Institution
Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
About: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Layer (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 9958 authors who have published 9212 publications receiving 132235 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a notion of "two-scale" convergence, which is aimed at a better description of sequences of oscillating functions, and prove that bounded sequences in $L^2 (Omega )$ are relatively compact with respect to this new type of convergence.
Abstract: Following an idea of G. Nguetseng, the author defines a notion of “two-scale” convergence, which is aimed at a better description of sequences of oscillating functions. Bounded sequences in $L^2 (\Omega )$ are proven to be relatively compact with respect to this new type of convergence. A corrector-type theorem (i.e., which permits, in some cases, replacing a sequence by its “two-scale” limit, up to a strongly convergent remainder in $L^2 (\Omega )$) is also established. These results are especially useful for the homogenization of partial differential equations with periodically oscillating coefficients. In particular, a new method for proving the convergence of homogenization processes is proposed, which is an alternative to the so-called energy method of Tartar. The power and simplicity of the two-scale convergence method is demonstrated on several examples, including the homogenization of both linear and nonlinear second-order elliptic equations.
2,279 citations
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TL;DR: An estimate of global land evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2008 is provided using a global monitoring network, meteorological and remote-sensing observations, and a machine-learning algorithm, which suggests that increasing soil-moisture limitations on evapOTranspiration largely explain the recent decline of the global land-evapotranpiration trend.
Abstract: More than half of the solar energy absorbed by land surfaces is currently used to evaporate water. Climate change is expected to intensify the hydrological cycle and to alter evapotranspiration, with implications for ecosystem services and feedback to regional and global climate. Evapotranspiration changes may already be under way, but direct observational constraints are lacking at the global scale. Until such evidence is available, changes in the water cycle on land-a key diagnostic criterion of the effects of climate change and variability-remain uncertain. Here we provide a data-driven estimate of global land evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2008, compiled using a global monitoring network, meteorological and remote-sensing observations, and a machine-learning algorithm. In addition, we have assessed evapotranspiration variations over the same time period using an ensemble of process-based land-surface models. Our results suggest that global annual evapotranspiration increased on average by 7.1 ± 1.0 millimetres per year per decade from 1982 to 1997. After that, coincident with the last major El Ni±o event in 1998, the global evapotranspiration increase seems to have ceased until 2008. This change was driven primarily by moisture limitation in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly Africa and Australia. In these regions, microwave satellite observations indicate that soil moisture decreased from 1998 to 2008. Hence, increasing soil-moisture limitations on evapotranspiration largely explain the recent decline of the global land-evapotranspiration trend. Whether the changing behaviour of evapotranspiration is representative of natural climate variability or reflects a more permanent reorganization of the land water cycle is a key question for earth system science. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
1,756 citations
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TL;DR: A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H→γγ and H→ZZ→4ℓ decay channels.
Abstract: A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H→γγ and H→ZZ→4l decay channels. The results are obtained from a simultaneous fit to the reconstructed invariant mass peaks in the two channels and for the two experiments. The measured masses from the individual channels and the two experiments are found to be consistent among themselves. The combined measured mass of the Higgs boson is mH=125.09±0.21 (stat)±0.11 (syst) GeV.
1,567 citations
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Peking University1, Nanjing Agricultural University2, Stanford University3, Chinese Academy of Sciences4, University of Sassari5, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives6, Institut national de la recherche agronomique7, University of Chicago8, University of Bonn9, University of Antwerp10, International Rice Research Institute11, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research12, Goddard Institute for Space Studies13, University of Florida14
TL;DR: Investigating the impacts of temperature on yields of the four crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods consistently showed negative temperature impacts on crop yield at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales.
Abstract: Wheat, rice, maize, and soybean provide two-thirds of human caloric intake. Assessing the impact of global temperature increase on production of these crops is therefore critical to maintaining global food supply, but different studies have yielded different results. Here, we investigated the impacts of temperature on yields of the four crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods: global grid-based and local point-based models, statistical regressions, and field-warming experiments. Results from the different methods consistently showed negative temperature impacts on crop yield at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Results are highly heterogeneous across crops and geographical areas, with some positive impact estimates. Multimethod analyses improved the confidence in assessments of future climate impacts on global major crops and suggest crop- and region-specific adaptation strategies to ensure food security for an increasing world population.
1,442 citations
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Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University1, Centre national de la recherche scientifique2, Kaiserslautern University of Technology3, Spanish National Research Council4, École Normale Supérieure5, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives6, Vrije Universiteit Brussel7, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven8, Sewanee: The University of the South9, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic10, University of Évry Val d'Essonne11, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research12, University of Bremen13, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn14, IFREMER15, European Bioinformatics Institute16, Kyoto University17, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine18, University of Paris19, Aix-Marseille University20, Bigelow Laboratory For Ocean Sciences21, National Science Foundation22, University of Western Brittany23
TL;DR: Diversity emerged at all taxonomic levels, both within the groups comprising the ~11,200 cataloged morphospecies of eukaryotic plankton and among twice as many other deep-branching lineages of unappreciated importance in plankton ecology studies.
Abstract: Marine plankton support global biological and geochemical processes. Surveys of their biodiversity have hitherto been geographically restricted and have not accounted for the full range of plankton size. We assessed eukaryotic diversity from 334 size-fractionated photic-zone plankton communities collected across tropical and temperate oceans during the circumglobal Tara Oceans expedition. We analyzed 18S ribosomal DNA sequences across the intermediate plankton-size spectrum from the smallest unicellular eukaryotes (protists, >0.8 micrometers) to small animals of a few millimeters. Eukaryotic ribosomal diversity saturated at ~150,000 operational taxonomic units, about one-third of which could not be assigned to known eukaryotic groups. Diversity emerged at all taxonomic levels, both within the groups comprising the ~11,200 cataloged morphospecies of eukaryotic plankton and among twice as many other deep-branching lineages of unappreciated importance in plankton ecology studies. Most eukaryotic plankton biodiversity belonged to heterotrophic protistan groups, particularly those known to be parasites or symbiotic hosts.
1,378 citations
Authors
Showing all 9958 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Philippe Ciais | 149 | 965 | 114503 |
Stanislas Dehaene | 149 | 456 | 86539 |
W. Kozanecki | 138 | 1498 | 99758 |
Christophe Royon | 134 | 1453 | 90249 |
Jean-Luc Starck | 133 | 657 | 76224 |
Lucie Gauthier | 132 | 679 | 64794 |
Eric Lancon | 131 | 1084 | 84629 |
Ahmimed Ouraou | 131 | 1075 | 81695 |
Jean-Francois Laporte | 129 | 910 | 77899 |
Bruno Mansoulie | 129 | 923 | 79222 |
Maarten Boonekamp | 129 | 1005 | 79425 |
Laurent Chevalier | 129 | 982 | 80840 |
Nathalie Besson | 129 | 954 | 78653 |
Claude Guyot | 129 | 920 | 77544 |
Rosy Nicolaidou | 128 | 948 | 76056 |