Showing papers by "Concordia University published in 2001"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the demographic, psychological and behavioral profiles of consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products and find that this segment of consumers were more likely to be females, married and with at least one child living at home.
Abstract: Concerns related to the environment are evident in the increasingly ecologically conscious marketplace. Using various statistical analyses, investigats the demographic, psychological and behavioral profiles of consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products. Finds that this segment of consumers were more likely to be females, married and with at least one child living at home. They reported that today’s ecological problems are severe, that corporations do not act responsibly toward the environment and that behaving in an ecologically favorable fashion is important and not inconvenient. They place a high importance on security and warm relationships with others, and they often consider ecological issues when making a purchase. Managerial implications for green marketers and suggestions for future research are discussed.
2,130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied employees of state-owned companies in Bulgaria, a country that has traditionally had a central-planning economy, a totalitarian political system, and collectivist values.
Abstract: Past studies in U.S. work organizations have supported a model derived from self-determination theory in which autonomy-supportive work climates predict satisfaction of the intrinsic needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness, which in turn predict task motivation and psychological adjustment on the job. To test this model cross-culturally, the authors studied employees of state-owned companies in Bulgaria, a country that has traditionally had a central-planning economy, a totalitarian political system, and collectivist values. A sample from a privately owned American corporation was used for comparison purposes. Results using structural equation modeling suggested that the model fit the data from each country, that the constructs were equivalent across countries, and that some paths of the structural model fit equivalently for the two countries but that county moderated the other paths.
1,609 citations
TL;DR: The overlap of the observed activations with those seen previously in response to tactile stimuli, gustatory stimuli, and euphoria-inducing drugs is consistent with a contribution of common circuitry to the processing of diverse rewards.
1,361 citations
[...]
TL;DR: A survey of existing theoretical and empirical work on corruption with a view to identifying opportunities for further research can be found in this paper, where a review of the factors that favour or deter the growth of corruption is presented.
Abstract: As is increasingly recognised in academic literature and by international organisations, corruption acts as a major deterrent to growth and development. The aim of this survey is to organise and summarise existing theoretical and empirical work on corruption with a view to identifying opportunities for further research. The paper begins with a brief overview of key definitions of corruption, and then turns to a review of the factors that favour or deter the growth of corruption together with a brief look at related models. This is followed by an examination of the consequences of corruption for society, and the consideration of measures that might help to reduce corruption. The paper ends with suggestions for future research and includes summaries of data sources and key variables for use in this research.
1,233 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis of the data from empirical investigations of diversity in work groups was used to examine the impact of two types of diversity attributes, highly job-related and less jobrelated, on work group cohesion and performance.
816 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that recasts appear to be most effective in contexts where it is clear to the learner that the recast is a reaction to the accuracy of the form, not the content, of the original utterance.
Abstract: Some researchers suggest that recasts are effective in showing learners how their current interlanguage differs from the target (Long & Robinson, 1998). Others have argued that recasts are ambiguous and may be perceived by the learner as confirmation of meaning rather than feedback on form (Lyster, 1998a). We review research on the effectiveness of recasts in first and second language acquisition, paying particular attention to how recasts have been defined and how their impact has been assessed in observational and experimental studies. We conclude that recasts appear to be most effective in contexts where it is clear to the learner that the recast is a reaction to the accuracy of the form, not the content, of the original utterance.
469 citations
TL;DR: Using Miles and Snow's typology to characterize business strategy, an outward technological profile contributes directly to organizational performance for the analyzer strategic activities, while an inward profile of technological deployment contributes indirectly to organizationalperformance for the prospector strategic activities.
Abstract: The objective of this empirical study is to identify various profiles of technological deployment specific to various types of business strategy that best support organizational performance. Top managers from 223 organizations completed two questionnaizres analyzed using a Partial Least Squares tool (PLS graph). Profiles of technological deployment based on the strategic impact of the information system department, the technological architecture, the information system performance evaluation and technological scanning were identified. Using Miles and Snow's typology to characterize business strategy, an outward technological profile contributes directly to organizational performance for the analyzer strategic activities, while an inward profile of technological deployment contributes indirectly to organizational performance for the prospector strategic activities.
466 citations
[...]
419 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the specificity of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and worry in a nonclinical sample and found that it was highly related to worry, moderately related to obsessions/compulsions, and weakly related to panic sensations.
Abstract: The goal of this study was to explore the specificity of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and worry in a nonclinical sample. Three hundred and forty-seven university students completed measures of worry, obsessions/compulsions, and panic sensations. They also completed measures of process variables known to be associated with worry (intolerance of uncertainty), obsessions/compulsions (responsibility), and panic sensations (anxiety sensitivity). The results show that intolerance of uncertainty was highly related to worry, moderately related to obsessions/compulsions, and weakly related to panic sensations. Further, the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and worry remained strong after shared variance with other study variables was removed. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding worry and preventing generalized anxiety disorder.
416 citations
02 Apr 2001
TL;DR: A notion of convertible constraints is developed and systematically analyzed, classify, and characterize this class and techniques which enable them to be readily pushed deep inside the recently developed FP-growth algorithm for frequent itemset mining are developed.
Abstract: Recent work has highlighted the importance of the constraint based mining paradigm in the context of frequent itemsets, associations, correlations, sequential patterns, and many other interesting patterns in large databases. The authors study constraints which cannot be handled with existing theory and techniques. For example, avg(S) /spl theta/ /spl nu/, median(S) /spl theta/ /spl nu/, sum(S) /spl theta/ /spl nu/ (S can contain items of arbitrary values) (/spl theta//spl isin/{/spl ges/, /spl les/}), are customarily regarded as "tough" constraints in that they cannot be pushed inside an algorithm such as a priori. We develop a notion of convertible constraints and systematically analyze, classify, and characterize this class. We also develop techniques which enable them to be readily pushed deep inside the recently developed FP-growth algorithm for frequent itemset mining. Results from our detailed experiments show the effectiveness of the techniques developed.
372 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate sequentially outcome-probabilities and expected payoffs associated with first-, second-and final bids in a large sample of tender offer contests, and show that the initial bidder's expected payoff is significantly positive in the "rival-bidder-win" outcome, in part reflecting gains from the pending toehold-sale.
Abstract: We estimate sequentially outcome-probabilities and expected payoffs associated with first-, second- and final bids in a large sample of tender offer contests. Rival bids arrive quickly and produce large bid-jumps. Greater bidder toeholds (pre-bid ownership of target shares) reduce the probability of competition and target resistance and are associated with both lower bid-premiums and lower pre-bid target stock-price runups. The expected payoff to target shareholders is increasing in the bid-premium and in the probability of competition, but decreasing in the bidder's toehold. The initial bidder's expected payoff is significantly positive in the "rival-bidder-win" outcome, in part reflecting gains from the pending toehold-sale. Despite these dramatic toehold effects, only half of the initial bidders acquire toeholds.
TL;DR: The authors argue that Chinese culture promotes the familial over the private self and that the attainment of familyoriented goals represents an important measure of self-realization and self-fulfillment.
Abstract: This article explores gift‐giving practices using data collected through interviews in Hong Kong. I argue that Chinese culture promotes the familial over the private self and that the attainment of family‐oriented goals represents an important measure of self‐realization and self‐fulfillment. Although each individual also has a private or inner self (chi), it is also subject to the collective will. This idea is in keeping with Confucian ideals that encourage the individual to focus on developing internal moral constraints and conquering selfishness in the pursuit of social propriety. Furthermore, the boundaries of the familial self are permeable and may include others, such as important romantic partners and, occasionally, close friends who become “like family.” In family and like‐family contexts, reciprocity is discouraged, and there is no need to build relationships through gift giving. Our research also suggests, however, that there are various gradations of intimacy in gift relationships against the b...
TL;DR: This paper investigated the association between interpersonal relationships, eating behaviors, and body esteem in a sample of adolescent girls and found that peer pressure was a strong predictor of eating behavior and body self-esteem after controlling for interpersonal variables.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the reluctance of a founder to let go of the business to his offspring and the succession process after the death of the founder, and highlight the need to manage conflict between family members and to plan for succession for the next generation effectively.
Abstract: For many founders of family firms, the decision to retire and relinquish control of the business to their offspring is difficult. Pierre Peladeau founded Quebecor Inc., a family business and a communications leader in the new economy. The present research describes the reluctance of the founder to let go of the business to his offspring and the succession process after the death of the founder. The methodology employed is a combination of case history and study of public documents. The study underscores the need to manage conflict between family members and to plan for succession for the next generation effectively.
TL;DR: This paper proposes a new adaptive control method in an effort to tune all the RBF parameters thereby reducing the approximation error and improving control performance.
Abstract: Recently, through the use of parameterized fuzzy approximators, various adaptive fuzzy control schemes have been developed to deal with nonlinear systems whose dynamics are poorly understood. An important class of parameterized fuzzy approximators is constructed using radial basis function (RBF) as a membership function. However, some tuneable parameters in RBF appear nonlinearly and the determination of the adaptive law for such parameters is a nontrivial task. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive control method in an effort to tune all the RBF parameters thereby reducing the approximation error and improving control performance. Global boundedness of the overall adaptive system and tracking to within a desired precision are established with the new adaptive controller. Simulations performed on a simple nonlinear system illustrate the approach.
TL;DR: Phasic elevations in nucleus accumbens dopamine evoked by exposure to unconditioned novel stimuli are dependent on impulse flow from the hippocampus and glutamatergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area of the VTA.
Abstract: In vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats was used to monitor novelty-evoked elevations in extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) and to examine the role of the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus and glutamatergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on these elevations. Exposure to novel stimuli evoked investigatory activity and increased nucleus accumbens dopamine. Unilateral injections of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (0.16 ng/0.5 microL) into the ventral subiculum ipsilateral to the dialysed NAS abolished novelty-evoked elevations in dopamine. Injections of tetrodotoxin into the contralateral VS did not prevent novelty-evoked elevations in nucleus accumbens dopamine. Unilateral perfusion (via microdialysis) of the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists kynurenic acid (1 mM) into the ipsilateral but not the contralateral VTA blocked novelty-evoked elevations in nucleus accumbens dopamine. Neither unilateral injections of tetrodotoxin nor unilateral perfusion of kynurenic acid disrupted investigatory behaviour. These data indicate that phasic elevations in nucleus accumbens dopamine evoked by exposure to unconditioned novel stimuli are dependent on impulse flow from the hippocampus and glutamatergic transmission in the VTA.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the efficacy of monitoring by the board of directors, and especially independent outside directors, in New Zealand and find that the effects of the Companies Act and related legislation are relatively benign in so far as influencing the relationship between firm performance and outside board representation is concerned.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the efficacy of monitoring by the board of directors, and especially independent outside directors, in New Zealand. The Companies and Financial Reporting Acts of 1993 provide a unique opportunity to examine if legislation directly designed to increase the fiduciary responsibility of the board had a discernible impact on the relationship between independent outside board representation and firm performance. We find that the effects of the Companies Act and related legislation are relatively benign in so far as influencing the relationship between firm performance and outside board representation is concerned. The legislation did not seem to enhance or weaken the positive relationship between outside board representation and firm performance.
TL;DR: Adolescents' friendship quality and observed emotional expression with their best friends were predicted from reports of their mother's interpersonal relationships-specifically the quality of her marriage and social network and two models explaining these relationships received support.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined infants' visual preferences for gender-stereotyped toys and their knowledge of stereotyped toys using an adaptation of the preferential looking paradigm using two experiments.
Abstract: Infants' visual preferences for gender-stereotyped toys and their knowledge of stereotyped toys were examined in two experiments using an adaptation of the preferential looking paradigm. Girls and boys aged 12, 18, and 24 months were tested for their preference for photos of vehicles or dolls, and for whether they associated (''matched'') these two stereotyped sets of toys with the faces and voices of male and female children. Results of Experiment 1 (N = 77) demonstrated significant preferences for gender stereotyped toys appearing by 18 months of age. In Experiment 2 (N = 58), girls were able to associate the gender-stereotyped toys with girls' and boys' faces by 18 months of age, but boys were not. Implications for theories of early gender development are discussed.
TL;DR: As new information technologies are being developed, so have new generations of information products as discussed by the authors, and because these new products appear highly intangible, this renews the debate about intangibility.
Abstract: As new information technologies are being developed, so have new generations of information products. Because these new products appear highly intangible, this renews the debate about intangibility...
21 Jul 2001
TL;DR: A robust routing protocol that tolerates up to roughly 40% of variation in the transmission ranges of the mobile hosts and guarantees message delivery in a connected adhoc network whenever the ratio of the maximum transmission range to the minimum transmission range is at most √2.
Abstract: Several papers showed how to perform routing in ad hoc wireless networks based on the positions of the mobile hosts. However, all these protocols are likely to fail if the transmission ranges of the mobile hosts vary due to natural or man-made obstacles or weather conditions. These protocols may fail because in routing either some connections are not considered which effectively results in disconnecting the network, or the use of some connections causes livelocks. In this paper, we describe a robust routing protocol that tolerates up to roughly 40% of variation in the transmission ranges of the mobile hosts. More precisely, our protocol guarantees message delivery in a connected adhoc network whenever the ratio of the maximum transmission range to the minimum transmission range is at most √2.
TL;DR: This article found that microclimatic conditions in business district open spaces tend to be more extreme than prevailing weather conditions. Although the buildings are chiefly responsible for this inclemency, their shape...
Abstract: Microclimatic conditions in business district open spaces tend to be more extreme than prevailing weather conditions. Although the buildings are chiefly responsible for this inclemency, their shape...
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element method for the solution of 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows is presented, where a Galerkin-least-squares variational formulation is used allowing equal-order approximations for all unknowns.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors formulate a dynamically consistent model of optimal portfolio choice subject to value at risk (VaR) limits and show that the conclusions of earlier papers are incorrect if, consistently with common practice, the portfolio VaR is reevaluated dynamically making use of available conditioning information.
Abstract: Value at Risk (VaR) has emerged in recent years as a standard tool to measure and control the risk of trading portfolios. Yet, existing theoretical analyses of the optimal behavior of a trader subject to VaR limits have produced a negative view of VaR as a risk-control tool. In particular, VaR limits have been found to induce increased risk exposure in some states and an increased probability of extreme losses. However, these conclusions are based on models that are either static or dynamically inconsistent. In this paper, we formulate a dynamically consistent model of optimal portfolio choice subject to VaR limits and show that the conclusions of earlier papers are incorrect if, consistently with common practice, the portfolio VaR is reevaluated dynamically making use of available conditioning information. In particular, we find that the risk exposure of a trader subject to a VaR limit is always lower than that of an unconstrained trader and that the probability of extreme losses is also lower. We also consider risk limits formulated in terms of Tail Conditional Expectation (TCE), a coherent risk measure often advocated as an alternative to VaR, and show that in our dynamic setting it is always possible to transform a TCE limit into an equivalent VaR limit, amid conversely.
TL;DR: Applying generic network-centric computing will lead to a networked economy characterized by service integration, and the ASP model will foster a new generation of distributed, component-based computing services characterized by finer computing granularity.
Abstract: Built upon developments in selective outsourcing, application hosting and browser-based computing, the application service provider (ASP) model shifts the purchase of computing power from a product to a rented-service form. If it can overcome the challenges facing it, the ASP model will foster a new generation of distributed, component-based computing services characterized by finer computing granularity, global cooperation and specialization, multimedia data handling, binary integration, mobile computing and pervasiveness across a full spectrum of electrical and electronic devices. Applying generic network-centric computing will lead to a networked economy characterized by service integration.
TL;DR: There were significant main effects for Interest and Goal Orientation on the main-idea selection measure: high-interest students selected more main ideas than low- interest students, and rewarded students outperformed learning goal-oriented students.
TL;DR: The CLQ appears to be a reliable and sensitive measure of claustrophobia and its component fears and is encouraged to be used in a variety of clinical and research applications.
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: This chapter does not claim the title of an exhaustive review of research on the teaching and learning of linear algebra at the undergraduate level, but rather analyzes the sources of students' difficulties and their nature, as well as conducting research based and controlled teaching experiments.
Abstract: It is commonly claimed in the discussions about the teaching and learning of linear algebra that linear algebra courses are badly designed and badly taught, and that no matter how it is taught, linear algebra remains a cognitively and conceptually difficult subject. This leads to (a) curricular reform actions, (b) analyzing the sources of students' difficulties and their nature, as well as (c) research based and controlled teaching experiments. This chapter is organized along these three axes of action and research. The chapter does not claim the title of an exhaustive review of research on the teaching and learning of linear algebra at the undergraduate level. All omissions should be blamed on the authors' ignorance rather than their bad will.
TL;DR: In this article, a measurement model and a structural model for the determinants of the degree of advertising standardization were proposed at the MNC level, and the mediation effect of MNC's degree of control over the subsidiary was tested and validated.
Abstract: Although there have been several studies concerning the issue of advertising standardization, few authors have proposed an integrated model of the determinants of advertising standardization Even if the extent of control of Multinational Corporations (MNC) over their subsidiaries is often cited as a key element in the determination of the level of advertising standardization adopted by the MNCs, there is no consistent view concerning the role of this variable. This paper attempts to clarify these points by proposing, at the MNC level, a measurement model and a structural model for the determinants of the degree of advertising standardization. In this model, the mediation effect of the MNC's degree of control over the subsidiary is tested and validated. In addition, the measurement instruments used for the determinants are confirmed.