Showing papers by "Conservatoire national des arts et métiers published in 1987"
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of transformations of place/transition systems which preserve several classical properties of nets namely boundedness, deadlock freeness, liveness and covering by S-invariants are presented.
Abstract: We present a set of transformations of place/transition systems which preserve several classical properties of nets namely boundedness, deadlock freeness, liveness and covering by S-invariants. These transformations may simplify or refine a system and allow either to simplify a place/transition system before analysing it or to introduce more details in a given system having some propreties without changing them. We also present a decomposition technique to split a system into subsytems which can be analysed separatly.
200 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography has been used and results confirmed for the more concentrated compounds by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel.
64 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: It is observed that texts are read at the same speed in the two languages and that oculomotor activity is related to the morphological structure of words in arabic and in french.
Abstract: In these experiments, we compared reading processes in arabic and in french. We observed that texts are read at the same speed in the two languages and that oculomotor activity is related to the morphological structure of words. Arabic text reading processes seem impaired when introducing vowels. We conclude that lexical access of non concatenative languages like arabic or hebrew may be very different from access in concatenative ones like french or english.
48 citations
TL;DR: An assessment of iron and folic acid status, blood thick film and haemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis was performed on 126 pregnant women and their newborn infants and in ninety-five menstruating women in Cotonou, Benin, and a moderate elevation in the serum ferritin concentration indicated Fe-deficiency in an inflammatory context.
Abstract: An assessment of iron and folic acid status, blood thick film and haemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis was performed on 126 pregnant women (and their newborn infants) and in ninety-five menstruating women in Cotonou (Benin). Anaemia (according to the World Health Organization (1972] was observed in 55% of pregnant women and in 39% of menstruating women. Fe-deficiency was defined as a low serum ferritin concentration (12 micrograms/l or less), combined with a low transferrin saturation (less than 16%) or a high erythrocyte protoporphyrin level (more than 3 micrograms/g Hb), or both. A moderate elevation in the serum ferritin concentration (between 13 and 50 micrograms/l), associated with a low transferrin saturation or a high erythrocyte protoporphyrin level, or both, indicated Fe-deficiency in an inflammatory context. Fe-deficiency was present in 73% of pregnant women and in 41% of menstruating women. Folate deficiency (defined as erythrocyte folate below 160 micrograms/l) was observed in 45% of pregnant women. In pregnant women, anaemia was associated with Fe-deficiency in 83% of cases and with folate deficiency in 48% of cases. Haemoglobinopathies were mainly heterozygous and did not seem to contribute significantly to anaemia. Intensity of malaria was not related to Hb level, but Plasmodium falciparum was found in 99% of subjects. Hb concentration and mean corpuscular volume were significantly lower in babies born of Fe-deficient mothers than in babies born of Fe-sufficient mothers. Hb concentration in newborn infants was positively correlated with maternal serum ferritin.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, aisement accessible a partir des perhalogenophenols correspondants, i.e., dihydroxynaphtalenes, are used as reactifs de nitration.
25 citations
TL;DR: In rat intestine, the glutathione level was increased, glutATHione peroxidase activity decreased and glutathion-S-transferase activity remained unchanged by vitamin A deficiency.
Abstract: In rat intestine, the glutathione level was increased, glutathione peroxidase activity decreased and glutathione-S-transferase unchanged by vitamin A deficiency.
13 citations
TL;DR: Projectile soft X-ray spectra (1 < lambda <10 nm) emitted after a charge exchange collision between slow (v approximately=0.4 a.u.) N7+, O8+ and Ne8+ on He and H2 targets have been observed as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Projectile soft X-ray spectra (1< lambda <10 nm) emitted after a charge-exchange collision between slow (v approximately=0.4 a.u.) N7+, O8+ and Ne8+ on He and H2 targets have been observed. These spectra allow an evaluation of the n and l distribution of projectile excited states formed by a single electron capture. The spectra in the case of O8+ and N7+ bare projectiles show evidence on double capture processes followed by autoionisation. Good agreement is obtained with theory or alternative experimental data when available.
13 citations
TL;DR: Dietary imbalances can be considered as a factor in chemical carcinogenesis and the mutagenicity of BaP versus TA98 Salmonella typhimurium strain was compared.
11 citations
TL;DR: Substitution of the allylic moiety of azatrienes by functionalized alkyl groups permits high chemical yields and stereoselectivity during I.M.D.A cyclization.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the resolution of a series of racemic phosphine oxides was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography on two structurally similar chiral stationary phases prepared from N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) derivatives of (R)-phenylglycine and (S )-phenylalanine covalently bound to γ-aminopropylsilanized silica.
10 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, a methode photometrique permet de separer the contribution relative du nombre de photons disponibles au niveau de la face de sortie des lames fluorescentes and l'adaptation spectrale du flux lumineux.
Abstract: Cette nouvelle methode photometrique permet de separer la contribution relative du nombre de photons disponibles au niveau de la face de sortie des lames fluorescentes et l'adaptation spectrale du flux lumineux a la sensibilite des photopiles
TL;DR: In this paper, the papaine industrielle catalyse l'esterification stereospecifique d'acides amines racemiques en milieu alcoolique.
TL;DR: In this paper, dual fluorescence in ruthenium complexes containing dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) has been studied at liquid nitrogen and room temperatures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the melting and triple points of gallium were verified at NPL, IMGC, INM, PTB, JTI and SM using both a local standard platinum resistance thermometer and one circulated with the cells after calibration.
Abstract: Cells for the realization of the melting and triple points of gallium were prepared at NPL, INM and IMGC. One cell of each manufacture has been measured at NPL, IMGC, INM, PTB, JTI and SM, using both a local standard platinum resistance thermometer and one circulated with the cells after calibration at NPL. The results show that the mean temperatures of the three cells agree within 0.17 mK and the departures from the mean temperature measured for each cell in the six different laboratories using the local standard thermometers did not exceed 0.4 mK.
TL;DR: DDT increased the relative liver weight and decreased hepatic vitamin A storage in both groups; it induced benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in both organs and cytochrome P 450 only in the liver.
Abstract: One-half of a group (deficient group) of male Wistar rats which received a daily intake of 50 IU of vitamin A/kg of body weight, and one-half of a second group (normal group), which received 500 IU of the same substance, were treated by intragastric intubation with 40 mg of DDT/day/kg body weight. Rats were killed after 5 or 12 days of exposure to DDT. The liver vitamin A contents indicated a different rate of storage depending on the amount of vitamin A. DDT increased the relative liver weight and decreased hepatic vitamin A storage in both groups; it induced benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in both organs and cytochrome P 450 only in the liver. At both ages, no change was noted in the cytochrome P450 content in the liver and intestine, whereas enzymatic activities, unchanged in the liver, were significantly modified in the intestine and included a reduction in AHH activity, an increase in UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) and GST activities. Vitamin A deficiency had no effect on AHH and UDPGT activities nor on the cytochrome P 450 content in the liver or intestine. However, it significantly increased the GST activity in the intestine, but not in the liver.
TL;DR: Various models are discussed here and a new conceptual approach is proposed for this phenomena, which indicates that only sociological models, and particularly those of mathematical sociology are appropriate in studying this phenomena.
Abstract: The processes involved in distributing scientific informa tion, i.e. information produced by and for the sciences, assume various names: communication, diffusion, transmission, trans fer, flow, spread, circulation, dissemination, etc.Depending on the conceptual point of view, the distribu tion processes are patterned in different ways. As physics is currently the leading scientific field, physical science models are often used. Two of them are studied here and their limita tions are shown.But biology and biological models have also attracted cer tain information scientists, and again we show the limitations to these.All of these processes are, however, of a social kind, which indicates that only sociological models, and particularly those of mathematical sociology are appropriate in studying this phenomena. Various models are discussed here and a new conceptual approach is proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple formula is proposed for the near-IR surface impedance of thin metallic films with unlike surfaces, derived from a previous N -dimensional model based on the Reuter and Sondheimer anomalous skin effect theory.
09 Sep 1987
TL;DR: This work presents the problems related to the type determination in Setl by an abstract interpretation using unification and inference rules and discusses the choices done in the definition of the abstract syntax.
Abstract: A programming environment for the Setl language is under development, using the Mentor system. Setl is a very high language, with a very flexible syntax and static semantics. The internal representation of a Setl program is a tree defined by the abstract syntax of Setl and annotated by computed type information. First, we discuss the choices done in the definition of the abstract syntax. Then we present the problems related to the type determination in Setl. They are solved by an abstract interpretation using unification and inference rules. This analysis is specified in the so called "natural semantics" and is implemented in Typol.
TL;DR: This modular system, Logilap (R), solves numerous problems in automation of discontinuous elementary operations specific to organic chemistry on a laboratory scale through a logical programmable wired system.
Abstract: Automation of discontinuous elementary operations specific to organic chemistry on a laboratory scale was developed as early as 1970 by the Roussel UclafCompany [1]. A modular system was chosen, because of the diversity of possible operations. Each module governs a simple operation: measuring and comparing a temperature, controlling a pump, etc. These elements communicate with one another through the on-off signal. The direction is provided by a logical programmable wired system. This modular system, Logilap (R), solves numerous problems in automation [2-4].
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the growing gap between the immediate needs of organizations which launch satellites and the more uncertain ambitions of the conquerors of space, and suggest that an attempt should be made to reconcile immediate military and industrial needs with the human desire to overcome the Carus complex.
TL;DR: In this article, aisement accessible a partir des perhalogenophenols correspondants, i.e., dihydroxynaphtalenes, are used as reactifs de nitration.
Abstract: Resume Nous utilisons des nitrocyclohexadienones comme reactifs de nitration. Ces produits sont aisement accessibles a partir des perhalogenophenols correspondants ; ils sont stables et faciles a manipuler. L'elan moteur de la reaction est la rearonatisatlon du cycle du reactif qui conduit a la nitration dans des conditions particulierement douces. Ces reactifs permettent la nitration directe et avec de bons rendements de composes tres actives comme les dihydroxynaphtalenes.
TL;DR: In this article, the pseudophase model is validated and reveals a strong solubilization effect due to the presence of surfactant in reverse micelles of AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate).
03 Apr 1987-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
TL;DR: In this article, a series of experimental studies of one-electron capture from He and H 2 by various highly charged low energy ions have been performed, and the observation of the radiative decay from the capture level(s) shows that the capture levels can be predicted and is shown to depend on ion charge and target ionization potential.
Abstract: A series of experimental studies of one-electron capture from He and H 2 by various highly charged low energy ions have been performed. The observation of the radiative decay from the capture level(s) shows: The capture level can be predicted and is shown to depend on ion charge and target ionization potential; when projectile energy levels are known full reconstruction of the capture cross section is possible; fundamental Spectroscopie studies are performed in a situation where a single charge state of an identified ion radiates; and the Spectroscopie observation of doubly excited states is possible.
TL;DR: Mesure de la reflectivite integree de deux multicouches constituees de tungstene and de silicium, en utilisant de two types d'emission X: les raies caracteristiques produite par un tube X a anticathode gazeuse, ou les raie de la serie de Lyman correspondant a la desexcitation d'un ion hydrogenoide produit par echange de charge as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Mesure de la reflectivite integree de deux multicouches constituees de tungstene et de silicium, en utilisant deux types d'emission X: les raies caracteristiques produites par un tube X a anticathode gazeuse, ou les raies de la serie de Lyman correspondant a la desexcitation d'un ion hydrogenoide produit par echange de charge. Comparaison avec les resultats obtenus avec un film de Langmuir-Blodgett (Myristate de plomb) et avec un cristal organique (phtalate acide de rubidium)
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the development of highly stabilized laser sources has permit to undertake interferometric measurements of wavelength ratios to an accuracy level which was not accessible to the wavelength standard of the previous definition of the meter based on the value of the krypton orange line.
Abstract: Interferometrical methods have long been a very precise way to measure optical wavelength. The development, since now almost 20 years, of highly stabilized laser sources has permit to undertake interferometric measurements of wavelength ratios to an accuracy level which was not accessible to the wavelength standard of the previous definition of the meter based on the value of the krypton orange line. Since October 20th 1983 the meter is defined as following : "Le metre est la longueur du trajet parcouru par la lumiere dans le vide en une duree de 1/299792458 de seconde."
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a family of models in which buyers and sellers have initially no information on the conditions prevailing on the market but acquire progressively this information out of their own observations.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method to solve analytically and numerically parabolic systems of partial differential equations appearing in the reactor physics studies of space-time neutron kinetics in multigroup diffusion theory is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the phenomenes chaotiques, a set of three simples rencontres for I-analyse of non-lineaires, which, au debut, apparaissent toujours tres simples.
Abstract: Les phenomenes chaotiques se manifestent dans des circuits numeriques ou analogiques non lineaires tres simples rencontres dans la pratique courante. Au debut I’etude est facile, mais, au fur et a mesure que I’on desire augmenter la precision des calculs pour I’etude theorique ou des mesures pour I’etude experimentale, on voit apparaitre des difficultes considerables. Des methodes classiques, comme I’analyse lineaire par morceaux permettent de calculer completement, pas a pas, la reponse d’un circuit analogique non lineaire. Avec deux variables d’etat les resultats sont simples ; mais I’intervention d’une troisieme variable introduit des complications considerables qui peuvent, notamment, conduire vers des phenomenes chaotiques. Les exemples choisis dans cet article ont pour but d’introduire les phenomenes chaotiques qui, au debut, apparaissent toujours tres simples. Ils sont utilises dans un cours d’initiation aux difficultes de I’analyse des circuits non lineaires, destine a des eleves ingenieurs.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss why and how to expand our technological system into space and the strategies necessary if space programs are to achieve such a goal, and present strategies to achieve this goal.
01 Jan 1987