Cooperative Research Centre

About: Cooperative Research Centre is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sea ice. The organization has 7633 authors who have published 8607 publications receiving 429721 citations.

Cylindrospermopsin genotoxicity and cytotoxicity: role of cytochrome P-450 and oxidative stress.

Abstract: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanobacterial toxin found in drinking-water sources world wide. It was the likely cause of human poisonings in Australia and possibly Brazil. Although CYN itself is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor, its acute toxicity appears to be mediated by cytochrome p-450 (CYP450)-generated metabolites. CYN also induces genotoxic effects both in vitro and in vivo, and preliminary evidence suggests that tumors are generated by oral exposure to CYN. To understand the role of CYP450-activated CYN metabolites on in vitro genotoxicity, this study quantified the process in primary mouse hepatocytes using the COMET assay in both the presence and absence of CYP450 inhibitors known to block acute CYN cytotoxicity. CYN was cytotoxic at concentrations above 0.1 μM(EC50 = 0.5 μM) but produced significant increases in Comet tail length, area, and tail moment at 0.05 μM and above; hence genotoxicity is unlikely to be secondary to metabolic disruption due to toxicity. The CYP450 inhibitors omepraz...

Using remote sensing to predict grape phenolics and colour at harvest in a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard: Timing observations against vine phenology and optimising image resolution

Abstract: Optical remote sensing can provide a synoptic view of grapevine photosynthetically-active biomass over entire vineyards both rapidly and cost-effectively. Such output offers viticulturists and winemakers a management tool of enormous potential with red grape varieties, especially if canopy architecture (defined in this way) can be linked to production of phenolics and colour in ripe grapes. Accordingly, this paper describes such associations for a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard in Australia's cool-climate Coonawarra region. A link is established between physical descriptors of grapevine canopies (derived from remotely-sensed images), and subsequent measurements of grape phenolics and colour. High-resolution images were acquired on three occasions during each of two consecutive growing seasons and post-processed to a range of on-ground resolutions. The strength of correlation between those images and berry properties (both total phenolics, and colour levels at harvest), varied according to spatial resolution and vine phenology at the time of imaging. An image resolution corresponding approximately to row spacing resulted in the strongest correlations between berry constituents and image-based data on all occasions. Referenced to grapevine phenology, correlations were initially weak (insignificant) at bud-burst, reached maximum strength at veraison, then diminished somewhat as grapes ripened. Prospects for applying such remotely-sensed imagery (at an appropriate resolution and timing), to predict berry phenolics and colour at harvest, are discussed.