Conservatoire national des arts et métiers

About: Conservatoire national des arts et métiers is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. The organization has 3573 authors who have published 7127 publications receiving 141430 citations. The organization is also known as: CNAM & Conservatoire des arts et métiers.

Performance of pile-supported embankment over soft soil: full-scale experiment.

Abstract: This paper describes a full-scale experiment of pile-supported embankments on soft soil, which is conducted within the French national research project, Amelioration des Sols par Inclusions RIgides (ASIRI), to provide a new design method. This experiment shows the great influence of a granular platform reinforced with geosynthetics in load-transfer mechanisms. The measurements of geosynthetic strains highlight that the maximum strain takes place at the vicinity of pile heads during the construction of an embankment. Measurements also show that the load-transfer behavior of a platform reinforced by a single geotextile is different from that of a platform reinforced by two geogrids, although the final settlement is the same in both sections. From the important measurement data of this full-scale experiment, some considerations on the design and the efficiency evaluation have been proposed.

Heterogeneities in Solid Solutions

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses solid solutions that form a single disordered phase even though the homogeneous phase is not in equilibrium. The most important case to be considered is the supersaturated solid solution when it is still a single phase. The corresponding equilibrium state consists of a mixture of two phases: the depleted matrix, in which the concentration of dissolved atoms has reached the normal value corresponding to the limit of solubility, and the precipitate, in which the excess dissolved atoms have been collected. Another case that the chapter describes is the disordered solid solution whose equilibrium state is perfectly ordered. Metastable states intermediate between ordered and disordered and having peculiar atomic arrangements are presented in the chapter. These phenomena evidently are closely linked to the order-disorder transformation and hence lie outside of the limited scope of this chapter.

Le management par les compétences : un essai d’analyse

Abstract: Comment analyser le mouvement et la doctrine qui se forment aujourd’hui chez les acteurs autour de l’idee de competences ? L’auteur expose d’abord le sens de la « revolution manageriale » des competences. Il montre ensuite que cette revolution ne peut guere etre interpretee sur le mode macro-economique, en la rapportant a la crise du fordisme, mais plutot sur le mode micro-economique, comme une modification de l’echange salarial. Il souligne enfin les problemes qu’exprime, ou qu’engendre, la mise en place du management par les competences.

Research Methods for Non-Representational Approaches to Organizational Complexity: The Dialogical Mediated Inquiry:

Abstract: This paper explores the methodological implications of non-representational approaches to organizational complexity. Representational theories focus on the syntactic complexity of systems, whereas organizing processes are predominantly characterized by semantic and pragmatic forms of complexity. After underlining the contribution of non-representational approaches to the study of organizations, the paper warns against the risk of confining the critique of representational frameworks to paradoxical dichotomies such as intuition versus reflexive thought, or theorizing versus experimenting. To counter this difficulty, we suggest the use of a triadic theory of interpretation, and more particularly the concepts of semiotic mediation, inquiry and dialogism. Semiotic mediation dynamically links situated experience and generic classes of meanings. Inquiry articulates logical thinking, narrative thinking and experimenting. Dialogism conceptualizes the production of meaning through the situated interactions of acto...

Carotenoid biosynthesis in diatoms.

Abstract: Diatoms are ubiquitous and constitute an important group of the phytoplankton community having a major contribution to the total marine primary production. These microalgae exhibit a characteristic golden-brown colour due to a high amount of the xanthophyll fucoxanthin that plays a major role in the light-harvesting complex of photosystems. In the water column, diatoms are exposed to light intensities that vary quickly from lower to higher values. Xanthophyll cycles prevent photodestruction of the cells in excessive light intensities. In diatoms, the diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin cycle is the most important short-term photoprotective mechanism. If the biosynthetic pathways of chloroplast pigments have been extensively studied in higher plants and green algae, the research on carotenoid biosynthesis in diatoms is still in its infancy. In this study, the data on the biosynthetic pathway of diatom carotenoids are reviewed. The early steps occur through the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Then a hypothetical pathway is suggested from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). Most of the enzymes of the pathway have not been so far isolated from diatoms, but candidate genes for each of them were identified using protein similarity searches of genomic data.