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Showing papers by "Concordia University published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors discusses ways in which children and adult learners manage to make the most of their limited processes in dealing with the complex input of a second language and discuss the implications of an information-processing perspective for second language pedagogy and research.
Abstract: It is a byword in contemporary cognitive psychology that humans are limited-capacity processors. This paper discusses ways in which children and adult learners manage to make the most of their limited processes in dealing with the complex input of a second language. An information-processing approach to second language learning is proposed and evidence in support of this approach is presented. We also discuss the implications of an information-processing perspective for second language pedagogy and research.

383 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Non-contingent, ‘priming’ IV drug injections led to reinstatement of heroin-reinforced responding after a period of extinction and these results may help the understanding of ‘relapse of drug-taking’ behavior.
Abstract: Non-contingent, ‘priming’ IV drug injections led to reinstatement of heroin-reinforced responding after a period of extinction. Rats implanted with IV catheters were trained to self-administer heroin (100 μg/kg/infusion diacetylmorphine HCl) and were given test sessions consisting of a period of self-administration followed by extinction conditions. ‘Priming’ infusions of heroin and other drugs were presented during extinction and lever pressing following the injection was observed. Priming injections of 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg heroin effectively restored responding after a period of extinction. Morphine and, to a lesser extent, amphetamine and apomorphine also reinstated heroin-reinforced responding whereas cocaine and clonidine did not. These results may help our understanding of ‘relapse of drug-taking’ behavior.

259 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bilinguals with equal first- and second-language reading rates produced in each language a pattern of reaction times suggesting automatic processing, whereas bilinguals with a slower second- language reading rate did so in their first language but not in their second.
Abstract: Many fluent bilinguals read their two languages with equal levels of comprehension but read their second language at a slower rate. The present study examined whether, compared with first language reading, slower second-language reading is associated with reduced involvement of automatic processing during lexical access. Subjects were bilinguals with fluent speaking and listening skills under ordinary conditions of communication and with equivalent comprehension of their first and second languages when reading and listening under speeded conditions. Half these subjects, however, read their first and second languages equally fast, and half read the second language more slowly than the first. Subjects were tested on a lexical decision task that manipulated expectations about the semantic relatedness of prime and target words and the stimulus onset asynchrony between them. Bilinguals with equal first- and second-language reading rates produced in each language a pattern of reaction times suggesting automatic processing, whereas bilinguals with a slower second-language reading rate did so in their first language but not in their second.

240 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Heart rate and subjective arousal level increased markedly during the stressors in both groups, suggesting that aerobically trained individuals may be capable of faster recovery in both physiological and subjective dimensions of emotionality.
Abstract: Aerobic fitness is associated with numerous physiological adaptations which permit physical stress to be coped with more efficiently. The present experiment examined whether aerobic fitness influences emotional response. Heart rate, biochemical measures (catecholamines, cortisol, prolactin, lactic acid), and self-reported arousal and anxiety were monitored in 15 highly trained and 15 untrained subjects at various points before, during and following exposure to a series of psychosocial stressors. Heart rate and subjective arousal level increased markedly during the stressors in both groups. Trained subjects showed higher levels of norepinephrine and prolactin early in the stress period, more rapid heart rate recovery following the stressors, and lower levels of anxiety at the conclusion of the session. This more rapid heart rate and subjective recovery from psychosocial stress, suggests that aerobically trained individuals may be capable of faster recovery in both physiological and subjective dimensions of emotionality. The differences in reactivity profiles between the aerobically trained and untrained were discussed in light of models that have dealt with the adaptiveness of emotional response.

206 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Dependency and Self-Criticism scales were shown to be stable in the face of both a 13-week interval and the receipt of midterm grades as mentioned in this paper, which was viewed as supporting the utility of Blatt's distinction between two types of depression, but a number of anomalous findings indicated a need for further study of the DEQ.

200 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
K. Stephan1, S. Lin2, M. Durst1, F. Huang, D. Seher1 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the process of energy separation in a vortex tube with air as a working medium and showed that the Gortler vortex produced by the tangential velocity on the inside wall of the vortex tube is a major driving force for the energy separation.

170 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the transitive groups of degree up to eleven were studied and a transitive transitive group up to 11 was proposed for algebraic geometry, which is the case in this paper.
Abstract: (1983). The transitive groups of degree up to eleven. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 11, No. 8, pp. 863-911.

168 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
04 Nov 1983-Science
TL;DR: A pseudomemory of having been awakened by some loud noises during a night of the previous week was suggested to 27 highly hypnotizable subjects during hypnosis and 13 of them stated that the suggested event had actually occurred.
Abstract: A pseudomemory of having been awakened by some loud noises during a night of the previous week was suggested to 27 highly hypnotizable subjects during hypnosis. Posthypnotically, 13 of them stated that the suggested event had actually occurred. This finding has implications for the investigative use of hypnosis in a legal context.

126 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new combined CG-QN algorithm which can use whatever storage is available and is presented to demonstrate that the new algorithm is never worse than CONMIN and that it is almost always better if even a small amount of extra storage is provided.
Abstract: Both conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton methods are quite successful at minimizing smooth nonlinear functions of several variables, and each has its advantages In particular, conjugate gradient methods require much less storage to implement than a quasi-Newton code and therefore find application when storage limitations occur They are, however, slower, so there have recently been attempts to combine CG and QN algorithms so as to obtain an algorithm with good convergence properties and low storage requirements One such method is the code CONMIN due to Shanno and Phua; it has proven quite successful but it has one limitation It has no middle ground, in that it either operates as a quasi-Newton code using O(n 2) storage locations, or as a conjugate gradient code using 7n locations, but it cannot take advantage of the not unusual situation where more than 7n locations are available, but a quasi-Newton code requires an excessive amount of storage

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ventral tegmental area has been suggested as a possible site of action for the rewarding effect of opiates on the basis of the fact that local morphine injections in this but not other regions are rewarding.

88 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multistage classifier with general tree structure has been developed to recognize a large number of Chinese characters and a high recognition rate of about 99.5 percent was obtained in an experiment with more than 3000 different Chinese characters.
Abstract: A multistage classifier with general tree structure has been developed to recognize a large number of Chinese characters A simple and efficient method of classifying the characters was achieved by choosing the best feature at each stage of the tree The features used are Walsh coefficients obtained from two profiles of a character projected onto the X-Y orthogonal axes Some algorithms for aligning the characters were compared and one of them was adopted in this recognition scheme A high recognition rate of about 995 percent was obtained in an experiment with more than 3000 different Chinese characters

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of wind loads derived from boundary layer wind tunnel experiments on low buildings sheds light on the question of scaling results are available for building models tested at three geometric scales under two different terrain exposures representing open country and suburban areas.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A major component of opiate reward is derived from a drug action in the ventral tegmental area, and it is theoretically viable that opiates derive their reinforcing impact from a combination of positive and negative reinforcement processes.
Abstract: A major component of opiate reward is derived from a drug action in the ventral tegmental area: (a) rats quickly learn to self-administer morphine directly into the ventral tegmentum, (b) intracranial self-administration into other brain sites is not quickly learned, and (c) narcotic antagonist microinjections into the ventral tegmentum attenuate reward from intravenous heroin infusions. At least one component of opiate reward is dependent on a dopaminergic system: (a) electrophysiological and neurochemical indices suggest that opiates activate ventral tegmental dopaminergic neurons, (b) ventral tegmental opiate infusions are behaviorally activating producing contralateral rotation that is blocked by neuroleptics, (c) reward from heroin is blocked by neuroleptics, and (d) reward from heroin is attenuated by dopamine-depleting lesions of the ventral tegmental system. Brain sites involved in the production of physical dependence on opiates are anatomically distinct from those initiating the acutely rewarding action of opiates. It is theoretically viable that opiates derive their reinforcing impact from a combination of positive and negative reinforcement processes: (a) the neural substrate for the positive reinforcing action probably involves a ventral tegmental dopamine system important in appetitive motivation, and (b) the neural substrate for the negative reinforcing action may involve a periventricular gray system that is independent of the system which mediates the acutely rewarding property of opiates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The result of a computer search is reported which shows that there is no oval in a projective plane of order 10.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Norway rat dams apparently do not monitor and defend a maximal pup growth rate, and seem to continue to defend their own homeostasis, and by doing so, allow the young to grow and survive under a wide variety of circumstances.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical description for multiple metal ion-humic acid cation exchange experiments is presented, where a law of mass action formalism and mole fraction relationship have been adapted to the simultaneous ion exchange equilibria of twelve cations with humic acid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether or not there are statistical differences in the structure of earnings functions among workers in various sectors of economic activity and provided a test of the human capital approach in the explanation of earning differentials among wage earners.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use a continuation technique for branches of periodic solutions to investigate the oscillatory behavior of a continuously stirred tank reactor with consecutive A → B → C reactions, and reveal dynamic phenomena not seen in previous studies of this reactor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A modification of the trasformation method used for the design of two-dimensional (2D) circularly symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters from one-dimensional filters is described in this article.
Abstract: A modification of the trasformation method used for the design of two-dimensional (2-D) circularly symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters from one-dimensional (1-D) filters is described. This modification entails the embedding of variable parameters in the different transformations applied to the different factors of the 1-D reference function. This new method results in the design of 2-D FIR filters whose frequency response characteristics meet the cutoff boundary specifications more closely than the transformations without the modification. This method is quite useful for the design of 2-D FIR filters with multiple cutoff boundaries such as bandpass filters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that morphine activates a population of A-10 dopamine cells known to be involved in locomotion, and induced forward locomotion in all four limbs in rats.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The differential effect on enzyme activity of metal ions, especially cupric ion, and various SH group reagents seemed to indicate the involvement of two active sites in the glucosylation reaction; the site specific for 2' activity being more susceptible than that of the 5' activity.
Abstract: A novel glucosyltransferase which catalyzed the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to positions 2′ and 5′ of partially methylated flavonols was isolated from the shoots of Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein ex Hooker. It was purified 225-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation and successive chromatography on Sephadex G-100, hydroxyapatite, and polybuffer ion exchanger. This glucosyltransferase appeared to be a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 42,000 daltons, pH optimum of 7.5 to 8.0, and an isoelectric point of 5.1. It had low but similar K m values for the 2′ and 5′ positions of flavonol substrates and the cosubstrate UDP-glucose and was inhibited by both reaction products, the glucosides formed, and UDP. Glucosyltransferase activity was independent of divalent cations, was not inhibited by EDTA, but showed requirement for SH groups. The differential effect on enzyme activity of metal ions, especially cupric ion, and various SH group reagents seemed to indicate the involvement of two active sites in the glucosylation reaction; the site specific for 2′ activity being more susceptible than that of the 5′ activity. The substrate specificity expressed by this glucosyltransferase and the requirement of at least two para -oriented B-ring substituents (at 2′ and 5′) for activity support this view.

Journal ArticleDOI
C.Y. Suen1
TL;DR: The results characterize handedness with writing speed, legibility, character shapes and formation with respect to block printing, manuscript, cursive and block printing in specified shapes and stroke sequences in boxes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three components commonly utilized in sex therapy for secondary orgasmic dysfunction were studied, with the aim of not only exploring their effects on therapy outcome but also of sensitizing investigators to the benefits of incorporating component analyses within larger investigations of therapy outcome.
Abstract: Three components commonly utilized in sex therapy for secondary orgasmic dysfunction (Sensate Focus I, Sensate Focus II, and ban on intercourse) were studied, with the aim of not only exploring their effects on therapy outcome but also, in part, of sensitizing investigators to the benefits of incorporating component analyses within larger investigations of therapy outcome. The subjects were 23 married couples with the problem of secondary orgasmic dysfunction in the wife. Subjects were administered a multicomponent therapy program over a 14-week period. Daily self-monitoring data were analyzed to assess the impact of Sensate Focus exercises and banning intercourse on both broad (e. g., enjoyment) and narrow (e.g., orgasmic response) criteria of therapeutic effectiveness. Results indicated that for females, sensate focus exercises, in combination with a ban on intercourse, led to a significant increase in level of enjoyment for subsequent noncoital sexual caressing as well as intercourse. Orgasmic...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The computational complexity of the hybrid algorithm is shown to be less than that for the Predictor-Corrector Algorithm,(1) for similar performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1983-System
TL;DR: Concern is expressed that computer-assisted instruction may be subject to the same fate as the language laboratory unless the courseware offered reflects current trends in language learning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of leader-mediated stimuli and the way they are tied to the subordinate's newly exhibited and already acquired behavior are proposed as critical determinants of leader influence.
Abstract: Leader influence is analyzed in terms of operant theory The characteristics of leader-mediated stimuli and the way they are tied to the subordinate's newly exhibited and already acquired behavior are proposed as critical determinants of leader influence Dependent parameters of leader influence on subordinate motivation and behavior acquisition are identified The relevant literature on learning and leadership is reviewed and a number of hypotheses are suggested Constraints on leader influence through the manipulation of reinforcement and punishment are discussed Requirements of the operant methodology are examined These suggest that future research on the effects of leader reinforcement should use rigorous experimentation and the procedures of behavior observation

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examined a teaching methodology based on activity-centered learning, which is applicable to ESL or FSL classes as well as to immersion programs, and examples of activities which foster second language learning both in the classroom and on out-of-school excursions, together with the psycholinguistic principles on which they are based.
Abstract: Recent research in psycholinguistics has suggested that experience with language in its communicative function is essential for learning to speak a second language. A suitable linguistic environment provides for the development of strategies for aural comprehension and for the acquisition of oral production. Such an environment is provided by immersion programs in Canada, whose successful second language learning results are well known. However, teaching techniques are not the same in all immersion classrooms. This article examines a teaching methodology based on activity-centered learning, which is applicable to ESL or FSL classes as well as to immersion programs. Examples are given of activities which foster second language learning both in the classroom and on out-of-school excursions, together with the psycholinguistic principles on which they are based. The activities described are suitable for 11–12 year olds and may be adapted for younger or older learners.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hospitalized, male chronic schizophrenics in their late sixties performed as well as those in their early forties when normal age effects were determined on measures of verbal fluency, picture anomaly recognition, tapping speed, and maze learning.
Abstract: Hospitalized, male chronic schizophrenics (N = 21) in their late sixties performed as well as those in their early forties when normal age effects were determined on measures of verbal fluency, picture anomaly recognition, tapping speed, and maze learning. The findings contraindicated the Kraepelinian view of schizophrenia as a deteriorative disorder and were more in accord with recent longitudinal evidence of clinical stabilization and amelioration of disruptive symptoms in chronic schizophrenia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the acute hyperthermia encountered by rat dams during contact with their litters may be due to a physical restriction on maternal heat loss is supported.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1983-Headache
TL;DR: In this article, the temporal artery, frontal EMG, systemic blood pressure, peripheral temperature, heart rate, and anxiety levels were monitored daily four days preceding a typical migraine attack and during the headache in twelve female migraine cases.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS Temporal artery, frontal EMG, systemic blood pressure, peripheral temperature, heart rate, and anxiety levels were monitored daily four days preceding a typical migraine attack and during the headache in twelve female migraine cases. The specific relationship between temporal artery activity and anxiety and temporal artery activity and pain was also determined. The results indicated the presence of an increased variability in the right temporal artery three days preceding the migraine with the absence of changes in the general autonomic and skeletal muscle measures. Considerable individual differences in temporal artery amplitude were observed necessitating an analysis of individual patients which revealed a general pattern of dilation three days prior to the attack and constriction the day preceding the attack. Increased anxiety was noted only on the headache day. Elevations in anxiety four days prior to the migraine were associated with the increased temporal artery variability observed three days prior to the attack. Anxiety experienced on the headache day was not related to changes in temporal artery amplitude variability or pain. Temporal artery dilation was not consistently associated with the site of pain. The results provide support for a disregulation theory of migraine relating anxiety to temporal artery change across days preceding the attack but question major assumptions regarding anxiety, temporal artery activity and pain during the headache itself.