Showing papers by "Copenhagen Business School published in 2004"
TL;DR: In this paper, a distinction is made between the learning processes taking place among actors embedded in a community by just being there dubbed buzz and the knowledge attained by investing in building channels of communication called pipelines to selected providers located outside the local milieu.
Abstract: The paper is concerned with spatial clustering of economic activity and its relation to the spatiality of knowledge creation in interactive learning processes. It questions the view that tacit knowledge transfer is confined to local milieus whereas codified knowledge may roam the globe almost frictionlessly. The paper highlights the conditions under which both tacit and codified knowledge can be exchanged locally and globally. A distinction is made between, on the one hand, the learning processes taking place among actors embedded in a community by just being there dubbed buzz and, on the other, the knowledge attained by investing in building channels of communication called pipelines to selected providers located outside the local milieu. It is argued that the co-existence of high levels of buzz and many pipelines may provide firms located in outward-looking and lively clusters with a string of particular advantages not available to outsiders. Finally, some policy implications, stemming from this argumen...
3,942 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the factors that influence why firms draw from universities in their innovative activities, and the role of different search strategies in influencing the propensity of firms to use universities.
1,078 citations
TL;DR: The authors compare 330 ARCH-type models in terms of their ability to describe the conditional variance and find no evidence that a GARCH(1,1) is outperformed by more sophisticated models in their analysis of exchange rates.
Abstract: We compare 330 ARCH-type models in terms of their ability to describe the conditional variance. The models are compared out-of-sample using DM-$ exchange rate data and IBM return data, where the latter is based on a new data set of realized variance. We find no evidence that a GARCH(1,1) is outperformed by more sophisticated models in our analysis of exchange rates, whereas the GARCH(1,1) is clearly inferior to models that can accommodate a leverage effect in our analysis of IBM returns. The models are compared with the test for superior predictive ability (SPA) and the reality check for data snooping (RC). Our empirical results show that the RC lacks power to an extent that makes it unable to distinguish 'good' and 'bad' models in our analysis.
1,045 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors aim to motivate more international business scholars to engage in research on positive and negative spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) in emerging economy societies by taking the individual firms as starting point to enhance understanding of the interaction between MNEs and the local environment.
Abstract: Multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a pivotal role in the development of many emerging economies. In consequence, they became the focus of scholarly research by economists and policy analysts. In contrast, international business scholars have been comparatively uninterested in analysing this role of MNEs. Yet they could make important contributions to these debates. First, studies taking the individual firms as starting point would enhance understanding of the interaction between MNEs and the local environment. Second, theories and research methodologies developed in international business research could provide new insights into the dynamics of MNEs in emerging economies. The objective of this paper is to motivate more international business scholars to engage in research on positive and negative spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) in emerging economy societies. To advance this research agenda, scholars need to analyse the specific activities and capabilities of the firms involved, and the impact of FDI on the broader social and environmental context. For management, this agenda raises the ethical question: To what extent ought businesses to care about their local stakeholders?
782 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize the current state of knowledge on management issues in networks and the contribution to managerial abilities in complex relationships, leading to a set of propositions describing the abilities firms will need to successfully manage complex business networks.
726 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the R&D activities of both large and small firms in the electronics hardware-based sector, where they evaluated the advantages of flexibility and rapid response.
628 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of different dimensions of the newly created institutional framework in East European transition economies on foreign direct investment (FDI) was analyzed using a dataset detailing FDI flows from individual market economies to transition ones.
581 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that the theory of planned behavior (with the inclusion of a path from subjective norm to attitude) provides the best fit to the data and explains the highest proportion of variation in online grocery buying intention.
513 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a basic framework for the successful implementation of a technology-oriented business strategy is developed, consisting of four elements: business strategy, network competence, technological competence and innovation success.
469 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) as discussed by the authors was created to develop a representative portrait of entrepreneurial activity in the United States, where individuals in the process of creating new businesses could be studied to generate systematic, reliable, and generalizable data on business creation.
Abstract: This handbook reports on the creation andresults of the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) that wasconducted by the Entrepreneurship Research Consortium (ERC), founded in 1995.The PSED was created to develop a representative portrait of entrepreneurialactivity in the United States.A panel of nascent entrepreneurs wascreated, along with a control group of non-entrepreneurs. Individuals in theprocess of creating new businesses could be studied to generate systematic,reliable, and generalizable data on business creation. The handbook reports on the creation of the ERC, provides detailedinformation about the rationale used in developing the questionnaires for thePSED, and summarizes the theoretical perspectives operationalized, andvariables used, in the PSED. The PSED model has three "transitionpoints": (1) the "conception," (2) the startup process, and (3)"outcomes" of the new firm. These points generate various researchquestions: "What are the tendencies and features of those who startbusinesses?" "How do nascent entrepreneurs go about forming abusiness?" "Why are some successful?" and "Why are some firmslikely to succeed, persist, or die?" The research design had two majorparts: (1) identifying and interviewing nascent entrepreneurs and a controlgroup, and (2) the content of the interviews. Each of the 38 chapters in the handbook was written by a scholar in the ERCwho reports on a key theoretical perspective and variables associated with thattheory. The results showed the great diversity and variety in the process ofbusiness creation. Chapters in Part I, "Demographic Characteristics of theEntrepreneur," discuss the theory, measures, and evidence about thedemographic characteristics of both nascent entrepreneurs and the comparisongroup. Aspects discussed include age and other demographics, income and networth, work and education background, and family background. Part II, "Cognitive Characteristics of the Entrepreneur," surveysthe cognitive characteristics that might determine whether nascententrepreneurs think differently than the comparison group and how types ofnascent entrepreneurs might be distinguished. Topics surveyed include careerreasons, job and life satisfaction, entrepreneurial expectations, innovationand problem-solving style, and social skills. Chapters in Part III, "The Start-up Process," explore the process ofbusiness formation. They describe the kinds and types of businesses, steps andphases of the process, social networks, funding, and business expectations. Part IV, "The Entrepreneurial Environment," explores the context ofthe startup effort and the strategic and technology orientations of theemerging new firms. Three appendixes explain the PSED data collection process, datadocumentation and preparation, use of weights, and how analysis of the datasets can be conducted. (TNM)
455 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a production function framework to estimate the impact of technology transfer from FDI on the growth of sales of domestic firms in Estonia during the period from 1994 to 1999.
TL;DR: The contrast between the current popularity of addressing MNC organization in knowledge terms and the lack of adequate understanding of many of the causal mechanisms and contextual factors in relations between knowledge processes and organizational factors is discussed in this article.
Abstract: This Introduction discusses the contrast between, on the one hand, the current popularity of addressing MNC organization in knowledge terms and, on the other, the lack of adequate understanding of many of the causal mechanisms and contextual factors in relations between knowledge processes and organizational factors. A number of the relevant research challenges are identified, and it is clarified how the five articles in this Focused Issue addresses some of these.
Book•
01 Jan 2004TL;DR: In this article, the authors make sense of management history, science, perspectives, managing rationalities, modernity, post-modernity, embeddedness, and realities of new forms, dialogectics.
Abstract: Introduction PART ONE: MAKING SENSE OF MANAGEMENT Making Sense of Management History, Science, Perspectives Managing Rationalities Modernity, Postmodernity, Embeddedness Managing Realities Pathologies, New Forms, Dialectics PART TWO: MANAGING ORGANIZATIONS Managing Organization Design Structure - Environment - Fit Managing Power and Politics in Organizations Resistance - Empowerment - Ethics Managing Organizational Behavior Personalities - Teams - Emotions Managing Leadership Motivation, Inspiration, Transformation Managing Cultures Values - Practice - Manipulation Managing Communications Identity - Sensemaking - Polyphony PART THREE: MANAGING CHANGE Managing Knowledge and Learning Communities, Collaboration, Boundaries Managing Innovation and Change Creativity - Chaos - Foolishness Managing Strategy Competition - Games - Differences Managing Globalization Global Flows - Winners and Losers - Local Specialization
TL;DR: The results show that accelerated examination requests and qualified word counts enhance the quality of existing valuation methods, as well as the validity of so-far untested indicators of patent value.
TL;DR: The authors analyzed the determinants of opposition to biotechnology and pharmaceutical patents granted by the European Patent Office (EPO) between 1978 and 1996 and found that 8.6% of the patents are attacked in opposition proceedings.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that expatriates' ability to transfer knowledge may be increased through their involvement in temporary assignments such as short-term assignments, frequent flyer arrangements, and international commuting, and test the hypotheses empirically based on data from 92 subsidiaries of Danish MNCs located in 11 countries.
Abstract: Research on multinational corporation (MNC) knowledge transfer has argued continuously for the behavior of knowledge senders to be a determinant of knowledge transfer. Although the importance of disseminative capacity regarding knowledge transfer has been illustrated in numerous conceptual studies, substantial empirical support is largely absent. Based on previous studies, re‐operationalizes disseminative capacity as being dependent upon the ability and the willingness of organizational actors to transfer knowledge where and when it is needed in the organization. Using the context of expatriation, suggests that MNCs may apply different mechanisms depending on whether they want to develop expatriates' ability or willingness to transfer knowledge. Suggests that MNCs may enhance expatriates' willingness to transfer knowledge through the employment of long‐term expatriate assignments, whereas expatriates' ability to transfer knowledge may be increased through their involvement in temporary assignments such as short‐term assignments, frequent flyer arrangements, and international commuting. Tests the hypotheses empirically based on data from 92 subsidiaries of Danish MNCs located in 11 countries.
TL;DR: This article showed that the empirical ranking of volatility models can be inconsistent for the true ranking if the evaluation is based on a proxy for the population measure of volatility, which can result in an inferior model being chosen as "best" with a probability that converges to one as the sample size increases.
Abstract: We show that the empirical ranking of volatility models can be inconsistent for the true ranking if the evaluation is based on a proxy for the population measure of volatility. For example, the substitution of a squared return for the conditional variance in the evaluation of ARCH-type models can result in an inferior model being chosen as "best" with a probability that converges to one as the sample size increases. We document the practical relevance of this problem in an empirical application and by simulation experiments. Our results provide an additional argument for using the realized variance in out-of-sample evaluations rather than the squared return. We derive the theoretical results in a general framework that is not specific to the comparison of volatility models. Similar problems can arise in comparisons of forecasting models whenever the predicted variable is a latent variable.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the relationship between a firm's reputation and financial performance and find that corporate reputation does not impact firm value (the market to book value of equity) whereas corporate financial performance improves corporate reputation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors view clusters as a specific spatial configuration of the economy suitable for the creation, transfer and usage of knowledge, and investigate how the modern exchange-economy becomes orga...
Abstract: This paper views clusters as a specific spatial configuration of the economy suitable for the creation, transfer and usage of knowledge. It investigates how the modern exchange-economy becomes orga...
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, a study of 185 manufacturing organizations operating in diverse industries spanning food processing and computer products was conducted, and it was shown that both decentralized decision structure and planning activities are associated with higher performance in dynamic environments.
Abstract: Decentralized post-bureaucratic organizations are deemed to display superior performance in dynamic environments, but recent evidence indicates that centralized integrative cross-functional processes may be equally critical. Accordingly, this paper hypothesizes that organizational performance can be ascribed to the simultaneous emphasis on decentralized strategy making and strategic planning processes. This is investigated in a study of 185 manufacturing organizations operating in diverse industries spanning food processing and computer products. The study shows that both decentralized decision structure and planning activities are associated with higher performance in dynamic environments. These findings confirm that effective organizations engage in more complex strategy formation processes that complement the decentralized post-bureaucratic form with formal mechanisms of rational analyses and operational integration. The paper highlights a need to extend our understanding of the duality between decentralization and planning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe four unique perspectives on the relationship between logistics and supply chain management (SCM): labeling, traditionalist, unionist, and intersectionist.
Abstract: Supply chain management (SCM) remains an important topic among logistics managers, researchers and educators. This paper opens by describing four unique perspectives on the relationship between logistics and SCM. Next, the results of an international survey of logistics/SCM experts are reported. Over 200 questionnaires were faxed to leading logistics educators in North America, Europe, South America and Asia. Based on these experts' perceptions, cluster analysis confirms the existence of the four perspectives on logistics versus SCM—relabelling, traditionalist, unionist and inter-sectionist. The paper closes with a discussion on implications of the four perspectives for educators, researchers and practitioners.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 185 manufacturing organizations operating in diverse industries spanning food processing and computer products was conducted, and it was shown that both decentralized decision structure and planning activities are associated with higher performance in dynamic environments.
Abstract: Decentralized post-bureaucratic organizations are deemed to display superior performance in dynamic environments, but recent evidence indicates that centralized integrative cross-functional processes may be equally critical. Accordingly, this paper hypothesizes that organizational performance can be ascribed to the simultaneous emphasis on decentralized strategy making and strategic planning processes. This is investigated in a study of 185 manufacturing organizations operating in diverse industries spanning food processing and computer products. The study shows that both decentralized decision structure and planning activities are associated with higher performance in dynamic environments. These findings confirm that effective organizations engage in more complex strategy formation processes that complement the decentralized post-bureaucratic form with formal mechanisms of rational analyses and operational integration. The paper highlights a need to extend our understanding of the duality between decentralization and planning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the strategies used by national producers to assign meaning to international events by analyzing the production and presentation of specific news, and exemplify how processes leading to both globalization (homogenization) and "domestication" (diversification) of news content are at work in international news communication.
Abstract: In order to describe the micro processes of global news production in national news broadcasting, this article investigates the strategies used by national producers to assign meaning to international events by analysing the production and presentation of specific news. Through an analysis of news production at four analytical levels–namely the global, the national, the organizational and the professional–the article exemplifies how processes leading to both globalization (homogenization) and ‘domestication’ (diversification) of news content are at work in international news communication. The study is based on investigations of Japanese newsrooms and comparative content analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, a model of start-up finance with double moral hazard is proposed and the authors find that the market equilibrium is biased towards inefficiently low entrepreneurial effort and venture capital support.
TL;DR: In this paper, a typology of TPL relationships is developed going from market exchanges to joint logistics solutions, where the theoretical grounding of competence development is outlined and two case examples illustrate the learning process in TPL arrangements.
Abstract: This paper considers third party logistics (TPL) from a resource and competence perspective. New competencies are developed in the relationship between the shipper and the TPL provider. A typology of TPL relationships is developed going from market exchanges to joint logistics solutions. Here, the article will concentrate on the highest level – joint logistics solutions. The theoretical grounding of competence development will be outlined. Two case examples will illustrate the learning process in TPL arrangements. Finally, the article will discuss managerial implications and implications for future research in TPL.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that knowledge mapping may provide a fruitful avenue for intellectual capital management in academic environments such as university departments, and they make a number of suggestions as to the rationale and conduct of knowledge mapping in academe.
Abstract: This paper argues that knowledge mapping may provide a fruitful avenue for intellectual capital management in academic environments such as university departments. However, while some research has been conducted on knowledge mapping and intellectual capital management in the public sector, the university has so far not been directly considered for this type of management. The paper initially reviews the functions and techniques of knowledge mapping and assesses these in the light of academic demands. Second, the result of a focus group study is presented, where academic leaders were asked to reflect of the uses of knowledge mapping at their departments and institutes. Finally a number of suggestions are made as to the rationale and conduct of knowledge mapping in academe.
TL;DR: This paper analyses mass customization, postponement and modularization strategies through a ‘modularization characteristic curve’, which is shaped by two variables: opportunities for modularization and interface constraints, which represent the aggregate effect from interface compatibility effects, component customization, value inputs and supplier–buyer interdependence.
Abstract: This paper focuses on three interrelated and complementary strategies for managing supply-chain integration: mass customization, postponement and modularization. While the goal of mass customizatio...
TL;DR: This paper specifically addresses how group membership and personal networking in these countries facilitate and impede knowledge sharing and provides important insights for Western managers about how to work with the national compositions to optimize knowledge sharing in their subsidiary operations in Russia and China.
Abstract: The unprecedented escalation in the number of organizations that have decided to internationalize their operations in the last two decades, and the international movement of labor that has accompanied such expansion has meant that understanding the process of knowledge sharing within subsidiary operations has become an issue of increasing importance. Where the cultural distance between home and host nations is great, as it is between Western industrialized economies and the transition economies of the (former) Communist nations, there is even greater saliency for achieving effective knowledge sharing if its potential value for gaining organizational competitive advantage is to be harnessed. In examining knowledge sharing in Russia and China, this paper specifically addresses how group membership and personal networking in these countries facilitate and impede knowledge sharing. Ultimately, the paper provides important insights for Western managers about how to work with the national compositions to optimize knowledge sharing in their subsidiary operations in Russia and China.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline the reasons for reporting intellectual capital, introduce the elements of such statements, and present a case example from a Danish mobile phone design company, where they use them as tools to communicate the knowledge-based strategy externally but it can also be used as an internal management tool.
Abstract: Intellectual capital is an important value driver in today’s organizations. Traditional financial statements do not provide the relevant information for managers or investors to understand how their resources – many of which are intangible – create value in the future. Intellectual capital statements are designed to bridge this gap by providing information about how intellectual resources create future value. Intellectual capital statements can be used as tools to communicate the knowledge‐based strategy externally but it can also be used as an internal management tool. In this article we outline the reasons for reporting intellectual capital, introduce the elements of such statements, and present a case example from a Danish mobile phone design company.
TL;DR: In this article, Arbnor and Bjerke's methodological framework is presented as a basic platform for analysing logistics research by using the framework, it becomes evident that logistics research can be divided into two schools based on the underlying methodological approach.
Abstract: In the logistics literature, it is stated that research results are produced almost entirely within a positivistic paradigm As a consequence, there is only one school in logistics research, and it is based on the positivistic approach It also means that the research questions are derived from the same methodological approach, which tends to produce similar questions and answers In this paper, Arbnor and Bjerke's methodological framework is presented as a basic platform for analysing logistics research By using the framework, it becomes evident that logistics research can be divided into two schools based on the underlying methodological approach The schools are the analytical school, building on positivism, and the systems school, building on systems theory Arbnor and Bjerke's framework also provides a basis for expanding the logistics discipline with yet another school, the actors school, based on sociological meta‐theories Hence, the framework provides logistics research with a solid basis for analyzing existing research and a direction for future research