Cooperative Research Centre

About: Cooperative Research Centre is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sea ice. The organization has 7633 authors who have published 8607 publications receiving 429721 citations.

Experimental design for three interrelated marine ice sheet and ocean model intercomparison projects: MISMIP v. 3 (MISMIP +), ISOMIP v. 2 (ISOMIP +) and MISOMIP v. 1 (MISOMIP1)

Abstract: . Coupled ice sheet–ocean models capable of simulating moving grounding lines are just becoming available. Such models have a broad range of potential applications in studying the dynamics of marine ice sheets and tidewater glaciers, from process studies to future projections of ice mass loss and sea level rise. The Marine Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (MISOMIP) is a community effort aimed at designing and coordinating a series of model intercomparison projects (MIPs) for model evaluation in idealized setups, model verification based on observations, and future projections for key regions of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). Here we describe computational experiments constituting three interrelated MIPs for marine ice sheet models and regional ocean circulation models incorporating ice shelf cavities. These consist of ice sheet experiments under the Marine Ice Sheet MIP third phase (MISMIP+), ocean experiments under the Ice Shelf-Ocean MIP second phase (ISOMIP+) and coupled ice sheet–ocean experiments under the MISOMIP first phase (MISOMIP1). All three MIPs use a shared domain with idealized bedrock topography and forcing, allowing the coupled simulations (MISOMIP1) to be compared directly to the individual component simulations (MISMIP+ and ISOMIP+). The experiments, which have qualitative similarities to Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf and the adjacent region of the Amundsen Sea, are designed to explore the effects of changes in ocean conditions, specifically the temperature at depth, on basal melting and ice dynamics. In future work, differences between model results will form the basis for the evaluation of the participating models.

Basic Rheology of Bread Dough with Modified Protein Content and Glutenin-to-Gliadin Ratios

Abstract: The uniaxial elongational and shear rheology of doughs varying in either the protein content or glutenin-to-gliadin ratio were investigated. Increasing the protein content at constant glutenin-to-gliadin ratio increased the strain-hardening properties of the dough, as shown by increasing elongational rupture viscosity and rupture stress. Glutenin and gliadin had a more complex effect on the elongational properties of the dough. Increased levels of glutenin increased the rupture viscosity but lowered the rupture strain, while elevated gliadin levels lowered the rupture viscosity but increased the rupture strain. These observations provide rheological support for the widely inferred role of gliadin and glutenin in shaping bread dough rheology, namely that gliadin contributes the flow properties, and glutenin contributes the elastic or strength properties. The shear and elongational properties of the doughs were quite different, reflecting the dissimilar natures of these two types of flow. Increasin...

A comparison of patient matched meibum and tear lipidomes.

Abstract: Purpose To quantify the molecular lipid composition of patient-matched tear and meibum samples and compare tear and meibum lipid molecular profiles. Methods Lipids were extracted from tears and meibum by bi-phasic methods using 10:3 tert-butyl methyl ether:methanol, washed with aqueous ammonium acetate, and analyzed by chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Targeted precursor ion and neutral loss scans identified individual molecular lipids and quantification was obtained by comparison to internal standards in each lipid class. Results Two hundred and thirty-six lipid species were identified and quantified from nine lipid classes comprised of cholesterol esters, wax esters, (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine. With the exception of phospholipids, lipid molecular profiles were strikingly similar between tears and meibum. Conclusions Comparisons between tears and meibum indicate that meibum is likely to supply the majority of lipids in the tear film lipid layer. However, the observed higher mole ratio of phospholipid in tears shows that analysis of meibum alone does not provide a complete understanding of the tear film lipid composition.

Influence of Barotropic Shear on the Poleward Advection of Upper-Tropospheric Air

Abstract: The characteristics of the poleward advection of upper-tropospheric air are investigated using meteorological analyses and idealized numerical models. Isentropic deformations of the tropopause during Northern Hemisphere winter are examined using maps of Ertel's potential vorticity together with contour advection calculations. Large poleward excursions of upper-tropospheric air are observed during Rossby wave breaking events. These “poleward” breaking events occur in regions of diffluence (over the eastern Atlantic Ocean-Europe region, and over the eastern Pacific Ocean-North America region), and the evolution of the tropospheric air depends on the local, meridional shear: in anticyclonic (or weak cyclonic) shear the tropospheric air tilts downstream, broadens, and wraps up anticyclonically, whereas in cyclonic shear the tropospheric air tilts upstream, thins, and is advected cyclonically. The role of ambient barotropic flow is further examined by considering the flow in two numerical models: a pl...