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Showing papers by "Concordia University published in 2014"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that, in terms of achievement outcomes, BL conditions exceed CI conditions by about one-third of a standard deviation, and how this line of research can improve pedagogy and student achievement is explored.
Abstract: This paper serves several purposes. First and foremost, it is devoted to developing a better understanding of the effectiveness of blended learning (BL) in higher education. This is achieved through a meta-analysis of a sub-collection of comparative studies of BL and classroom instruction (CI) from a larger systematic review of technology integration (Schmid et al. in Comput Educ 72:271–291, 2014). In addition, the methodology of meta-analysis is described and illustrated by examples from the current study. The paper begins with a summary of the experimental research on distance education (DE) and online learning (OL), encapsulated in meta-analyses that have been conducted since 1990. Then it introduces the Bernard et al. (Rev Educ Res 74(3):379–439, 2009) meta-analysis, which attempted to alter the DE research culture of always comparing DE/OL with CI by examining three forms of interaction treatments (i.e., student–student, student–teacher, student–content) within DE, using the theoretical framework of Moore (Am J Distance Educ 3(2):1–6, 1989) and Anderson (Rev Res Open Distance Learn 4(2):9–14, 2003). The rest of the paper revolves around the general steps and procedures (Cooper in Research synthesis and meta-analysis: a step-by-step approach, 4th edn, SAGE, Los Angeles, CA, 2010) involved in conducting a meta-analysis. This section is included to provide researchers with an overview of precisely how meta-analyses can be used to respond to more nuanced questions that speak to underlying theory and inform practice—in other words, not just answers to the “big questions.” In this instance, we know that technology has an overall positive impact on learning (g + = +0.35, p < .01, Tamim et al. in Rev Educ Res 81(3):4–28, 2011), but the sub-questions addressed here concern BL interacting with technology in higher education. The results indicate that, in terms of achievement outcomes, BL conditions exceed CI conditions by about one-third of a standard deviation (g + = 0.334, k = 117, p < .001) and that the kind of computer support used (i.e., cognitive support vs. content/presentational support) and the presence of one or more interaction treatments (e.g., student–student/–teacher/–content interaction) serve to enhance student achievement. We examine the empirical studies that yielded these outcomes, work through the methodology that enables evidence-based decision-making, and explore how this line of research can improve pedagogy and student achievement.

496 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the first systematic attempt to use a meta-analysis and controlled, longitudinal studies to examine the relations of specific types of motivation to overall academic achievement.

478 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors make the case for a richer conception predicated on broader intellectual engagement and identify some preconditions for its practical fulfilment, and suggest that interdisciplinary dialogue should engender plural representations of Earth's present and future that are reflective of divergent human values and aspirations.
Abstract: Calls for more broad-based, integrated, useful knowledge now abound in the world of global environmental change science. They evidence many scientists' desire to help humanity confront the momentous biophysical implications of its own actions. But they also reveal a limited conception of social science and virtually ignore the humanities. They thereby endorse a stunted conception of 'human dimensions' at a time when the challenges posed by global environmental change are increasing in magnitude, scale and scope. Here, we make the case for a richer conception predicated on broader intellectual engagement and identify some preconditions for its practical fulfilment. Interdisciplinary dialogue, we suggest, should engender plural representations of Earth's present and future that are reflective of divergent human values and aspirations. In turn, this might insure publics and decision-makers against overly narrow conceptions of what is possible and desirable as they consider the profound questions raised by global environmental change.

381 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model depicting how consumers' relationship with the elements of a brand community based on social media influence brand trust finds that three of the four relationships positively influence brandTrust, however, customer-other customers' relationships negatively influence brand Trust, which is counter intuitive and interesting.

370 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper provides an overview on SDN roots and then describes the architecture underlying SDN and its main components, and presents existing SDN-related taxonomies and proposes a taxonomy that classifies the reviewed research works and brings relevant research directions into focus.
Abstract: Software-defined networking (SDN) has recently gained unprecedented attention from industry and research communities, and it seems unlikely that this will be attenuated in the near future. The ideas brought by SDN, although often described as a “revolutionary paradigm shift” in networking, are not completely new since they have their foundations in programmable networks and control-data plane separation projects. SDN promises simplified network management by enabling network automation, fostering innovation through programmability, and decreasing CAPEX and OPEX by reducing costs and power consumption. In this paper, we aim at analyzing and categorizing a number of relevant research works toward realizing SDN promises. We first provide an overview on SDN roots and then describe the architecture underlying SDN and its main components. Thereafter, we present existing SDN-related taxonomies and propose a taxonomy that classifies the reviewed research works and brings relevant research directions into focus. We dedicate the second part of this paper to studying and comparing the current SDN-related research initiatives and describe the main issues that may arise due to the adoption of SDN. Furthermore, we review several domains where the use of SDN shows promising results. We also summarize some foreseeable future research challenges.

329 citations


Book ChapterDOI
03 Mar 2014
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that incentives of mixes and clients can be aligned to ensure that rational mixes will not steal, and the scheme offers similar anonymity to traditional communication mixes against active attackers.
Abstract: We propose Mixcoin, a protocol to facilitate anonymous payments in Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies. We build on the emergent phenomenon of currency mixes, adding an accountability mechanism to expose theft. We demonstrate that incentives of mixes and clients can be aligned to ensure that rational mixes will not steal. Our scheme is efficient and fully compatible with Bitcoin. Against a passive attacker, our scheme provides an anonymity set of all other users mixing coins contemporaneously. This is an interesting new property with no clear analog in better-studied communication mixes. Against active attackers our scheme offers similar anonymity to traditional communication mixes.

328 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) is used to support dynamic frequency control in a diesel-hybrid autonomous power system, where self-tuning algorithms are used to continuously search for optimal parameters during the operation of the VSM in order to minimize the amplitude and rate of change of the frequency variations and the power flow through the ESS.
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) to support dynamic frequency control in a diesel-hybrid autonomous power system. The proposed VSM entails controlling the grid-interface converter of an energy storage system (ESS) to emulate the inertial response and the damping power of a synchronous generator. In addition, self-tuning algorithms are used to continuously search for optimal parameters during the operation of the VSM in order to minimize the amplitude and rate of change of the frequency variations and the power flow through the ESS. The performances of the proposed self-tuning (ST)-VSM and the constant parameters (CP)-VSM were evaluated by comparing their inertial responses and their damping powers for different scenarios of load variations. For the simulated cases, the ST-VSM achieved a similar performance to that of the CP-VSM, while reducing the power flow through the ESS in up to 58%. Moreover, in all the simulated scenarios, the ST-VSM was found to be more efficient than the CP-VSM in attenuating frequency variations, i.e., it used less energy per Hertz reduced.

314 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sustained physical activity in older age is associated with improved overall health, and significant health benefits were even seen among participants who became physically active relatively late in life.
Abstract: Background Physical activity is associated with improved overall health in those people who survive to older ages, otherwise conceptualised as healthy ageing. Previous studies have examined the effects of mid-life physical activity on healthy ageing, but not the effects of taking up activity later in life. We examined the association between physical activity and healthy ageing over 8 years of follow-up. Methods Participants were 3454 initially disease-free men and women (aged 63.7±8.9 years at baseline) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective study of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline (2002–2003) and through follow-up. Healthy ageing, assessed at 8 years of follow-up (2010-2011), was defined as those participants who survived without developing major chronic disease, depressive symptoms, physical or cognitive impairment. Results At follow-up, 19.3% of the sample was defined as healthy ageing. In comparison with inactive participants, moderate (OR, 2.67, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.64), or vigorous activity (3.53, 2.54 to 4.89) at least once a week was associated with healthy ageing, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, marital status and wealth. Becoming active (multivariate adjusted, 3.37, 1.67 to 6.78) or remaining active (7.68, 4.18 to 14.09) was associated with healthy ageing in comparison with remaining inactive over follow-up. Conclusions Sustained physical activity in older age is associated with improved overall health. Significant health benefits were even seen among participants who became physically active relatively late in life.

300 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was a small, significant association between perceived discrimination and hypertension, and perceived discrimination was most strongly associated with nighttime ambulatory blood pressure, especially among Blacks.
Abstract: Objective Discrimination is posited to underlie racial disparities in hypertension. Extant literature suggests a possible association between racial discrimination and blood pressure, although inconsistent findings have been reported. The aim of this comprehensive systematic review was to quantitatively evaluate the association between perceived racial discrimination with hypertensive status and systolic, diastolic, and ambulatory blood pressure. Method Electronic database search of PubMed and PsycINFO (keywords: blood pressure/hypertension/diastolic/systolic, racism/discrimination/prejudice/unfair treatment) was combined with descendancy and ascendancy approaches. Forty-four articles (N = 32,651) met inclusion criteria. Articles were coded for demographics, hypertensive diagnosis, blood pressure measurement, discrimination measure and constructs, study quality, and effect sizes. Results Random effects meta-analytic models were tested based on Fisher's Z, the derived common effect size metric. Overall, perceived racial discrimination was associated with hypertensive status, Zhypertension = 0.048, 95% CI [.013, .087], but not with resting blood pressure, Zsystolic = 0.011, 95% CI [-.006, .031], Zdiastolic = .016, 95% CI [-.006, .034]. Moderators that strengthened the relation included sex (male), race (Black), age (older), education (lower), and hypertensive status. Perceived discrimination was most strongly associated with nighttime ambulatory blood pressure, especially among Blacks. Conclusions Despite methodological limitations in the existing literature, there was a small, significant association between perceived discrimination and hypertension. Future studies should consider ambulatory nighttime blood pressure, which may more accurately capture daily variation attributable to experienced racial discrimination. Perceived discrimination may partly explain racial health disparities.

287 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This meta-analysis has implications for the measurement of subjective SES in adolescents, for the conceptualization of subjective and objective SES, and for the pathways between SES and health in adolescents.
Abstract: Objective To comprehensively and quantitatively examine the association between subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes during adolescence. Methods Forty-four studies met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Information on study quality, demographics, subjective SES, health outcomes, and covariates were extracted from each study. Fisher's Z was selected as the common effect size metric across studies. Random-effect meta-analytic models were employed and fail-safe numbers were generated to address publication bias. Results Overall, subjective SES was associated with health during adolescence (Fisher's Z = .10). The magnitude of the effect varied by type of health outcome, with larger effects observed for mental health outcomes, self-rated health, and general health symptoms; and nonsignificant effects observed for biomarkers of health and substance-use-related health behaviors. Of the measures of subjective SES employed in the reviewed studies, perception of financial constraints, was most strongly associated with adolescent health outcomes. Analysis of covariates indicated that inclusion of objective SES covariates did not affect the association between subjective SES and health. Conclusions This meta-analysis has implications for the measurement of subjective SES in adolescents, for the conceptualization of subjective and objective SES, and for the pathways between SES and health in adolescents.

270 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated model consisting of crack quantification, change detection, neural networks, and 3D visualization models to visualize the defects in such a way that it mimics the on-site visual inspections is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The move towards understanding of anaerobic fungi using -omics based (genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic) approaches is starting to yield valuable insights into the unique cellular processes, evolutionary history, metabolic capabilities and adaptations that exist within the Neocallimastigomycota.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, phase change materials (PCMs) are used in domestic hot water tanks (HWT) and transpired solar collector (TSC) using water/air as the heat transfer media.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper proposes an optimal centralized scheduling method to jointly control the electricity consumption of home appliances and plug-in EVs as well as to discharge the latter ones when they have excess energy, thereby increasing the reliability and stability of microgrids and giving lower electricity prices to customers.
Abstract: The integration of renewable energy sources and electrical vehicles (EVs) into microgrids is becoming a popular green approach. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, several incentives are given to use renewable energy sources and EVs. By using EVs as electricity storage and renewable energy sources as distributed generators (DGs), microgrids become more reliable, stable, and cost-effective. In this paper, we propose an optimal centralized scheduling method to jointly control the electricity consumption of home appliances and plug-in EVs as well as to discharge the latter ones when they have excess energy, thereby increasing the reliability and stability of microgrids and giving lower electricity prices to customers. We mathematically formulate the scheduling method as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem and solve it to optimality. We compare the optimal solution to that obtained from a scheduling framework, where EVs do not have discharge capabilities, decentralized charge control using game theory and to a solution obtained from a naive scheduling framework.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that due to the social and networked nature of social media it is an ideal environment forBrand communities and researchers are advised to consider these dimensions while conducting research on brand communities and social media.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 May 2014
TL;DR: Experimental results in objective and subjective evaluations show that the use of the mixture density output layer improves the prediction accuracy of acoustic features and the naturalness of the synthesized speech.
Abstract: Statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) using deep neural networks (DNNs) has shown its potential to produce naturally-sounding synthesized speech. However, there are limitations in the current implementation of DNN-based acoustic modeling for speech synthesis, such as the unimodal nature of its objective function and its lack of ability to predict variances. To address these limitations, this paper investigates the use of a mixture density output layer. It can estimate full probability density functions over real-valued output features conditioned on the corresponding input features. Experimental results in objective and subjective evaluations show that the use of the mixture density output layer improves the prediction accuracy of acoustic features and the naturalness of the synthesized speech.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By differentiating specific varieties of prosocial behavior within the general category, this paper can begin to explain inconsistencies in the past literature and provide a framework for directing future research into the ontogenetic origins of these essential social behaviors.
Abstract: The development and maintenance of prosocial, other-oriented behaviors has been of considerable recent interest. Though it is clear that prosocial behaviors emerge early and play a uniquely important role in the social lives of humans, there is less consensus regarding the mechanisms that underlie and maintain these fundamental acts. The goal of this paper is to clarify inconsistencies in our understanding of the early emergence and development of prosocial behavior by proposing a taxonomy of prosocial behavior anchored in the social-cognitive constraints that underlie the ability to act on behalf of others. I will argue that within the general domain of prosocial behavior, other-oriented actions can be categorized into three distinct types (helping, sharing, and comforting) that reflect responses to three distinct negative states (instrumental need, unmet material desire, and emotional distress). In support of this proposal, I will demonstrate that the three varieties of prosocial behavior show unique ages of onset, uncorrelated patterns of production, and distinct patterns of individual differences. Importantly, by differentiating specific varieties of prosocial behavior within the general category, we can begin to explain inconsistencies in the past literature and provide a framework for directing future research into the ontogenetic origins of these essential social behaviors.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
29 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use source code comments in four large open source software projects (Eclipse, Chromium OS, Apache HTTP Server, and ArgoUML) to identify self-admitted technical debt.
Abstract: Throughout a software development life cycle, developers knowingly commit code that is either incomplete, requires rework, produces errors, or is a temporary workaround. Such incomplete or temporary workarounds are commonly referred to as 'technical debt'. Our experience indicates that self-admitted technical debt is common in software projects and may negatively impact software maintenance, however, to date very little is known about them. Therefore, in this paper, we use source-code comments in four large open source software projects-Eclipse, Chromium OS, Apache HTTP Server, and ArgoUML to identify self-admitted technical debt. Using the identified technical debt, we study 1) the amount of self-admitted technical debt found in these projects, 2) why this self-admitted technical debt was introduced into the software projects and 3) how likely is the self-admitted technical debt to be removed after their introduction. We find that the amount of self-admitted technical debt exists in 2.4% -- 31% of the files. Furthermore, we find that developers with higher experience tend to introduce most of the self-admitted technical debt and that time pressures and complexity of the code do not correlate with the amount of self-admitted technical debt. Lastly, although self-admitted technical debt is meant to be addressed or removed in the future, only between 26.3% -- 63.5% of self-admitted technical debt gets removed from projects after introduction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied how product intangibility and its moderators affect perceived risk in an online shopping setting and found that mental tangibility had more impact over perceived risk than physical tangibility, while product knowledge reduced the perceived risk more than brand familiarity.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2014
TL;DR: This paper shows that differential privacy could be tuned to provide provable privacy guarantees even in the correlated setting by introducing an extra parameter, which measures the extent of correlation, and provides a holistic solution for non-interactive network data publication.
Abstract: With the increasing prevalence of information networks, research on privacy-preserving network data publishing has received substantial attention recently. There are two streams of relevant research, targeting different privacy requirements. A large body of existing works focus on preventing node re-identification against adversaries with structural background knowledge, while some other studies aim to thwart edge disclosure. In general, the line of research on preventing edge disclosure is less fruitful, largely due to lack of a formal privacy model. The recent emergence of differential privacy has shown great promise for rigorous prevention of edge disclosure. Yet recent research indicates that differential privacy is vulnerable to data correlation, which hinders its application to network data that may be inherently correlated. In this paper, we show that differential privacy could be tuned to provide provable privacy guarantees even in the correlated setting by introducing an extra parameter, which measures the extent of correlation. We subsequently provide a holistic solution for non-interactive network data publication. First, we generate a private vertex labeling for a given network dataset to make the corresponding adjacency matrix form dense clusters. Next, we adaptively identify dense regions of the adjacency matrix by a data-dependent partitioning process. Finally, we reconstruct a noisy adjacency matrix by a novel use of the exponential mechanism. To our best knowledge, this is the first work providing a practical solution for publishing real-life network data via differential privacy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach performs well on different types of real-life network datasets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An economic order quantity model for the retailer is proposed where the retailer’s optimal credit period and cycle time not only exist but also are unique and several special cases are discussed including for non-deteriorating items.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal study examined the association between participation in school sport during adolescence and mental health in early adulthood and found that participation in sport was a statistically significant predictor of lower depression symptoms, lower perceived stress, and higher self-rated mental health.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A neural network-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme is presented to detect and isolate faults in a highly nonlinear dynamics of an aircraft jet engine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Weighted urban proliferation (WUP) as discussed by the authors is based on the following definition of urban sprawl: the more area built over in a given landscape and the more dispersed this built-up area in the landscape (spatial configuration), and the higher the uptake of builtup area per inhabitant or job (lower utilization intensity in the built up area).

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2014
TL;DR: Light is shed on how the server-end of some meters functions, examples of highly inconsistent strength outcomes for the same password in different meters are provided, and examples of many weak passwords being labeled as strong or even very strong may confuse users in choosing a stronger password.
Abstract: Millions of users are exposed to password-strength meters/checkers at highly popular web services that use user- chosen passwords for authentication. Recent studies have found evidence that some meters actually guide users to choose better passwords—which is a fairly rare-bit of good news in password research. However, these meters are mostly based on ad-hoc design. At least, as we found, most vendors do not provide any explanation of their design choices, sometimes making them appear to be a black box. We analyze password meters deployed in selected popular websites, by measuring the strength labels assigned to common passwords from several password dictionaries. From this empirical analysis with millions of passwords, we report prominent characteristics of meters as deployed at popular websites. We shed light on how the server-end of some meters functions, provide examples of highly inconsistent strength outcomes for the same password in different meters, along with examples of many weak passwords being labeled as strong or even very strong. These weaknesses and inconsistencies may confuse users in choosing a stronger password, and thus may weaken the purpose of these meters. On the other hand, we believe these findings may help improve existing meters, and possibly make them an effective tool in the long run.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both the antifouling and antimicrobial results suggest the potential of using these novel surface coatings in controlling the fouling of RO membranes.
Abstract: Thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are prone to biofouling due to their inherent physicochemical surface properties. In order to address the biofouling problem, we have developed novel surface coatings functionalized with biocidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and antifouling polymer brushes via polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly. The novel surface coating was prepared with polyelectrolyte LBL films containing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), with the latter being either pure PEI or silver nanoparticles coated with PEI (Ag–PEI). The coatings were further functionalized by grafting of polymer brushes, using either hydrophilic poly(sulfobetaine) or low surface energy poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The presence of both LBL films and sulfobetaine polymer brushes at the interface significantly increased the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, while PDMS brushes lowered the membrane surface energy. Overall, all surface modifications resulted in significant reduction of irreversible bacterial cell adhesion. In microbial adhesion tests with E. coli bacteria, a normalized cell adhesion in the range of only 4 to 16% on the modified membrane surfaces was observed. Modified surfaces containing silver nanoparticles also exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. Membranes coated with LBL films of PAA/Ag–PEI achieved over 95% inactivation of bacteria attached to the surface within 1 hour of contact time. Both the antifouling and antimicrobial results suggest the potential of using these novel surface coatings in controlling the fouling of RO membranes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of external environmental locus of control (i.e., external-ELOC) is tested, consisting of two superordinate dimensions: powerful-others (encapping corporate and government responsibility facets) and chance/fate (incorporating God/higher-power and natural earth-cycle facets).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To assess the usefulness of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment total score and Memory Index Score in predicting conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an apples-to- apples comparison study is conducted.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the usefulness of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score (MoCA-TS) and Memory Index Score (MoCA-MIS) in predicting conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Community-based memory clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals meeting Petersen’s MCI criteria (N = 165). MEASUREMENTS: Baseline MoCA scores at MCI diagnosis were collected from charts of eligible individuals with MCI, and MoCA-TS, MoCA-MIS, and a cognitive domain index score were calculated to assess their prognostic value in predicting conversion to AD. RESULTS: One hundred fourteen participants progressed to AD (MCI-AD), and 51 did not (nonconverters; MCINC); 90.5% of participants with MCI with a MoCA-TS less than 20/30 and a MoCA-MIS less than 7/15 at baseline converted to AD within the average follow-up period of 18 months, compared with 52.7% of participants with MCI above the cutoffs on both scores. Individuals with multiple-domain amnestic MCI had the highest AD conversion rates (73.9%). CONCLUSION: Identifying individuals with MCI at high risk of conversion to AD is important clinically and for selecting appropriate subjects for therapeutic trials. Individuals with MCI with a low MoCA-TS and a low newly devised memory index score (MoCA-MIS) are at greater risk of short-term conversion to AD. J Am Geriatr Soc 62:679–684, 2014.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reconstitute a 10-gene plant pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that allows for the production of dihydrosanguinarine and its oxidized derivative sanguinine from (R,S)-norlaudanosoline and demonstrates the feasibility of the productionof high-value alkaloids in microbial systems.
Abstract: Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) represent a large class of plant secondary metabolites, including pharmaceuticals such as morphine, codeine and their derivatives. Large-scale production of BIA-based pharmaceuticals is limited to extraction and derivatization of alkaloids that accumulate in planta. Synthesis of BIAs in microbial hosts could bypass such limitations and transform both industrial production of BIAs with recognized value and research into uncharacterized BIAs. Here we reconstitute a 10-gene plant pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that allows for the production of dihydrosanguinarine and its oxidized derivative sanguinarine from (R,S)-norlaudanosoline. Synthesis of dihydrosanguinarine also yields the side-products N-methylscoulerine and N-methylcheilanthifoline, the latter of which has not been detected in plants. This work represents the longest reconstituted alkaloid pathway ever assembled in yeast and demonstrates the feasibility of the production of high-value alkaloids in microbial systems.