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Showing papers by "Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present work provides the most comprehensive study on intraspecific variation of recombination rates and crossover interference strength in eukaryotes and should pave the way for precise identification of genes controlling recombinations rates in maize and other organisms.
Abstract: In sexually reproducing organisms, meiotic crossovers ensure the proper segregation of chromosomes and contribute to genetic diversity by shuffling allelic combinations. Such genetic reassortment is exploited in breeding to combine favorable alleles, and in genetic research to identify genetic factors underlying traits of interest via linkage or association-based approaches. Crossover numbers and distributions along chromosomes vary between species, but little is known about their intraspecies variation. Here, we report on the variation of recombination rates between 22 European maize inbred lines that belong to the Dent and Flint gene pools. We genotype 23 doubled-haploid populations derived from crosses between these lines with a 50 k-SNP array and construct high-density genetic maps, showing good correspondence with the maize B73 genome sequence assembly. By aligning each genetic map to the B73 sequence, we obtain the recombination rates along chromosomes specific to each population. We identify significant differences in recombination rates at the genome-wide, chromosome, and intrachromosomal levels between populations, as well as significant variation for genome-wide recombination rates among maize lines. Crossover interference analysis using a two-pathway modeling framework reveals a negative association between recombination rate and interference strength. To our knowledge, the present work provides the most comprehensive study on intraspecific variation of recombination rates and crossover interference strength in eukaryotes. Differences found in recombination rates will allow for selection of high or low recombining lines in crossing programs. Our methodology should pave the way for precise identification of genes controlling recombination rates in maize and other organisms.

181 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study evidences the high content of toxic chemicals in these recycled materials, especially those targeting play areas and other facilities for children, and should be a matter of regulatory concern.

115 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), in vitro organic dry matter digestibility (IVOMD), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and starch in samples of whole plant maize with a wide range of variability.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), in vitro organic dry matter digestibility (IVOMD), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch in samples of whole plant maize with a wide range of variability. The samples were analyzed in reflectance mode by a spectrophotometer FOSS NIRSystems 6500. Four hundred and fifty samples of wide spectrum from different origin were selected out of 3000 scanned for the calibration set, whereas 87 independent random samples were used in the external validation. The goodness of the calibration models was evaluated using the following statistics: coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of cross-validation (SECV), standard error of prediction for external validation (SEP) and the RPDCV and RPDP indexes [ratios of standard deviation (SD) of reference analysis data to SECV and SEP, respectively]. The smaller the SECV and SEP and the greater the RPDCV and RPDP, the predictions are better. Trait measurement units were g/100g of dry matter (DM), except for IVOMD (g/100g OM). The SECV and RPDCV statistics of the calibration set were 1.34 and 3.2 for WSC, 2.57 and 3 for NSC and 2.3 and 2.2 for IVOMD, respectively. The SEP and RPDP statistics for external validation were 0.74 and 4.7 for WSC, 2.14 and 2.5 for NSC and 1.68 and 1.6 for IVOMD respectively. It can be concluded that the NIRS technique can be used to predict WSC and NSC with good accuracy, whereas prediction of IVOMD showed a lesser accuracy. NIRS predictions of OM, CP, NDF, ADF and starch also showed good accuracy.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the nonlinear Arash Model (AM) was used in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to distinguish between technical and non-technical DMUs and arrange both technical and inefficient DMUs at the same time.
Abstract: This study illustrates the nonlinear Arash Model (AM) in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to distinguish between technical efficient DMUs and arrange both technical efficient and inefficient DMUs at the same time. It demonstrates how the proposed model it is able to eliminate the computational complexity of using most super-efficiency with selecting the variety of weights and scale. The nonlinear AM optimizes the efficiency score of linear AM, too. Some related propositions to the proposed model are proved which are also examined with a numerical example. The results clearly depict the differences between nonlinear and linear Arash Model and introduce the nonlinear AM as a valuable model in DEA. Keywords: Arash method, data envelopment analysis, efficiency, technical efficiency INTRODUCTION In the last three decades Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is a nonparametric method in operations research has rapidly applied in many branches of sciences to measure the efficiency of firms or Decision Making Units (DMUs). DEA estimates the performance evaluation of homogenous DMUs with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. It was proposed by Charnes .

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the free vibration of symmetric angle-ply layered conical shell frusta of variable thickness is analyzed under shear deformation theory with different boundary conditions by applying collocation with spline approximation.
Abstract: Free vibration of symmetric angle-ply layered conical shell frusta of variable thickness is analyzed under shear deformation theory with different boundary conditions by applying collocation with spline approximation. Linear and exponential variation in thickness of layers are assumed in axial direction. Displacements and rotational functions are approximated by Bickley-type splines of order three and obtained a generalized eigenvalue problem. This problem is solved numerically for an eigenfrequency parameter and an associated eigenvector of spline coefficients. The vibration of three and five–layered conical shells, made up of two different type of materials are considered. Parametric studies are made for analysing the frequencies of the shell with respect to the coefficients of thickness variations, length-to-radius ratio, length-to-thickness ratio and ply angles with different combination of the materials. The results are compared with the available data and new results are presented in terms of tables and graphs.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The marine calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa was exposed to methyltestosterone, letrozole, MET and fenarimol for 21 d, showing effects on gonads caused rather by disturbance of endocrine signalling or interference with hormone metabolism than by general toxicity.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This form of HAM solution is compared with the analytical soliton-type solution of fKdV equation as derived by Zhao and Guo and the results are found to be in good agreement.
Abstract: The forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equations are solved using Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). HAM is an approximate analytical technique which provides a novel way to obtain series solutions of such nonlinear problems. It has the auxiliary parameter , where it is easy to adjust and control the convergence region of the series solution. Some examples of forcing terms are employed to analyse the behaviours of the HAM solutions for the different fKdV equations. Finally, this form of HAM solution is compared with the analytical soliton-type solution of fKdV equation as derived by Zhao and Guo. The results is found to be in good agreement with Zhao and Guo.

8 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: The focus of this paper is a survey of various kinds of multiobjective linear programming problems, where fuzziness and/or randomness in objective and in constraints are discussed comprehensively including full fuzzy stochastic in both the objective functions and constraints.
Abstract: The focus of this paper is a survey of various kinds of multiobjective linear programming problems, where fuzziness and/or randomness in objective and/or in constraints are discussed comprehensively including full fuzzy stochastic in both the objective functions and constraints. This paper also studied the multiobjective fuzzy stochastic linear programming problems, and what relatives to them chronologically in this century, such formulation, and the various research methodology that has been used in transforming them to their corresponding equivalent deterministic linear programming problems. Optimal solution for the original problem has been discussed too. [Abdulqader Othman Hamadameen, Zaitul Marlizawati Zainuddin. Review Article, Multiobjective Fuzzy Stochastic Linear Programming Problems in the 21 Century. Life Sic J 2013; 10(4):616-647]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the exponential time differencing Runge-Kutta 4 method (ETDRK4) to solve the diagonal example of a well known nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) in the form of Burgers' equation.
Abstract: In this note it is illustrated that the Exponential Time Differencing (ETD) scheme needs the least steps to achieve a given accuracy, offers a speedy method in calculation time, and has exceptional stability properties in solving a stiff type problem. Nonetheless, the celebrated and well established method like RungeKutta is still being applied as the basis of many efficient codes. However, the stiff type problems seem cannot be solved efficiently via some of these methods. This note overcomes such stiff type problem via the exponential method. Furthermore, the exponential time differencing Runge-Kutta 4 method (ETDRK4) is used to solve the diagonal example of a well known nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) in the form of Burgers’ equation. In addition, we use Fourier transformation for solving Burgers’ equation. Mathematics Subject Classification: 65M70, 65Z05

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a self-similar solution is constructed in the absence of a piston at the center of symmetry, and the evolution of a close-to-selfsimilar solution calculated by the method of characteristics is traced.
Abstract: In some problems concerning cylindrically and spherically symmetric unsteady ideal (inviscid and nonheat-conducting) gas flows at the axis and center of symmetry (hereafter, at the center of symmetry), the gas density vanishes and the speed of sound becomes infinite starting at some time. This situation occurs in the problem of a shock wave reflecting from the center of symmetry. For an ideal gas with constant heat capacities and their ratio ? (adiabatic exponent), the solution of this problem near the reflection point is self-similar with a self-similarity exponent determined in the course of the solution construction. Assuming that ? on the reflected shock wave decreases, if this decrease exceeds a threshold value, the flow changes substantially. Assuming that the type of the solution remains unchanged for such ?, self-similarity is preserved if a piston starts expanding from the center of symmetry at the reflection time preceded by a finite-intensity reflected shock wave propagating at the speed of sound. To answer some questions arising in this formulation, specifically, to find the solution in the absence of the piston, the evolution of a close-to-self-similar solution calculated by the method of characteristics is traced. The required modification of the method of characteristics and the results obtained with it are described. The numerical results reveal a number of unexpected features. As a result, new self-similar solutions are constructed in which two (rather than one) shock waves reflect from the center of symmetry in the absence of the piston.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the free vibration of laminated angle-ply annular circular plates with inclusion of first order shear deformation theory using a spline function approximation by applying a point collocation method is studied.
Abstract: Free vibration of laminated antisymmetric angle- ply annular circular plates are studied with inclusion of first order shear deformation theory using a spline function approximation by applying a point collocation method. The equations of motion of the plates are derived using first order shear deformation theory. The vibration of two- and four- layered plates are analysed, made up of two types of materials and two types of boundary conditions. A generalized eigenvalue problem is obtained and solved numerically for obtaining the required eigenfrequency parameters and associate eigenvectors are spline coefficients. The stability of the annular circular plate is analyzed with respect to the radii ratio, circumferential node number, different materials, number of laminates, ply orientations under different boundary conditions for two and four layered plates.

30 Sep 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a rotating magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a second grade fluid due to an accelerated plate is examined, where Modified Darcy's law is used to formulate the physical problem in a porous space.
Abstract: The rotating magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a second grade fluid due to an accelerated plate is examined. Modified Darcy’s law is used to formulate the physical problem in a porous space. Two cases of interest namely constant and variable accelerated MHD flows are addressed. Fourier sine transform technique is adopted to solve analytically the resulting problems. Finally, from the exact solutions the implied effects of emerging flow parameters on the velocity field are displayed and discussed.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
22 Apr 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the mixed boundary value problem on bounded multiply connected region is reformulated into the form of Riemann-Hilbert problem, which is then solved using a uniquely solvable Fredholm integral equation on the boundary of the region.
Abstract: In this paper, we solve the mixed boundary value problem on bounded multiply connected region by using the method of boundary integral equation. Our approach in this paper is to reformulate the mixed boundary value problem into the form of Riemann-Hilbert problem. The Riemann-Hilbert problem is then solved using a uniquely solvable Fredholm integral equation on the boundary of the region. The kernel of this integral equation is the adjoint generalized Neumann kernel. As an examination of the proposed method, some numerical examples for some different test regions are presented.

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The methodology is used to estimate the efficiency of alternative secondary flows schemes with hot gas redirection to a compressor's disks hubs in order to minimize disks temperature gradients and to stabilize clearances aimed to achieve higher efficiency and gas-dynamic stability.
Abstract: The methodology to solve the interrelated problems of secondary gas flows in turbomachines, thermal and stressed states of their parts, and clearance change over a flight cycle is described using an example of high pressure compressors (HPC) of aviation engines. An iterative calculating scheme is proposed to take into account mutual interferences between these solution modules. An additional optimization module is used to minimize weight and to achieve the prescribed displacements and safety margins. Mathematical 1D and 2D models for accurate calculation of secondary flows are described in detail. The results of the application of this iterative calculation scheme for the HPC with one of the possible secondary flows design are shown. The methodology is used to estimate the efficiency of alternative secondary flows schemes with hot gas redirection to a compressor's disks hubs in order to minimize disks temperature gradients and to stabilize clearances aimed to achieve higher efficiency and gas-dynamic stability.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Aug 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the research and development of asymmetric tooth spur gears for modernization of the light multipurpose helicopter gearbox amplifying its load capacity to utilize more powerful turboshaft engines.
Abstract: This paper describes the research and development of asymmetric tooth spur gears for modernization of the light multipurpose helicopter gearbox amplifying its load capacity to utilize more powerful turboshaft engines.The paper also presents numerical design data related to development this gearbox.Copyright © 2013 by ASME

Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Sep 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the natural gas storage valuation based on the information-based pricing framework of Brody-Hughston-Macrina (BHM) and tried to construct the filtration in terms of the information provided to the market.
Abstract: The paper considers the natural-gas storage valuation based on the information-based pricing framework of Brody-Hughston-Macrina (BHM). As opposed to many studies which the associated filtration is considered pre-specified, this work tries to construct the filtration in terms of the information provided to the market. The value of the storage is given by the sum of the discounted expectations of the cash flows under risk-neutral measure, conditional to the constructed filtration with the Brownian bridge noise term. In order to model the flow of information about the cash flows, we assume the existence of a fixed pricing kernel with liquid, homogenous and incomplete market without arbitrage.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reformulate the Robin problem as a Riemann-Hilbert problem and develop boundary integral equations for solving the problem in a bounded simply connected region with smooth boundary.
Abstract: A mixed boundary value problem with the linear combination of Dirichlet and Neumann conditions is called a Robin problem. In this paper, we consider the Robin problem in a bounded simply connected region with smooth boundary It consists of finding a function u harmonic in and satisfies the Robin boundary condition. This work develops new boundary integral equations for solving the Robin problem. Recently, the interplay of Riemann-Hilbert problems (briefly, RH problems) with conformal mapping, Dirichlet problem and Neumann problem has been studied extensively. The related integral equations involving the generalized Neumann kernel are uniquely solvable. In this paper we show how to reformulate a Robin problem as a Riemann-Hilbert problem. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the solution technique for the Robin problem when the boundaries are sufficiently smooth.

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the performance of different ryegrass cultivars in terms of drymatter and digestible organic matter (DOM) yield in two different cutting dates.
Abstract: alian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum) cultivars, two alternative (“Promenade” and “Major”) and two non-alternative (“Sultan” and “Danergo”), and two hybrid ryegrass(Loliumboucheanum) cultivars(“Barladin” and “Barsilo”) were sown as monoculturesin the autumn of 2011 at the CIAM (coastal zone of Galicia, NW of Spain) in an experiment following an split-plot design with cultivar asthemain-plot, cutting date (sixfirst-cut datesfrom6March to 17May, followed by a second cut of regrowths at six weeks of age) as the sub-plot and ten replicates. No significant effect of cultivar in terms of drymatter (DM) and digestible organicmatter (DOM)yieldswas detected in any of the two cuts,showing all the cultivars high herbage yields(7.4 and 5.4 t DMha-1 and 5.2 and 3.5 t DOMha-1, first and second cut,respectively).Average values of crude protein (CP) content were low and, inversely,watersoluble carbohydrates(WSC) content was high in all cultivars(CP: 9.1 and 8.9 %; WSC: 28.0 and 22.6 %, first and second cut, respectively),showing onlyminor differences amongst cultivars within each cut. In the first cycle herbage yield increased from3.2 t DMha-1 and 2.3 t DOM ha-1 in earlyMarch to amaximumof 9.9 t DMha-1 and 6.7 t DOMha -1 in the first week ofMay when all ryegrassspecies headed. Average CP content was 14.7 % in the first cutting date, dropping to 6.5 % at the beginning of the heading stage. It is concluded that winter ryegrassis a high-yielding, energy-rich crop forsilage, although protein content can be verylow in late cuts. Alternative cultivars are preferable for early harvestsin spring, whilst non-alternative and hybrid ryegrasses are the best option for cuts around the heading stage.