Institution
Council on Foreign Relations
Nonprofit•New York, New York, United States•
About: Council on Foreign Relations is a nonprofit organization based out in New York, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: China & Foreign policy. The organization has 166 authors who have published 342 publications receiving 8810 citations. The organization is also known as: CFR & Council on Foreign Relations, CFR.
Topics: China, Foreign policy, Government, Politics, Global health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a typology for technology analysis and discuss methods that can be used to analyze the impact of technological changes on the global environment, especially global warming, and show that much improved treatment of technology is possible with a combination of historical analysis and new modeling techniques.
700 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the choice of future transport modes is also constrained by path dependence because transport infrastructures change only slowly and that demand for low-speed public transport is partially determined by urban population densities and land-use characteristics.
Abstract: On average a person spends 1.1 h per day traveling and devotes a predictable fraction of income to travel. We show that these time and money budgets are stable over space and time and can be used for projecting future levels of mobility and transport mode. The fixed travel money budget requires that mobility rises nearly in proportion with income. Covering greater distances within the same fixed travel time budget requires that travelers shift to faster modes of transport. The choice of future transport modes is also constrained by path dependence because transport infrastructures change only slowly. In addition, demand for low-speed public transport is partially determined by urban population densities and land-use characteristics. We present a model that incorporates these constraints, which we use for projecting traffic volume and the share of the major motorized modes of transport—automobiles, buses, trains and high speed transport (mainly aircraft)—for 11 regions and the world through 2050. We project that by 2050 the average world citizen will travel as many kilometers as the average West European in 1990. The average American's mobility will rise by a factor of 2.6 by 2050, to 58,000 km/year. The average Indian travels 6000 km/year by 2050, comparable with West European levels in the early 1970s. Today, world citizens move 23 billion km in total; by 2050 that figure grows to 105 billion.
668 citations
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TL;DR: Baumol, Litan, and Schramm as mentioned in this paper argue that the answers to these questions lie within capitalist economies, though many observers make the mistake of believing that capitalism is of a single kind.
Abstract: Imagine this: a mere century ago, the purchasing power of an average American was one-tenth of what it is today. But what will it take to sustain that growth through the next century? And what can be said about economic growth to aspiring nations seeking higher standards of living for their citizens? In Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity, William J. Baumol, Robert E. Litan, and Carl J. Schramm contend that the answers to these questions lie within capitalist economies, though many observers make the mistake of believing that capitalism is of a single kind. Writing in an accessible style, the authors dispel that myth, documenting four different varieties of capitalism, some Good and some Bad for growth. The authors identify the conditions that characterize Good Capitalism the right blend of entrepreneurial and established firms, which can vary among countries as well as the features of Bad Capitalism. They examine how countries catching up to the United States can move faster toward the economic frontier, while laying out the need for the United States itself to stick to and reinforce the recipe for growth that has enabled it to be the leading economic force in the world. This pathbreaking book is a must read for anyone who cares about global growth and how to ensure America's economic future.
529 citations
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Harvard University1, University of Edinburgh2, Durham University3, Clinton Foundation4, Médecins Sans Frontières5, Action Against Hunger6, Indiana University7, Council on Foreign Relations8, University of California, San Francisco9, Georgetown University10, Chatham House11, Simon Fraser University12, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong13, Center for Strategic and International Studies14, AIDS Healthcare Foundation15, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute16, University of London17
TL;DR: The Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola concluded that major reforms are both warranted and feasible and a roadmap of ten interrelated recommendations across four thematic areas is outlined.
436 citations
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University of Colorado Boulder1, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2, Uppsala University3, Carnegie Mellon University4, Columbia University5, Stanford University6, Carnegie Institution for Science7, University of California, Irvine8, University of Vermont9, University of California, Berkeley10, University of California11, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory12, Council on Foreign Relations13, University of California, San Diego14, Brookings Institution15
TL;DR: Policy makers should treat with caution any visions of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost transition to entire energy systems that relies almost exclusively on wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, and find significant shortcomings in the analysis of Jacobson et al. (2015).
Abstract: A number of analyses, meta-analyses, and assessments, including those performed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and the International Energy Agency, have concluded that deployment of a diverse portfolio of clean energy technologies makes a transition to a low-carbon-emission energy system both more feasible and less costly than other pathways. In contrast, Jacobson et al. [Jacobson MZ, Delucchi MA, Cameron MA, Frew BA (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(49):15060-15065] argue that it is feasible to provide "low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of WWS [wind, water and solar power] across all energy sectors in the continental United States between 2050 and 2055", with only electricity and hydrogen as energy carriers. In this paper, we evaluate that study and find significant shortcomings in the analysis. In particular, we point out that this work used invalid modeling tools, contained modeling errors, and made implausible and inadequately supported assumptions. Policy makers should treat with caution any visions of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost transition to entire energy systems that relies almost exclusively on wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.
254 citations
Authors
Showing all 169 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Jagdish N. Bhagwati | 81 | 368 | 27038 |
David G. Victor | 54 | 234 | 13300 |
John C. Campbell | 53 | 516 | 11671 |
Robert E. Litan | 43 | 213 | 6078 |
Ann Markusen | 39 | 120 | 9427 |
Robert Legvold | 38 | 165 | 5064 |
David P. Fidler | 36 | 155 | 4506 |
Miles Kahler | 28 | 65 | 4820 |
Richard K. Betts | 28 | 89 | 3412 |
Gregory F. Treverton | 25 | 122 | 2620 |
Sarah E. Kreps | 25 | 64 | 1946 |
C. Ford Runge | 21 | 105 | 1796 |
Richard L. Garwin | 21 | 76 | 1269 |
Charles A. Kupchan | 20 | 56 | 2630 |
Stephen Biddle | 20 | 54 | 1893 |