13, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology14, Rovira i Virgili University15, Chinese Academy of Sciences16, University of California, San Diego17, Åbo Akademi University18, University of Chicago19, Fudan University20, Northwestern University21, Columbia University22, PARC23, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne24, University of Bari25
TL;DR: Bonnassieux et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a roadmap for the key areas of flexible and printable electronics. And they highlighted the current status and future challenges in the areas covered by the roadmap and highlighted the breadth and wide-ranging opportunities made available by flexible electronics technologies.
Abstract: Author(s): Bonnassieux, Y; Brabec, CJ; Cao, Y; Carmichael, TB; Chabinyc, ML; Cheng, KT; Cho, G; Chung, A; Cobb, CL; Distler, A; Egelhaaf, HJ; Grau, G; Guo, X; Haghiashtiani, G; Huang, TC; Hussain, MM; Iniguez, B; Lee, TM; Li, L; Ma, Y; Ma, D; McAlpine, MC; Ng, TN; Osterbacka, R; Patel, SN; Peng, J; Peng, H; Rivnay, J; Shao, L; Steingart, D; Street, RA; Subramanian, V; Torsi, L; Wu, Y | Abstract: This roadmap includes the perspectives and visions of leading researchers in the key areas of flexible and printable electronics. The covered topics are broadly organized by the device technologies (sections 1–9), fabrication techniques (sections 10–12), and design and modeling approaches (sections 13 and 14) essential to the future development of new applications leveraging flexible electronics (FE). The interdisciplinary nature of this field involves everything from fundamental scientific discoveries to engineering challenges; from design and synthesis of new materials via novel device design to modelling and digital manufacturing of integrated systems. As such, this roadmap aims to serve as a resource on the current status and future challenges in the areas covered by the roadmap and to highlight the breadth and wide-ranging opportunities made available by FE technologies.
68 citations
09 Feb 2022
TL;DR: The identification of the Omicron variant (B.529.1 or BA.1.1) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in Botswana in November 2021 has raised alarms due to the sheer number of mutations in the spike glycoprotein that could lead to striking antibody evasion as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Abstract The identification of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529.1 or BA.1) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in Botswana in November 2021 1 immediately raised alarms due to the sheer number of mutations in the spike glycoprotein that could lead to striking antibody evasion. We 2 and others 3–6 recently reported results in this Journal confirming such a concern. Continuing surveillance of Omicron evolution has since revealed the rise in prevalence of two sublineages, BA.1 with an R346K mutation (BA.1+R346K) and B.1.1.529.2 (BA.2), with the latter containing 8 unique spike mutations while lacking 13 spike mutations found in BA.1. We therefore extended our studies to include antigenic characterization of these new sublineages. Polyclonal sera from patients infected by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 or recipients of current mRNA vaccines showed a substantial loss in neutralizing activity against both BA.1+R346K and BA.2, with drops comparable to that already reported for BA.1 2,3,5,6 . These findings indicate that these three sublineages of Omicron are antigenically equidistant from the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and thus similarly threaten the efficacies of current vaccines. BA.2 also exhibited marked resistance to 17 of 19 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies tested, including S309 (sotrovimab) 7 , which had retained appreciable activity against BA.1 and BA.1+R346K 2–4,6 . This new finding shows that no presently approved or authorized monoclonal antibody therapy could adequately cover all sublineages of the Omicron variant.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an immunoregulatory hydrogel scaffold was developed for treating spinal cord injury that scavenged DAMPs and slowly released the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10).
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a comprehensive genome dynamics study of omicron variant with the previously reported variants (VOC, VOI, and VUM) suggests its mutational cascade.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a tapered flow field configuration (FFC) was proposed to improve the oxygen transport, water removal and performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by performing a three-dimensional multiphase fuel cell model.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a tapered flow field configuration (FFC) was proposed to improve the oxygen transport, water removal and performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by performing a three-dimensional multiphase fuel cell model.
43 citations
TL;DR: The optimal duration and combination of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with ICAS is uncertain and is being investigated in addition to low-dose anticoagulation and aspirin this article .
Abstract: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most frequent causes of stroke worldwide and confers one of the greatest risks of recurrent stroke compared with other causes of stroke. Asymptomatic ICAS is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for silent brain infarctions and dementia, magnifying the global burden of ICAS. Although ICAS is a lumen-based diagnosis, newer diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high-resolution MRI, might help to identify high-risk population subgroups to test interventions that might reduce the risk of stroke recurrence. Secondary stroke prevention in patients with ICAS currently consists of intensive management of modifiable risk factors and dual antiplatelet therapy, which is subsequently reduced to aspirin alone. Despite these therapies, the risk of recurrent stroke in patients presenting with stroke related to 70-99% ICAS exceeds 20% at 1 year; as such, better therapies are urgently needed. The optimal duration and combination of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with ICAS is uncertain and is being investigated in addition to low-dose anticoagulation and aspirin. Other ongoing or planned studies will provide high-quality observational data on the role of transluminal angioplasty and stenting, submaximal balloon angioplasty alone, direct or indirect arterial bypass, and ischaemic conditioning for prevention of stroke in patients with ICAS.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of sex chromosomes and sex hormones on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the interplay between sex and a major AD genetic risk factor, the APOE e4 genotype, through the multiomics landscape.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated biological pathways and intermediate biomarkers underlying the association between serum PFAS and fetal growth using high-resolution metabolomics in a cohort of pregnant African American women in the Atlanta area.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors presented new methods for fitting the Sum of Single Effects (SuSiE) model to summary data, for example to single-SNP z-scores from an association study and linkage disequilibrium (LD) values estimated from a suitable reference panel.
Abstract: In recent work, Wang et al introduced the "Sum of Single Effects" (SuSiE) model, and showed that it provides a simple and efficient approach to fine-mapping genetic variants from individual-level data. Here we present new methods for fitting the SuSiE model to summary data, for example to single-SNP z-scores from an association study and linkage disequilibrium (LD) values estimated from a suitable reference panel. To develop these new methods, we first describe a simple, generic strategy for extending any individual-level data method to deal with summary data. The key idea is to replace the usual regression likelihood with an analogous likelihood based on summary data. We show that existing fine-mapping methods such as FINEMAP and CAVIAR also (implicitly) use this strategy, but in different ways, and so this provides a common framework for understanding different methods for fine-mapping. We investigate other common practical issues in fine-mapping with summary data, including problems caused by inconsistencies between the z-scores and LD estimates, and we develop diagnostics to identify these inconsistencies. We also present a new refinement procedure that improves model fits in some data sets, and hence improves overall reliability of the SuSiE fine-mapping results. Detailed evaluations of fine-mapping methods in a range of simulated data sets show that SuSiE applied to summary data is competitive, in both speed and accuracy, with the best available fine-mapping methods for summary data.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors performed high-dimensional single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on four patient tumors pretreatment and posttreatment from a neoadjuvant trial of patients with advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that were treated with the αPD-1 therapy, nivolumab.
Abstract: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have been implicated as potential mediators of checkpoint immunotherapy response. However, the extensive heterogeneity of these cells has precluded rigorous understanding of their immunoregulatory role in the tumor microenvironment.We performed high-dimensional single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on four patient tumors pretreatment and posttreatment from a neoadjuvant trial of patients with advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that were treated with the αPD-1 therapy, nivolumab. The head and neck CAF (HNCAF) protein activity profiles, derived from this cohort of paired scRNA-seq, were used to perform protein activity enrichment analysis on the 28-patient parental cohort of clinically annotated bulk transcriptomic profiles. Ex vivo coculture assays were used to test functional relevance of HNCAF subtypes.Fourteen distinct cell types were identified with the fibroblast population showing significant changes in abundance following nivolumab treatment. Among the fibroblast subtypes, HNCAF-0/3 emerged as predictive of nivolumab response, while HNCAF-1 was associated with immunosuppression. Functionally, HNCAF-0/3 were found to reduce TGFβ-dependent PD-1+TIM-3+ exhaustion of CD8 T cells, increase CD103+NKG2A+ resident memory phenotypes, and enhance the overall cytolytic profile of T cells.Our findings demonstrate the functional importance of distinct HNCAF subsets in modulating the immunoregulatory milieu of human HNSCC. In addition, we have identified clinically actionable HNCAF subtypes that can be used as a biomarker of response and resistance in future clinical trials.
01 Feb 2022
TL;DR: Tabanelli et al. as discussed by the authors reported 9 cases of alopecia areata following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Table I; Fig 1) and reported that COVID-19 may trigger a variety of autoimmune conditions, including AA.
Abstract: Alopecia areata (AA) is a T lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune condition characterized by hair loss due to an inflammatory response targeting the hair follicle. Recent reports have suggested that COVID-19 may trigger a variety of autoimmune conditions, including AA.1Sgubbi P. Savoia F. Calderoni O. Longo R. Stinchi C. Tabanelli M. Alopecia areata in a patient with SARS-Cov-2 infection.Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33: e14295https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14295Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar,2Fivenson D. COVID-19: association with rapidly progressive forms of alopecia areata.Int J Dermatol. 2021; 60: 127https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15317Crossref PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar Herein, we report 9 cases of AA following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Table I; Fig 1).Table IPatient demographics and history, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered, approximate time between dose and hair loss, previously attempted treatments, and treatment prescribed at our institutionCaseSex and ageSARS-CoV-2 vaccine administeredSignificant medical historySignificant family historyApproximate length of time to flare after vaccineSeverity of hair lossPrevious treatmentsTreatment prescribed at our institution1Woman, 33ModernaHepatic steatosis, chronic hepatitis B virusBrother with AA2 months after 2nd doseLarge patches of nonscarring alopecia of the scalp with foci of hair regrowthILTAC, pimecrolimus 1% cream, clobetasol 0.05% foamTofacitinib citrate 5 mg twice a day2Woman, 57PfizerRemote history of AANA4 months after 2nd doseWidespread nonscarring alopecia of the scalp with foci of hair regrowthCompounded tofacitinib 2%, clobetasol 0.05% ointment, clobetasol solutionTofacitinib citrate 5 mg twice a day3Woman, 62ModernaRemote history of AANA2 months after 2nd doseAlopecia universalisNATofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a day, bimatoprost 0.03% eye drops4Woman, 28PfizerAA, Hashimoto thyroiditisNAWithin 1 week after 2nd doseAlopecia universalisILTAC and PRPTofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a day5Woman, 29PfizerElevated levels of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibodyNAWithin 1 week after 2nd doseTwo patches of nonscarring alopecia of the scalp with areas of regrowthNAILTAC6Man, 22ModernaElevated thyroid antibody, normal thyroid function testsNA1 month after 2nd dosePatches of nonscarring alopecia; 30% hair loss from scalp, 80% hair loss from beardILTACTofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a day7Man, 15PfizerNAGrandmother with Hashimoto thyroiditis, sister with elevated thyroid antibodyWithin 1 week after 2nd doseTwo patches of nonscarring alopecia of the scalpNAILTAC8Man, 61PfizerJoint pain, on hydroxychloroquineNA2 weeks after 1st doseAlopecia totalisNAPending possible trial of oral tofacitinib citrate9Man, 16PfizerNANAWithin 1-2 weeks after 1st dosePatches of nonscarring alopecia with 70% loss of scalp hair; sparse eyebrows and eyelashesILTACTofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a dayAA, Alopecia areata; ILTAC, intralesional triamcinolone; NA, not applicable; PRP, platelet-rich plasma. Open table in a new tab AA, Alopecia areata; ILTAC, intralesional triamcinolone; NA, not applicable; PRP, platelet-rich plasma. A 33-year-old woman with hepatic steatosis in the setting of chronic hepatitis B virus presented for hair loss since March 2021. The patient's brother had a history of AA. She completed the Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series in January 2021. She presented with large patches of nonscarring alopecia with foci of hair regrowth. The patient received 4 treatments of intralesional triamcinolone (ILTAC), pimecrolimus 1% cream, and clobetasol 0.05% foam. On follow-up examination, decreased hair loss and increased regrowth were noted. The patient elected to begin tofacitinib citrate 5 mg twice a day for further improvement. A 57-year-old woman with a remote history of AA completed the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series in February 2021. Four months later, she experienced substantial hair loss. She attempted trials of compounded tofacitinib 2%, clobetasol 0.05% ointment, and clobetasol solution from an outside dermatologist with little improvement. On examination, widespread nonscarring alopecia of the scalp with foci of hair regrowth was observed. The patient was subsequently started on tofacitinib citrate 5 mg twice a day. A 62-year-old woman with a remote history of AA presented for hair loss since June 2021. She completed the Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series in April 2021. On examination, the patient had alopecia universalis with loss of scalp, facial, and body hair. The patient was subsequently treated with tofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a day and bimatoprost 0.03% eye drops. A 28-year-old woman with a history of AA and Hashimoto thyroiditis well-controlled on levothyroxine noted increased hair loss following completion of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series in April 2021. The patient reported loss of all scalp and body hair by June 2021. The patient received ILTAC and platelet-rich plasma therapy from an outside dermatologist with little improvement. Her examination was notable for alopecia universalis with loss of scalp, facial, and body hair. The patient was subsequently prescribed tofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a day. A 29-year-old female began to experience hair loss following completion of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series in April 2021. Her hair loss subsequently worsened following SARS-CoV-2 infection in August 2021. On presentation, the scalp had 2 patches of nonscarring alopecia with areas of regrowth. Laboratory results were notable for elevated levels of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody. The patient was subsequently treated with ILTAC. A 22-year-old man with a history of elevated thyroid antibody but normal thyroid function tests presented for hair loss starting in April 2021, 1 month after completing the Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series. The patient received ILTAC from an outside dermatologist with limited improvement. On examination, there were patches of nonscarring alopecia with approximately 30% loss of scalp hair and 80% loss of beard hair. The patient was treated with tofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a day. A 15-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with hair loss following completion of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series in June 2021. The patient has a grandmother with Hashimoto thyroiditis and a sister with elevated thyroid antibody now on levothyroxine. On examination, the patient had 2 patches of nonscarring alopecia on the vertex of the scalp. His thyroid laboratory tests were within the normal ranges. The patient was subsequently treated with ILTAC. A 61-year-old man with a history of joint pain, treated with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg daily by rheumatology, presented for hair loss since March 2021, 2 weeks after his first dose of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. On physical examination, the patient had alopecia totalis with loss of eyebrow, eyelash, and beard hair. The patient is pending a possible trial of oral tofacitinib citrate. A 16-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with hair loss following completion of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series in June 2021. The hair loss began after the first dose and worsened following the second dose. He received ILTAC from an outside dermatologist with limited improvement. His examination was notable for patches of nonscarring alopecia with 70% hair loss from the scalp and sparse eyebrows and eyelashes. The patient was treated with tofacitinib citrate 10 mg twice a day. Vaccines have been implicated as triggers of autoimmune disease in genetically predisposed individuals. An antibody-mediated response prompted by vaccination may cross-react with self-antigen, leading to autoimmunity. It is possible that the messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 Moderna and Pfizer vaccines can trigger a T cell-mediated immune response with the downstream effects of alopecia. Hair loss following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is an increasingly reported phenomenon in the United States and globally. A search of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database revealed 915 cases of alopecia, 67 of AA, 1 of alopecia totalis, and 8 of alopecia universalis to date associated with the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines.3United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)Public Health Service (PHS)Centers for Disease Control (CDC)/Food and Drug Administration (FDA)The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) 1990 - 11/05/2021, CDC WONDER online database.http://wonder.cdc.gov/vaers.htmlDate accessed: November 16, 2021Google Scholar A report from Italy describes 1 case of AA recurrence following Pfizer messenger RNA vaccine and 2 cases of AA recurrence following AZD1222/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca).4Rossi A. Magri F. Michelini S. et al.Recurrence of alopecia areata after covid-19 vaccination: a report of three cases in Italy.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021; 20: 3753-3757https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14581Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar Essam et al5Essam R. Ehab R. Al-Razzaz R. Khater M.W. Moustafa E.A. Alopecia areata after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca): a potential triggering factor?.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021; 20: 3727-3729https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14459Crossref PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar also reported recurrent AA after a long period of disease quiescence in a middle-aged woman following immunization with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Furthermore, there are reports of AA in children and adults after other routine vaccinations. Chu et al6Chu C.H. Cheng Y.P. Chan J.Y.L. Alopecia areata after vaccination: recurrence with rechallenge.Pediatr Dermatol. 2016; 33: e218-e219https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.12849Crossref PubMed Scopus (14) Google Scholar reported 2 episodes of AA with subsequent regrowth in a child following the third dose of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine at the age of 27 months and the third dose of influenza vaccine at the age of 36 months. Sánchez-Ramón et al7Sánchez-Ramón S. Gil J. Cianchetta-Sívori M. Fernández-Cruz E. Alopecia universal en un adulto tras la vacunación de rutina con toxoide tetánico.Med Clin (Barc). 2011; 136: 318https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2010.03.010Crossref PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar described AA in a patient following tetanus toxoid vaccination, and Wise et al8Wise R.P. Kiminyo K.P. Salive M.E. Hair loss after routine immunizations.JAMA. 1997; 278: 1176-1178https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550140068042Crossref PubMed Google Scholar reported 60 cases of AA after various routine childhood vaccinations. This case series highlights that patients with personal or family histories of AA and other autoimmune diseases, particularly thyroid dysfunction, may be at higher risk of hair loss following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. One patient had a family history of AA, and 3 patients had previous histories of AA with vaccination triggering disease progression to alopecia universalis in 2 of these 3 cases. Three of the patients had personal histories of thyroid disease or abnormal thyroid antibody levels, and 1 patient had a family history of thyroid disease. Of the remaining patients, 1 with joint pain treated with hydroxychloroquine may also have an undiagnosed autoimmune disorder. Patients with family histories of autoimmune conditions may be genetically predisposed to AA, and immune dysregulation in patients with coexisting autoimmune conditions may exacerbate disease progression. The onset of AA varied considerably in our patient group: as early as 2 weeks after the first dose up to 4 months after completing both doses. Six of our 9 patients experienced hair loss within 1 month of completing their vaccine series, and 2 more experienced hair loss within 2 months. Chu et al6Chu C.H. Cheng Y.P. Chan J.Y.L. Alopecia areata after vaccination: recurrence with rechallenge.Pediatr Dermatol. 2016; 33: e218-e219https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.12849Crossref PubMed Scopus (14) Google Scholar and Essam et al5Essam R. Ehab R. Al-Razzaz R. Khater M.W. Moustafa E.A. Alopecia areata after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca): a potential triggering factor?.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021; 20: 3727-3729https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14459Crossref PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar reported hair loss between a few days to 1 week following vaccination, and Rossi et al4Rossi A. Magri F. Michelini S. et al.Recurrence of alopecia areata after covid-19 vaccination: a report of three cases in Italy.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021; 20: 3753-3757https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14581Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar described hair loss occurring between 2 to 3 weeks after. Wise et al8Wise R.P. Kiminyo K.P. Salive M.E. Hair loss after routine immunizations.JAMA. 1997; 278: 1176-1178https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550140068042Crossref PubMed Google Scholar found that 84% of hair loss in 50 reports of AA occurred within 1 month of vaccination, although they did report 1 patient with hair loss 10 weeks later. Further studies are needed to draw any conclusions regarding the timing between hair loss and vaccination. This report is limited by the fact that cause and effect cannot be clearly identified in any of the cases. Extensive patient histories were taken to rule out other triggers of AA, such as illnesses or psychological stress, but given the patients' already increased risk of AA from comorbidities and/or family histories, hair loss following vaccination could be coincidental. Further studies are needed to explore the possible role of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in activation of AA. This report suggests that physicians should have heightened clinical suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced AA 1 to 2 months following vaccination after exclusion of other possible triggers. Of note, many medical treatments exist for alopecia, and spontaneous hair regrowth is estimated to occur in approximately 80% of patients within a year after the first incidence of hair loss.9Maclean K.J. Tidman M.J. Alopecia areata: more than skin deep.Practitioner. 2013; 257 (3): 29-32PubMed Google Scholar Indeed, 3 of our patients had foci of hair regrowth on examination. Overall, this report should not discourage from the overwhelming benefits of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. None disclosed.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present long-time-scale, atomic-level molecular dynamics simulations of monomeric α-synuclein binding the small-molecule drug fasudil in which the observed protein-ligand interactions were found to be in good agreement with previously reported NMR chemical shift data.
Abstract: Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are implicated in many human diseases. They have generally not been amenable to conventional structure-based drug design, however, because their intrinsic conformational variability has precluded an atomic-level understanding of their binding to small molecules. Here we present long-time-scale, atomic-level molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of monomeric α-synuclein (an IDP whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson's disease) binding the small-molecule drug fasudil in which the observed protein-ligand interactions were found to be in good agreement with previously reported NMR chemical shift data. In our simulations, fasudil, when bound, favored certain charge-charge and π-stacking interactions near the C terminus of α-synuclein but tended not to form these interactions simultaneously, rather breaking one of these interactions and forming another nearby (a mechanism we term dynamic shuttling). Further simulations with small molecules chosen to modify these interactions yielded binding affinities and key structural features of binding consistent with subsequent NMR experiments, suggesting the potential for MD-based strategies to facilitate the rational design of small molecules that bind with disordered proteins.
TL;DR: The role of seven modifiable lifestyle factors (diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cognitive leisure activity, sleep, and meditation) in mitigating the impacts of age-related brain changes on cognition was examined in this paper .
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors show that the COVID-19 pandemic brought house price and rent declines in city centers, and price increases away from the center, thereby flattening the bid-rent curve in most U.S. metropolitan areas.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors established a new method of ranking priority antibiotics based on their prevalence (Pv), occurrence (O), persistence, and bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) in the environment.
01 Apr 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present the formation, analysis, engineering, and application of sulfur-functional groups in biochar, such as organic sulfur (e.g., C−S, CS, thiophene, and sulfone) and inorganic sulfur (i.e., sulfate, sulfide, sulfite, and elemental S) can be determined through Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Xray absorption near edge structure (XANES).
Abstract: Biochar is a solid material obtained from the pyrolytic carbonization of biomass in an oxygen-free/limited environment. Sulfur-containing biochar has a wide range of applications, such as adsorptive removal of pollutants (e.g., Hg, Cd, and Ni) and acting as a solid acid catalyst or as an electrode of Li-S battery. To date, many methods have been developed to strengthen the function of biochar by introducing sulfur-containing groups to promote the application and commercialization of biochar. This review aims to present the formation, analysis, engineering, and application of sulfur-functional groups in biochar. The sulfur-functional groups such as organic sulfur (e.g., C–S, –C–S–C–, CS, thiophene, and sulfone) and inorganic sulfur (e.g., sulfate, sulfide, sulfite, and elemental S) can be determined through Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The sulfur-functional groups can be obtained through selecting biomass composition, pyrolysis process, S-doping, and post-treatment of biochar, but the engineering is challenging. The positive effect of sulfur-functional groups in the application is also analyzed in this paper, such as the complexation and electron transfer between sulfur-functional groups and heavy metal (e.g., Hg, Cd, and Ni) on improving biochar adsorption capacity. However, there are still challenges in directional synthesis, precise determination, and regulation of application performance. Based on the research gaps identified, future prospective investigation directions on analysis, engineering, and application of biochar S-functional groups were presented in this review.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established a new method of ranking priority antibiotics based on their prevalence (Pv), occurrence (O), persistence, and bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) in the environment.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated using the perturbation analysis that, a system with at least a zero or a non-zero known input can potentially be uniquely identified and allowed for a better understanding of the system compared to classical output-only parameter identification strategies.
TL;DR: A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase and MedRxiv databases from 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2022 identified 1628 papers on the health of Ukrainian children and 112 were relevant to this review as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Millions of Ukrainian children have been internally displaced or fled to other countries because of the Russian war. This systematic review focused on their health needs and future challenges for clinicians.A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase and MedRxiv databases from 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2022 identified 1628 papers on the health of Ukrainian children and 112 were relevant to this review.In 2019, under-5 mortality was 8 per 1000 live births in Ukraine. Underweight and adverse childhood experiences, including child abuse, were frequent compared to other European countries, while childhood obesity seemed less common. Alcohol consumption was common in women of reproductive age, including during pregnancy, risking foetal alcohol syndrome. Neonatal screening programmes provided low coverage. Vaccine hesitancy was common and vaccination rates were low. Other concerns were measles, HIV, antibiotic resistance and multi-resistant tuberculosis. Many children are expected to suffer from psychological and physical trauma due to the war. Other healthcare challenges include low COVID-19 vaccination rates and a preference for secondary and tertiary care, rather than primary care. Many people cannot afford medication.Ukrainian children often have poor health and host countries need to be aware of their needs.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional association between food insecurity (FI) and disordered eating among adults, while evidence among adolescents is limited, has been found among three waves of prospective data came from 1813 participants in the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) cohort study.
TL;DR: In this article , nonlocal dielectric metasurfaces in the near-infrared have been used to achieve both spatial and spectral control of light, focusing light exclusively over a narrowband resonance while leaving off-resonant frequencies unaffected.
Abstract: Abstract Photonic devices rarely provide both elaborate spatial control and sharp spectral control over an incoming wavefront. In optical metasurfaces, for example, the localized modes of individual meta-units govern the wavefront shape over a broad bandwidth, while nonlocal lattice modes extended over many unit cells support high quality-factor resonances. Here, we experimentally demonstrate nonlocal dielectric metasurfaces in the near-infrared that offer both spatial and spectral control of light, realizing metalenses focusing light exclusively over a narrowband resonance while leaving off-resonant frequencies unaffected. Our devices attain this functionality by supporting a quasi-bound state in the continuum encoded with a spatially varying geometric phase. We leverage this capability to experimentally realize a versatile platform for multispectral wavefront shaping where a stack of metasurfaces, each supporting multiple independently controlled quasi-bound states in the continuum, molds the optical wavefront distinctively at multiple wavelengths and yet stay transparent over the rest of the spectrum. Such a platform is scalable to the visible for applications in augmented reality and transparent displays.
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermal self-regulatory smart biosensor was designed and constructed by combining phase change material (PCM) and bio-electrocatalytic material.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed an all-optical approach combining novel optogenetic induction of rapidly forming place fields with 2-photon activity imaging during spatial navigation in mice.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether disturbed sleep was associated with psychological distress in New York City (NYC) HCWs during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020).
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the role of TAZ/WWTR1, which is induced in hepatocytes in NASH, in the progression of NASH to HCC.
TL;DR: This article found that strong prestimulus oscillations in the alpha+ band (i.e., alpha and neighboring frequencies), rather than the aperiodic signal, correlated with a low excitability state, indexed by reduced broadband highfrequency activity.