Showing papers by "Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne published in 2012"

A New Method in Data Envelopment Analysis to Find Efficient Decision Making Units and Rank both Technical Efficient and Inefficient DMUs together

Abstract: The inefficient DMUs are usually arranged after the technical efficient ones by DEA methods, however, it is possible that a technical efficient DMU neither be efficient nor be more efficient than some inefficient ones. This study distinguishes between the terms ‘technical efficiency’ and ‘efficiency’ and demonstrates that the technical efficiency is a necessary condition for being efficient and it is not an enough condition to call a DMU as efficient DMU. The study identifies the definitions of those terms and gives a new strong method to characterize efficient DMUs among the technical efficient ones. The new method, although, avoids the need for recourse to prices, weights or other assumptions between inputs and outputs of DMUs, it is also able to consider the prices and weights. A numerical example is also characterized the worth and benefits of the new proposed model in comparison with all current DEA models.

Fuzzy logic-assisted geographical routing over vehicular ad hoc networks

Abstract: Vehiculiu: Ad Hoc Network" (VANET,,) i" a type of ad hoc network that allows vehicles to communicate with each other in the absence of ji'J:ed infrastruct'ure. Inter-vehicle geographic ro'uting has been proven to perform well in high speed vehic'ular environments. In connected and reliable cehicular scenarios, greedy based geographical toutuu; protocol" could forward data packet" efficiently and q'uiekly toward" the de"tination. However, e'J:tremely dynamic cehicular euoironmcnts and 'uneven distrib'ution of vehicles could create 'unreliable wireless charmels between vehicles and disconnected cehicular partitions. On the one hand, in connected uehiculur networks, an intelligent multi-metric ro'uting protocol must be e'J:ploited in consideration of the 'unreliable nature of wireless channcls between vehicles and vehic'ular mobility characteristics. On the other hand, a mechanism must be 'utilized to create a tnrtuu! bridge between vehicles in disconnected cehicular scenurios. To thi" end, we fir"tly propose a novel Stability and Reliability aware Routinq (SRR) protocol that forward" packet" with a high degree of reliability and "tability toward" the destination. That is, the SRR protocol incorporate" fuzzy loou: with geographical ro'uting when making packet forwarding decisions. Ro'uting metric», sucl: as direction and distance, are considered as inp'uts of the fuzzy decision making system so that the best preferable neighbo'ur annuul a "mart vehiele i" "elected. We then 'utilize a mechanism to cache data packets once the network is disconnected and then switch back to SRR in a connected vehic'ular scenario. Traffic density is considered as an inp'ut when estimating network dis-connectivity. After devcloping an analytical modcl of our protocol, we implemented it and compared it with standard protocols. In a realistic highway uchicular scetuirio, the results "how that the propo"ed protocol perform" better than Greedy Perimeter Coordinator RO'uting (GPCR) with increases of 'up to 21.12 %, 2.9.,14 % and //..98 %in packet dcliver;1J ratio in high lossy clumnel, sparse, and dense traffic conditions respectivcly. In terms of average packet dclay, SRR performs better with performance increases of 'up to 2,1..92 % in deus« traffic condition". But, GPCR perform" better in sparse traffic condition" by 'up to ,16.,10 %. Finally, SRR ha" Ie"" control overhead than the "tate of the art protocol".

Cost-Efficiency by Arash Method in DEA

Abstract: Arash Method (AM) was recently proposed to distinguish between efficient decision making units (DMUs) and technically efficient ones where there are no any prices, weights or other assumptions between inputs and outputs of DMUs. This paper illustrates that AM is also able to evaluate the cost-efficiency of DMUs. Indeed, this paper represents that there is no require using cost-efficiency model with possessing AM with a proposition and some examples.

Annulus with circular slit map of bounded multiply connected regions via integral equation method

Abstract: This paper presents a boundary integral equation method for the numerical conformal mapping of bounded multiply connected region onto an annulus with circular slits. The method is based on some uniquely solvable linear integral equations with classical, adjoint and generalized Neumann kernels. These boundary integral equations are constructed from a boundary relationship that relates the mapping function f on a multiply connected region with f', theta', and vertical bar f vertical bar, where theta is the boundary correspondence function. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the presented method.

Circular Slits Map of Bounded Multiply Connected Regions

Abstract: We present a boundary integral equation method for the numerical conformal mapping of bounded multiply connected region onto a circular slit region. The method is based on some uniquely solvable boundary integral equations with adjoint classical, adjoint generalized, and modified Neumann kernels. These boundary integral equations are constructed from a boundary relationship satisfied by a function analytic on a multiply connected region. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the presented method.

Comparing Arash Model with SBM in DEA

Abstract: This paper demonstrates the advantages of Arash Method (AM) in comparison with slack based measure (SBM) to benchmark decision making units (DMUs). The paper also suggests the nonlinear AM. A proposition and a numerical example are also illustrated the validity of the statements.

A Boundary Integral Equation with the Generalized Neumann Kernel for a Certain Class of Mixed Boundary Value Problem

Abstract: We present a uniquely solvable boundary integral equation with the generalized Neumann kernel for solving two-dimensional Laplace’s equation on multiply connected regions with mixed boundary condition. Two numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.

Study of the presence of priority pesticides in surface water of river basins located in two areas of intensive dairy farming in the NW Spain (Galicia)

Abstract: This study provides data about the monitoring over two years of 54 target pesticides in surface water of two river catchments located in two areas of the most intensive dairy farms of Galicia (NW S...

Arash method and uncontrollable data in DEA

Abstract: The uncontrollable data such as environmental variables are a kind of data which cannot be controlled by managers or users, but they may affect in assessing the performance evaluation of decision making units (DMU). In this paper, the Arash Method (AM) is improved to assess the efficiency scores of DMUs which have some uncontrollable data. Moreover, the paper illustrates how it would be possible to examine the effects of uncontrollable data to find the efficient DMUs among the technical efficient ones and also arrange both inefficient and technical efficient DMUs at the same time. A numerical example is also considered to depict the validity and capabilities of the proposed extension Arash Method.

Phosphorus Determination after Mehlich 3 Extraction and Anion Exchange Resin in an Agricultural Soil of Northwestern Spain

Abstract: Differences in soil phosphorus (P) contents measured by various techniques may have implications for agronomic and environmental testing. Reduced-tillage systems combined with surface manure application increase the potential risk of nutrient losses by surface runoff. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of livestock slurry on nutrient accumulation at the surface layer of an acidic soil rich in organic matter with excess P levels and loamy texture. Two reduced-tillage systems, no tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT), and four different fertilizer treatments were assessed. The amounts of P extracted by anion-exchange resin (AER) and by Mehlich 3 (M3) were compared; in addition, differences between two determination methods of P contents extracted by Mehlich 3, namely molybdic acid colorimetric standard procedure (M3-COL) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy (M3-ICP), were evaluated. Ninety-six soil samples were taken from the 0- to 5-cm surface layer in three successive dates aft...

Parameter estimation of stochastic differential equation

Abstract: Non-parametric modeling is a method which relies heavily on data and motivated by the smoothness properties in estimating a function which involves spline and non-spline approaches. Spline approach consists of regression spline and smoothing spline. Regression spline with Bayesian approach is considered in the first step of a two-step method in estimating the structural parameters for stochastic differential equation (SDE). The selection of knot and order of spline can be done heuristically based on the scatter plot. To overcome the subjective and tedious process of selecting the optimal knot and order of spline, an algorithm was proposed. A single optimal knot is selected out of all the points with exception of the first and the last data which gives the least value of Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) for each order of spline. The use is illustrated using observed data of opening share prices of Petronas Gas Bhd. The results showed that the Mean Square Errors (MSE) for stochastic model with parameters estimated using optimal knot for 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 runs of Brownian motions are smaller than the SDE models with estimated parameters using knot selected heuristically. This verified the viability of the two-step method in the estimation of the drift and diffusion parameters of SDE with an improvement of a single knot selection.

Effect of pasture allowance and cows' lactation stage on perennial ryegrass sward quality, pasture dry matter intake and milk performance of Holstein-Friesian cows

Abstract: Efficient exploitation of grass for cattle requires the application of appropriated grassland management strategies to maximize pasture dry matter intake (PDMI) while maintaining high sward quality over the grazing season by applying an adequate stocking rate (SR). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two SR (cows ha -1 ), low (L, 3.9) and high (H, 4.8), on swards chemical composition, PDMI and milk performance of Holstein-Friesian cows (n=72) at two stages of lactation (SL), spring (S) and autumn (A) calving. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups (LS, LA, HS and HA) in a 2x2 factorial design. The high SR groups completed 5 rotations, with more grazing days (+13), lower pre- (14.3) and post-grazing (5.3) heights (cm) and higher herbage utilization (81.7%). The herbage allowance and PDMI (kg DM cow -1 day -1 ) were lower (p<0.05) with high SR (16.4 and 13.4) but higher (p<0.05) (g kg -1 DM) protein (149.1), carbohydrates (166.7) and digestibility (746.8) and lower (p<0.05) DM (18.4%), acid (283.5) and neutral detergent (508.6) fibre (g kg -1 DM) were found. Sward quality is deteriorated (p<0.05) from rotation 1 to 5, lower decrease occurred with high SR. Milk yield (MY) was higher (p<0.05) in spring calving cows (24.8 kg cow -1 day -1 ), with the lowest (p<0.05) milk protein (28.9) and fat (36.9) (g kg -1 DM). No differences were found on MY between treatments for SR, but higher protein and fat were reached using high SR. Increasing SR is achieved lower PDMI, but higher sward quality without penalizing MY and quality. Efficient exploitation of grass for cattle requires the application of appropriated grassland management strategies to maximize pasture dry matter intake (PDMI) while maintaining high sward quality by allocating cows to an adequate pasture allowance (PA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two PA, low (L) vs. high (H), on sward quality, PDMI and milk performance of Holstein-Friesian cows (n=72) at two lactation stages (LS), early (E) vs. middle (M). Cows were randomly assigned to four groups (LE, LM, HE and HM) in a 2×2 factorial design. The low PA treatments completed 5 rotations, with more grazing days (+13), lower pre- (14.3) and post-grazing (5.3) sward heights (cm) and higher herbage utilization (81.7%). The low PA had higher stocking rate than the high PA treatments (4.8 vs. 3.9 cows ha -1 ) and lower PDMI (13.4 kg vs. 14.4 DM cow -1 day -1 ) with higher ( p <0.05) (g kg -1 DM) protein (149.1), carbohydrates (166.7) and digestibility (746.8) while lower ( p <0.05) DM (18.4%), acid (283.5) and neutral detergent (508.6) fibers (g kg -1 DM). Sward quality is deteriorated ( p <0.05) from rotation 1 to 5, lower decrease was found on low PA treatments. Milk yield (MY) was higher ( p <0.05) in cows at early LS (24.8 kg cow -1 day -1 ), with the lowest ( p <0.05) protein (28.9) and fat (36.9) content (g kg -1 ). No differences were found on MY between PA treatments, but higher protein and fat content were observed on low PA. Decreasing PA resulted in higher sward and milk quality without penalizing MY. Efficient exploitation of grass for cattle requires the application of appropriated grassland management strategies to maximize pasture dry matter intake (PDMI) while maintaining high sward quality by allocating cows to an adequate pasture allowance (PA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two PA, low (L) vs. high (H), on sward quality, PDMI and milk performance of Holstein-Friesian cows (n=72) at two lactation stages (LS), early (E) vs. middle (M). Cows were randomly assigned to four groups (LE, LM, HE and HM) in a 2×2 factorial design. The low PA treatments completed 5 rotations, with more grazing days (+13), lower pre- (14.3) and post-grazing (5.3) sward heights (cm) and higher herbage utilization (81.7%). The low PA had higher stocking rate than the high PA treatments (4.8 vs. 3.9 cows ha -1 )and lower PDMI (13.4 kg vs. 14.4 DM cow -1 day -1 ) with higher ( p <0.05) (g kg -1 DM) protein (149.1), carbohydrates (166.7) and digestibility (746.8) while lower ( p <0.05) DM (18.4%), acid (283.5) and neutral detergent (508.6) fibers (g kg -1 DM). Sward quality is deteriorated ( p <0.05) from rotation 1 to 5, lower decrease was found on low PA treatments. Milk yield (MY) was higher ( p <0.05) in cows at early LS (24.8 kg cow -1 day -1 ), with the lowest ( p <0.05) protein (28.9) and fat (36.9) content (g kg -1 ). No differences were found on MY between PA treatments, but higher protein and fat content were observed on low PA. Decreasing PA resulted in higher sward and milk quality without penalizing MY.

A Comment on Theory of Integer-Valued Data Envelopment Analysis

Abstract: The mixed-integer linear programming data envelopment analysis models were proposed due to this reason that the conventional DEA models may suggest some non-integer values for the inputs and/or outputs of decision making units (DMUs) which those data can only be specified with integer values such as the number of employees and books. There are a few researches on integer-valued DEA and this paper focuses on the three previous ones. The paper characterizes some shortcomings on those researches with some mathematic logics.

Effects of Soil-Use Intensity on Selected Properties of Mollisols in Entre Ríos, Argentina

Abstract: In the province of Entre Rios (Argentina), land-use changes have been noticeable in recent years, because the portion of land devoted to pasture decreased whereas the proportion and length of crops in the rotation increased. We evaluated soil-use intensity effects on selected physical and chemical properties of a Mollisol in a crop–pasture rotation experiment located in Entre Rios. Treatments included (1) continuous cropping, (2) crop–pasture rotation, (3) pasture, and (4) natural (never-cultivated) land as a reference. Soil samples were analyzed for chemical (pH, carbon and nitrogen contents, extractable phosphorus, cation exchange capacity) and physical (aggregate stability, percolation index, bulk density, pore-size distribution, and specific surface area) properties. Clearing of the native vegetation resulted in a significant reduction of soil organic carbon content and losses of structure stability and soil porosity. No differences were seen in cation exchange capacity between native forest and culti...

Conformal Mapping of Unbounded Multiply Connected Regions onto Canonical Slit Regions

Abstract: We present a boundary integral equation method for conformal mapping of unbounded multiply connected regions onto five types of canonical slit regions. For each canonical region, three linear boundary integral equations are constructed from a boundary relationship satisfied by an analytic function on an unbounded multiply connected region. The integral equations are uniquely solvable. The kernels involved in these integral equations are the modified Neumann kernels and the adjoint generalized Neumann kernels.

A Numerical Approach for Solving a General Nonlinear Wave Equation

Abstract: An analysis of various numerical schemes and boundary conditions on a general nonlinear wave equation is considered in this study. In particular, the Lax-Wendroff, Leapfrog and Iterated Crank Nicholson methods with Dirichlet boundary conditions are used to solve this nonlinear wave equation. The computation of the solution is made via the reduction of the nonlinear wave equation to the two variable and three variable systems.

Revegetation and Soil Management Effects on Chemical Properties of a Saprolite Resulting from Deep Soil Removal

Abstract: During the building of a hydroelectrical power plant at Ilha Solteira in the Parana River (Brazil), materials of a highly weathered soil Oxisol were extracted from a depth between 5 and 8 m for engineering works. This resulted in an abandoned depression area. The topsoil was not salvaged and the open pit was not backfilled, and as result vegetation hardly or not at all recovered. On the residual saprolite materials, an experimental field was established to assess different soil rehabilitation treatments. Field experiments were initiated in 1992. After soil tillage, two different crops and three different liming strategies were compared, giving six combinations. In addition, two uncropped control treatments, tilled and no-tilled, were established so that a total of eight treatments were assessed. The experimental design consisted of four randomized experimental blocks, which included a total of 32 plots with a plot area of 100 m2. This experiment was used to study the effectiveness of the soil-reclamation ...

A Review of Time Discretization of Semi-linear Parabolic Problems

Abstract: In this study, exponentialRunge-Kutta methods of collocation type are considered for linear and semi-linear parabolic problems. An abstract Banach space framework of sectorial operators and Lipchitz continuous nonlinearities are selected for the analysis. Exponential Runge-Kutta methods of collocation type are also employed for parabolic Cauchy problems. Moreover, numerical experiments have been presented for illustration of parabolic problems.

Rendimiento y valor nutritivo de nuevas leguminosas anuales como cultivo de invierno en rotaciones forrajeras intensivas en galicia

Abstract: Se presentan resultados de produccion y valor nutritivo observados en un ensayo realizado en la zona atlantica de Galicia donde se evaluaron seis especies de leguminosas anuales sembradas en otono como cultivo monofto. Las especies fueron: trebol encarnado ( Trifolium incarnatum L . ); trebol migueliano ( T. michelianum Savi); trebol persa ( T .resupinatum L . ) ssp . resupinatum y ssp. majus ; trebol vesiculoso ( T. vesiculosum Savi . ) y serradella ( Ornithopus sativus Brot . ). La cosecha se realizo en seis fechas diferentes a intervalos de dos semanas desde mediados de marzo, con un segundo corte a las seis semanas. En el primer ciclo la produccion de materia seca (MS) por hectarea vario ampliamente entre especies (de 3389 a 6685 kg MS ha-1) y entre fechas de corte (de 1571 a 8591 kg MS ha-1). En el segundo aprovechamiento, todas las especies mostraron capacidad de rebrote hasta la tercera fecha de corte del primer ciclo, con una produccion media de 3087 kg MS ha-1. Las calibraciones NIRS desarrolladas para estimar el valor nutricional de estas especies mostraron un buen poder predictivo. Los valores medios de digestibilidad in vitro de la materia organica (DMOIV, %) y de proteina bruta (PB, %MS) para el primer y segundo ciclo fueron, respectivamente, 73,0% y 72,3% para DMOIV y 17,9% y 19,0% para PB, indicando una excelente calidad nutricional para estas especies, si bien el contenido medio de materia seca fue muy bajo, alrededor del 12% de media para el primer y segundo cortes. El descenso de calidad en el primer ciclo fue mas acusado a partir de mediados de abril, por lo que esta fecha podria ser adecuada para ensilar, proporcionando un forraje de alta digestibilidad y rico en proteina. Sin embargo, el bajo contenido en MS de estas especies puede comprometer la obtencion de una buena calidad de fermentacion del ensilado.

Using Media Independent Handover to Support PMIPv6 Inter-domain Mobility Based Vehicular Networks

Abstract: Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as a new network-based mobility protocol which does not require the involvement of MN’s in any form of mobility management MN can handover relatively faster in PMIPv6 than in host-based mobility protocols (eg Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)) because it actively uses link-layer attachment information which reduces the movement detection time, and eliminates duplicate address detection procedures However, the current PMIPv6 cannot provide continuous mobility support for MN when roaming between different PMIPv6 domains; we introduce a novel inter-domain PMIPv6 scheme to support seamless handover for vehicle in motion to support continuous and seamless connection while roaming in the new PMIPv6 domain In this paper we analytically evaluate our proposed scheme to support inter-domain mobility for vehicle roaming between two PMIPv6 domains by using Media Independent Handover (MIH) and Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) to support the handover in addition to a continuous connection

Short communication. Effect of forage source (grazing vs. silage) on conjugated linoleic acid content in milk fat of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows from Galicia (NW Spain)

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different feeding proportions of forage ―grazing vs. silage― on milk fatty acids (FA) profile and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of autumn calving Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 61) at CIAM (Galicia, NW Spain). Three treatments (S, 100% silage; G/S, 50% grazing + 50% silage; G, 100% grazing) were set and milk FA profile of dairy cows was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The G group showed a decrease in short ( p < 0.05) and medium chain FA ( p < 0.001), with an increase in long chain FA ( p < 0.001) in comparison to the G/S and S groups, which showed the lowest levels ( p < 0.001) of mono- and polyunsaturated FA. The CLA content in milk fat increased ( p < 0.001) linearly in relation to the increased proportion of fresh grass in the diet of dairy cows from 0.49 and 0.82 to 1.14 g/100 g FA for the treatments S, G/S and G, respectively. During spring and summer, the levels of CLA were three times higher ( p < 0.001, +0.76 g/100 g FA) in milk from dairy cows at the G group than in cows at the S group and twice higher ( p < 0.001, +0.40 g/100 g FA) than in cows at the G/S group. High proportion of grass in the diet of cows increased CLA content, with the highest levels of unsaturated FA and the lowest levels of saturated FA, increasing the added value of milk on grazing systems using available farm resources.

Split-step multi-symplectic method for nonlinear schrödinger equation

Abstract: Multi-symplectic methods have recently been considered as a generalization of symplectic ODE methods to the case of Hamiltonian PDEs. The symplectic of Hamiltonian systems is well known, but for Partial Differential Equation (PDEs) this is a global property. In addition, many PDEs can be written as Multi- symplectic systems, in which each independent variable has a distinct symplectic structure. Also, Their excellent long time behavior for a variety of Hamiltonian wave equations has been proposed in a number of numerical studies. In the study, a new type of multi-symlectic integrators, which is used for solving Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLS) has been demonstrated.

Free vibration of symmetric angle-ply layered conical shell frusta of variable thickness under shear deformation theory using spline approximation

Abstract: Free vibration of symmetric angle-ply layered conical shell frusta of variable thickness is analyzed under shear deformation theory with different boundary conditions by applying collocation with spline approximation. Linear and exponential variation in thickness of layers are assumed in axial direction. Displacements and rotational functions are approximated by Bickley-type splines of order three and obtained a generalized eigenvalue problem. This problem is solved numerically for an eigenfrequency parameter and an associated eigenvector of spline coefficients. The vibration of three and five-layered conical shells, made up of two different type of materials are considered. Parametric studies are made for analysing the frequencies of the shell with respect to the coefficients of thickness variations, length-to-radius ratio, length-to-thickness ratio and ply angles with different combination of the materials. The results are compared with the available data and new results are presented in terms of tables and graphs.

Numerical modeling of separated flows in three-dimensional diffusers and application of synthetic jets for separation control

Abstract: Solving the problem of creating an environmentally friendly “green plane” implies development and implementation of several actions aimed at increasing airplane performance and reducing environmental contamination. One possible way to solve this problem is to reduce the powerplant weight, in particular, by decreasing its length. The airplane engine flowpath comprises transition ducts: those between the low- and high-pressure compressors, between the compressor and combustor, and between the high- and low-pressure turbines. In a modern high-bypass turbofan, the flowpath varies in the streamwise direction. Shorter transition ducts have greater curvature. Because of this, intensive separation may occur, which leads to increased losses in the flowpath and to significant growth of nonuniformity of flow parameters. Vast experience of numerical and experimental studies of unsteady separated flows has been accumulated by now. In many cases, however, these investigations are performed in a two-dimensional (2D) formulation, which is primarily caused by the high cost of three-dimensional (3D) unsteady calculations. The numerical and experimental work [1] shows that flows in diffuser ducts can have an essentially unsteady 3D structure. This is valid even for ducts modeling 2D configurations. This paper describes the results of a numerical study of the flow structure and its features in model S-shaped transition ducts, as well as the results of using a synthetic jet generator for flow control and for reduction of total pressure losses. Three-dimensional flows are numerically modeled by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) / RANS methods. The calculations show that the use of the synthetic jet generator can lead to duct loss reduction by 45%.