Showing papers by "Coventry University published in 1992"

Modern Engineering Mathematics

Abstract: Table of Contents Chapter 1: Numbers, Algebra and Geometry 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Number and arithmetic 1.3 Algebra 1.4 Geometry 1.5 Numbers and accuracy 1.6 Engineering applications 1.7 Review exercises Chapter 2: Functions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic definitions 2.3 Linear and quadratic functions 2.4 Polynomial functions 2.5 Rational functions 2.6 Circular functions 2.7 Exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions 2.8 Irrational functions 2.9 Numerical evaluation of functions 2.10 Engineering application: a design problem 2.11 Review exercises Chapter 3: Complex Numbers 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Properties 3.3 Powers of complex numbers 3.4 Loci in the complex plane 3.5 Functions of a complex variable 3.6 Engineering application: alternating currents in electrical networks 3.7 Review exercises Chapter 4: Vector Algebra 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Basic definitions and results 4.3 The vector treatment of the geometry of lines and planes 4.4 Engineering application: spin-dryer suspension 4.5 Engineering application: cable stayed bridge 4.6 Review exercises Chapter 5: Matrix Algebra 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Definitions and properties 5.3 Determinants 5.4 The inverse matrix 5.5 Linear equations 5.6 Rank 5.7 The eigenvalue problem 5.8 Engineering application: spring systems 5.9 Engineering application: steady heat transfer through composite materials 5.10 Review exercises Chapter 6: An Introduction to Discrete Mathematics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Set theory 6.3 Switching and logic circuits 6.4 Propositional logic and methods of proof 6.5 Engineering application: expert systems 6.6 Engineering application: control 6.7 Review exercises Chapter 7: Sequences, Series and Limits 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sequences and series 7.3 Finite sequences and series 7.4 Recurrence relations 7.5 Limit of a sequence 7.6 Infinite series 7.7 Power series 7.8 Functions of a real variable 7.9 Continuity of functions of a real variable 7.10 Engineering application: insulator chain 7.11 Engineering application: approximating functions and Pade approximants 7.12 Review exercises Chapter 8: Differentiation and Integration 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Differentiation 8.3 Techniques of differentiation 8.4 Hiderivatives 8.5 Applications of optimization problems 8.6 Numerical differentiation 8.7 Integration 8.8 Techniques of integration 8.9 Applications of integration 8.10 Numerical evaluation of integrals 8.11 Engineering application: design of prismatic channels 8.12 Engineering application: harmonic analysis of periodic functions 8.13 Review exercises Chapter 9: Further Calculus 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Improper integrals 9.3 Some theorems with applications to numerical methods 9.4 Taylor's theorem and related results 9.5 Calculus of vectors 9.6 Functions of several variables 9.7 Taylor's theorem for functions of two variables 9.8 Engineering application: deflection of built-in column 9.9 Engineering application: streamlines in fluid dynamics 9.10 Review exercises Chapter 10: Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Engineering examples 10.3 The classification of differential equations 10.4 Solving differential equations 10.5 first-order ordinary differential equations 10.6 Numerical solution of first-order ordinary differential equations 10.7 Engineering application: analysis of damper performance 10.8 Linear differential equations 10.9 Linear constant-coefficient differential equations 10.10 Engineering application: second-order linear constant-coefficient differential equations 10.11 Numerical solution of second-and higher-order differential equations 10.12 Qualitative analysis of second-order differential equations 10.13 Review exercises Chapter 11: Introduction to Laplace Transforms 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Laplace transform 11.3 Solution of differential equations 11.4 Engineering applications: electrical circuits and mechanical vibrations 11.5 Review exercises Chapter 12: Introduction to Fourier Series 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Fourier series expansion 12.3 Functions defined over a finite interval 12.4 Differentiation and integration of Fourier series 12.5 Engineering application: analysis of a slider-crank mechanism 12.6 Review exercises Chapter 13: Data Handling and Probability Theory 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The raw material of statistics 13.3 Probabilities of random events 13.4 Random variables 13.5 Important practical distributions 13.6 Engineering application: quality control 13.7 Engineering application: clustering of rare events 13.8 Review exercises Appendix I Tables Answers to Exercises Index

Location and change: perspectives on economic geography

Abstract: Part 1 Concepts and methodology: economic change and location theoretical perspectives. Part 2 The concept of change: the physical context factors of production demand, transport and linkages the technological context the organizational context the political context the social and cultural context location and land-use decision-making primary industries manufacturing industries service industries international economic change regional economic change I - nature and theories regional economic change II - case studies and policies economic change and the environment.

The Hoxnian Interglacial deposits at Woodston, Peterborough

Abstract: Interglacial deposits on the south side of Peterborough have yielded a diverse flora and fauna which lived in an estuarine environment that was affected by marine transgression and regression. Fossils described from six sequences indicate that the deposits accumulated under fully temperate conditions. The Woodston Beds have a diversity of fossils (pollen, plant macrofossils, molluscs, ostracods, insects and mammals) which allows their palaeoecological relationships to be examined, and compared with those of other sites of similar age. The environmental reconstructions based on the individual taxa, although emphasising differing facets of the habitat, are in broad agreement. Some slight discrepancies arise from the assumption that the organisms are characteristic of the sedimentary environment in which they are found. In fact many of the fossils have been transported to the site of deposition from nearby habitats. Evidence of a closed canopy forest with associated land environments, is provided by the plant remains and the land molluscs, and to a lesser extent by the insects and the mammals. A large, slow- flowing river, with adjacent marsh and meadow areas is also suggested by the taxa of molluscs, ostracods and insects present. Molluscs and ostracods show clearly the presence of marine influences between 11 and 14 m Ordnance Datum . The climate under which the Woodston Beds were deposited was slightly warmer than the present. An age in the Hoxnian Interglacial of the Middle Pleistocene is proposed.

Distribution and ecology of the testate rhizopod fauna of the continental Antarctic zone

Abstract: New records are presented of the occurrence of seven testate rhizopod species in terrestrial habitats in Dronning Maud Land and the Ross Dependency regions of Antarctica: Arcella arenaria, Centropyxis aerophila, Corythion dubium, Difflugia lucida, Diplochlamys timida, Heleopera petricola, Trigonopyxis arcula. All materials examined showed very low species-richness and very low populations (except Arcella arenaria in Bryum moss in Southern Victoria Land) compared with records from other parts of the world. Pooling present results with previous records gives a species list to date of 26 for continental Antarctica. These data are interpreted in light of knowledge of species records from peri-Antarctic islands, Arctic and Alpine regions. It is suggested that temperature, moisture (and the frequency and amplitude of fluctuations in these), pH, and biogeographical factors may be significant influences on the distribution and abundance of testate rhizopod species in continental Antarctica.

Strength of tin-based soldered joints

Abstract: Single overlap joints of copper and brass soldered with tin and tin-based solders containing (wt%) 1% Cu, 3.5% Ag, 5% Sb, 57% Bi, and 2% Ag 36% Pb, have been tested in shear at 20 and 100 °C, and with strain rates of 0.05 and 50 mm min−1. Six specimens were tested under each condition, and the average value and coefficient of variation of the 0.2% yield stress, ultimate shear stress, elongation, and work to fracture, determined. Brass joints were generally slightly stronger than copper joints, and tended to show more scatter. Ranking in terms of strength depended on the test conditions. The solders containing silver generally gave the strongest joints. Strain-rate sensitivities were less than 0.1, and activation energies for deformation were very low. Overall, there did not appear to be any regular pattern between the properties, solders, and test conditions.

Peace Movements: International Protest and World Politics Since 1945

Abstract: Defining peace Movements and their beliefs the global context of peace activity after 1945 the first nuclear disarmament Movement, 1957-1964 the Movement against the Vietnam War and its impact nuclear disarmament the second wave in Europe 1979-1987 nuclear disarmament campaigns in North America and the Pacific in the 1980s peace protest in socialist states pacifism, war resistance and reconciliation.

Holocene relative sea-level changes and shoreline displacement in the Dornoch Firth area, Scotland

Abstract: The Dornoch Firth area contains widespread evidence of Holocene relative sea-level changes. In this study, one and possibly three raised shorelines have been identified on the basis of morphological evidence and have been found to slope downwards towards the north. The highest of these raised shorelines, which reaches up to +7.2 m OD, is correlated with the Main Postglacial Shoreline in Scotland. Stratigraphical and palaeoecological studies of coastal sediment sequences, including radiocarbon dating, disclose a sequence of relative sea-level changes. This began with a fall in relative sea-level from a buried estuarine surface lying at c. −2.0 m OD shortly before c. 9600 bp . Subsequently, a rapid rise of about 7 m took place between c. 7900 and c. 7000 bp , following which, relative sea-level reached the highest raised shoreline. Shortly before the rise in relative sea-level culminated, at c. 7000 bp , a high-energy marine flood occurred. This flood is correlated with a tsunami thought to have occurred about this time in the Northern North Sea. The subsequent fall in relative sea-level to the present may not have been continuous.

Farm Diversification in Ireland: Evidence from County Wicklow

Abstract: Farm diversification is one of a number of strategies available to farmers as they learn to adjust to a period of rapid change in the agricultural industry. This paper examines the growth of farm diversification in one part of Ireland, describes the characteristics of the farms and farmers involved, outlines the main reasons behind the adoption of 'alternative enterprises', and highlights some of the problems involved in their development. Results indicate that farm diversification is biased towards younger, well-educated farmers who have larger than average farm sizes and extensive livestock/arable enterprises. Income benefits and personal interest are the dominant reasons given for the introduction and expansion of alternative enterprises; location and family labour are the least important factors. A new rural development initiative for Ireland, which provides grant aid lor alternative enterprises and agri-tourism, offers a promising future and enormous scope for research on farm diversification.

The Measurement of Force and Torque Using Capacitor Devices

Abstract: This paper concerns the use of electrical capacity in the measurement of force and torque as an alternative to conventional strain gauges. It has been established that for some requirements mechanical configurations can be designed with integrated capacitor bridges which combine a good performance with low cost and compactness. Simple electronic circuitry incorporating multiplexing has been developed and used to drive multi-axis devices. Examples include a configuration for measuring the three torques at a point. Work on an integrated circuit shows the possibility of positioning the electronics within a device with a serial digital interface to a host computer.

Self-tuning control of non-linear plant - a bilinear approach

Abstract: This paper describes a collaborative project involving British Gas plc, Midlands Research Station, Solihull, the Control Theory & Applications Centre of Coventry University, the Energy Technology Support Unit, Harwell and Eurotherm Controls Ltd, Worthing. The project is concerned with the design, development and real-time evaluation of a new bilinear self-tuning controller, which is primarily being aimed at improving temperature control of high temperature gas fired industrial heating plant. The largest energy savings are anticipated on plant experiencing variable operating conditions which may occur under continuous operation or during batch process changes. To provide for a realistic comparison, the performance of the bilinear self-tuner is compared to that achieved using a standard industrial auto-tuned PID controller when applied to an industrial test furnance.