Conservatoire national des arts et métiers

About: Conservatoire national des arts et métiers is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. The organization has 3573 authors who have published 7127 publications receiving 141430 citations. The organization is also known as: CNAM & Conservatoire des arts et métiers.

Towards Generalised Accessibility of Computer Games

Abstract: Computer games accessibility have initially been regarded as an area of minor importance as there were much more "serious" topics to focus on. Today, the society is slowly moving forward in the direction of accessibility and the conditions come to make new proposals for mainstream game accessibility. In this paper we'll show the main reasons why it is necessary to progress in this direction, then we'll explain how works standard computer applications accessibility and why it is not working in general with games. We will discuss the state of the art in this area and finally we will introduce our vision of future accessibility framework allowing games developer to design accessible games as well as assistive providers the possibility of developing Assistive Games Interfaces.

The role of dipolar interaction in the quantitative determination of particulate magnetic carriers in biological tissues

Abstract: The use of magnetic ac susceptibility measurements of biological tissues in the quantitative determination of their particulate magnetic carrier content has been investigated. In a first step, an ad hoc series of agar dilutions of the superparamagnetic contrast agent Endorem?, used as an example of magnetic carrier, has been characterized to determine the influence of the dipolar interaction. With this result in hand, the quantitative determination of the content of a magnetic carrier in the ex vivo liver and spleen tissues of rats, to which the same compound was previously administered, has been accomplished. It is shown that, by careful interpretation of the temperature dependent out-of-phase susceptibility profiles in the cryogenic range, it is possible to discern between the magnetic contribution of the carrier and that of biomineral iron, being able to detect magnetic carrier iron concentrations of the order of 1 ?g Fe g?1 dry tissue. At the usual dosages in humans, necessarily small to avoid toxicity, the amount of magnetic carrier in terms of elemental iron is small compared to physiological iron. The choice of their most salient property, that is, the magnetic moment, therefore makes the quantification possible even in such a minority proportion. By analysing the magnetic dynamics, through a method that just considers the in-phase and the out-of phase components of the susceptibility at only one frequency, it has been possible to decouple the carrier concentration from eventual local aggregations, opening the possibility of investigating the degree of particle clustering at a larger observation scale compared with transmission electron microscopy, and independently of physiological iron.

Comparison of gastric emptying of a solid and a liquid nutritional rehabilitation food.

Abstract: Objective: To compare gastric emptying of a solid and a liquid nutritional rehabilitation food. Design: Cross-over trial. Eight volunteers took, in random order at least 1 week apart, 2100 kJ of a solid and a liquid nutritional rehabilitation food with added labelled [13C] glycine. Setting: Research ward for healthy volunteers. Subjects: Eight healthy volunteers. Methods: Appearance of 13CO2 was monitored in expired gas every 15 min for 240 min after meal intake and compared between solid and liquid meals. Parameters of gastric emptying were then calculated. Results: Gastric half-emptying time was slightly longer for solid meal compared to liquid meal (101±6.0 vs 88±9.8 min, P=0.24). 13CO2 excretion peaked 138±5.3 min after the solid meal compared with 119±8.6 min with liquid meal (P=0.06). 13CO2 excretion was higher for the liquid food up to 110 min after the meal but then became higher for the solid food. Analysis of variance for repeated measures of 13CO2 excretion showed a significant interaction term between the type of food and time indicating a delayed elimination of 13CO2 for the solid food (P=0.018). Conclusions: Attempts to replace liquid nutritional rehabilitation foods by a solid food in malnourished patients should take into account a possible slower gastric emptying. Sponsorship: Supported by a grant from Nutriset (Malaunay, France) and ANVAR (Agence Nationale de la Valorisation de la Recherche, contract no. A9703021P). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2001) 55, 769–772

Isospin diffusion in semi-peripheral $^{58}Ni$+$^{197}Au$ collisions at intermediate energies (I): Experimental results

Abstract: Isospin diffusion in semi-peripheral collisions is probed as a function of the dissipated energy by studying two systems $^{58}Ni$+$^{58}Ni$ and $^{58}Ni$+$^{197}Au$, over the incident energy range 52-74\AM. A close examination of the multiplicities of light products in the forward part of phase space clearly shows an influence of the isospin of the target on the neutron richness of these products. A progressive isospin diffusion is observed when collisions become more central, in connection with the interaction time.