Copenhagen Business School

About: Copenhagen Business School is a education organization based out in Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, Denmark. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Corporate governance & Entrepreneurship. The organization has 2194 authors who have published 9649 publications receiving 341898 citations.

Subtle Redistribution of Work, Attention and Risks: Electronic Patient Records and Organisational Consequences

Abstract: Based on an actor-network study of the way in which medical work in a hospital has changed after the introduction of an electronic patient record system, the paper addresses the question of organisational consequences of ICT It describes how the introduction of electronic patient records (EPR) has occasioned redistribution of work, of organisational attention, and of risks By comparing these findings to the public expectations of EPR and to the litera- ture on organisational effects of EPR, it is argued that we need to shift from a theory of improvement to a theory of distribution in order to understand the way in which ICT affects work practices The paper further argues that this shift also has implications for the theoretical understanding and practical management of design, implementation, and evaluation of ICT

Integration in the global sourcing organization — an information processing perspective

Abstract: Global sourcing refers to the integration of decision making across worldwide purchasing units within a multinational corporation (MNC). In order to manage the integration challenge, firms have a number of tools, varying from centralization and formalization to cross-locational teams. In this paper, we focus on explaining how and why to integrate in different circumstances. The aim of this paper is to complement prior research on global sourcing organizations, which is still rather scarce and more exploratory in nature. By extending the arguments of the information processing perspective of organizations to the global sourcing context, we seek to propel a theoretical discussion on integration in the global sourcing organization. Based on the results of 12 case studies in three MNCs, we propose that integration approaches in global sourcing organizations vary depending on the three contingencies of category characteristics, supply environment characteristics and interdependence of the purchasing units.

Exploring perceptions and use of mobile services: user differences in an advancing market

Abstract: This paper reports results on the evolution of m-services' market in a Western European context. We investigate Danish users' perceptions on a set of attributes similar to those utilised in an empirical research conducted during 2001, in what we expect to constitute a more mature market for m-services. Our objective is twofold: to confirm or reject the impact of the set attributes on consumer behaviour, and to highlight differences, which are bound to market evolution, between 'basic' and 'advanced' users. The results provide indications of an evolutionary path of strategic importance for firms with a competitive stake in advanced m-service's use.

Competitive Advantage and Industry Capabilities

Abstract: Recently, numerous strategy scholars have revitalized the concern with the resources and capabilities side of firms. This trend often referred to as the “resource-based perspective” (RBP), has led to a much improved understanding of firms’ diversification strategies (Montgomery and Wernerfelt 19881 Montgomery and Hariharan 1991) and of the underlying conditions for sustained competitive advantage (Barney 1991 Peteraf 1993). Furthermore, the perhaps more dynamic issue of resource- accumulation processes has been treated in some detail (Dierickx and Cool 1989). In terms of the SWOT framework—the overall idea that strategy is a matter of obtaining fit between the Strengths of the firm and the Opportunities of the environment, while simultaneously safeguarding the Weaknesses of the firm from the Threats of that environment—the RBP may be said to have investigated and added further analytical content to the “Strength-Weaknesses” part.

Eye tracking as an MT evaluation technique

Abstract: Eye tracking has been used successfully as a technique for measuring cognitive load in reading, psycholinguistics, writing, language acquisition etc. for some time now. Its application as a technique for measuring the reading ease of MT output has not yet, to our knowledge, been tested. We report here on a preliminary study testing the use and validity of an eye tracking methodology as a means of semi-automatically evaluating machine translation output. 50 French machine translated sentences, 25 rated as excellent and 25 rated as poor in an earlier human evaluation, were selected. Ten native speakers of French were instructed to read the MT sentences for comprehensibility. Their eye gaze data were recorded non-invasively using a Tobii 1750 eye tracker. The average gaze time and fixation count were found to be higher for the "bad" sentences, while average fixation duration and pupil dilations were not found to be substantially different for output rated as good and output rated as bad. Comparisons between HTER scores and eye gaze data were also found to correlate well with gaze time and fixation count, but not with pupil dilation and fixation duration. We conclude that the eye tracking data, in particular gaze time and fixation count, correlate reasonably well with human evaluation of MT output but fixation duration and pupil dilation may be less reliable indicators of reading difficulty for MT output. We also conclude that eye tracking has promise as a semi-automatic MT evaluation technique, which does not require bi-lingual knowledge, and which can potentially tap into the end users' experience of machine translation output.