Showing papers by "Cross River University of Technology published in 2020"

Any l-state solutions of the Schrodinger equation interacting with Hellmann–Kratzer potential model

Abstract: The approximate analytical solutions of the radial Schrodinger equation have been obtained with a newly proposed potential called Hellmann–Kratzer potential. The potential is a superposition of Hellmann potential and modified Kratzer potential. The Hellmann–Kratzer potential actually comprises of three different potentials which include Yukawa potential, Coulomb potential and Kratzer potential. The aim of combining these potentials is to have a wide application. The energy eigenvalue and the corresponding wave function are calculated in a closed and compact form using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The energy equation for some potentials such as Kratzer, Hellmann, Yukawa and Coulomb potentials has also been obtained by varying some potential parameters. Our results excellently agree with the already existing literature. Some numerical results have been computed. We have plotted the behaviour of the energy eigenvalues with different potential parameters and also reported on the numerical result.

Electrochemical-kinetics, MD-simulation and multi-input single-output (MISO) modeling using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) prediction for dexamethasone drug as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 2 M HCl electrolyte.

Abstract: In this research, the effect of Dexamethasone drug (DM) on mild steel corrosion in 2 M HCl was analyzed using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and MD-simulation. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to inspect the mild steel surface in the blank and inhibited medium. For the optimization tool, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model was developed to predict the inhibition efficiency. The experimental data was categorized into two different sections for training and testing the ANFIS model. The developed model aimed to evaluate the fitness between the experimental and predicted values. From the results generated, optimum value (IE%) of DM was recorded as 80%, 81% and 83% at concentration of 0.4 g/L for weight loss, EIS and PDP respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization results reveal that Dexamethasone functions as a mixed-type inhibitor, whereas studies of EIS show that the inhibition mechanism is by the transfer of charges. Mild steel surface examination confirmed the presence of a protective adsorbed film on the mild steel surface. Thermodynamic parameters obtained imply that Dexamethasone is adsorbed on the steel surface by a physiochemical process and obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Also the MD-simulation results evidenced that DM forms a metallic surface adsorbed film on the steel surface. From the ANFIS model, the sensitivity analysis shows that time and inhibitor concentration were the most important input variable while other input variables could not be neglected. ANFIS model coefficient of determination (R2 0.993) was found between the observed and predicted values. ANFIS model gave optimum prediction (80%) with high degree accuracy and robustness. The outcomes of this investigation provide more information, simulation, and prediction about inhibition of metal corrosion.

Flood vulnerability assessment of the upper Cross River basin using morphometric analysis

Abstract: Cross River, which originates from Cameroon, flows through several communities in Nigeria. The population upsurge and settlements near the river channel, however, portends the possibility of natura...

Co-administration of Selenium Nanoparticles and Metformin Abrogate Testicular Oxidative Injury by Suppressing Redox Imbalance, Augmenting Sperm Quality and Nrf2 Protein Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Abstract: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and metformin (Met) elicit individually protective effects against testicular oxidative injury in diabetic rats. However, the combined effects of both compounds have not been investigated. We investigated the effects of SeNPs and Met individual/co-treatment on testicular oxidative injury in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ-40 mg/kg bwt). The rats were equally divided into 6 groups: Group one—non-diabetic; group two—diabetic untreated; and group six—non-diabetic received citrate buffer (2 mL/kg bwt), while group three, four, and five received SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg bwt), Met (50 mg/kg bwt), and SeNPs/Met combined respectively, for 42 days. Results revealed that SeNPs, as well as Met treatment significantly (p < 0.001), lowered blood glucose levels and improved relative organ weights in treated rats than those of the untreated group. Moreover, a synergistic effect was observed in the co-administration group. Additionally, combined treatment elicited better effect, in augmenting the pituitary and testicular hormone (LH, FSH, prolactin, and testosterone) levels, marker enzymes/protein associated with steroidogenesis (3-βHSD, 17-βHSD, and StAR protein), and sperm functional parameters than those of individual treatment groups, when compared with control. Furthermore, the combinatorial effects of SeNPs and Met surpassed their influence in attenuating testicular oxidative stress/inflammation and upregulation of Nrf2 protein expression in diabetic rats when compared with control. Overall, normal rats, co-treated with SeNPs and Met, did not reveal any deleterious effect. Therefore, SeNPs and Met combined treatment may better improve testes function in diabetic conditions than an individual regimen.

Impact of stroke co-morbidities on cortical collateral flow following ischaemic stroke.

Abstract: Acute hyperglycaemia and chronic hypertension worsen stroke outcome but their impact on collateral perfusion, a determinant of penumbral life span, is poorly understood. Laser-speckle contrast imag...

Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) of PA6/G and PA6/GNP composites using two processing streams

Abstract: The thermogravimetric (TGA) responses of PA6 composites filled with synthetic Graphite (G) and Graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) each on 5 cumulative loading levels were investigated using two processing streams each of a common processing strain. To determine the effect of the 2 carbon fillers on the thermal stability of unfilled PA6, the temperatures at which 5, 20 and 50 wt% losses occurred were observed for the composites and the unfilled PA6. Weight lost at 460 °C and the carbon char at 600 °C were also noted. Effects of varying extrusion screw speeds as well as sonication amplitudes with time were given cognisance. To evaluate the effect of processing on the thermal response of the composites, two in situ polymerised streams and 2 melt extrusion streams with each set being equivalent in ‘magnitude of strain histories’ were characterised using TGA. The TGA for the unfilled PA6 and its graphite composite were conducted under inert (N2) blanketing and reactive (air) media. Initially, TGA responses of the fillers were studied and both GNP and G remained stable in N2. The onset of weight loss under N2 blanketing for G and GNP were respectively 820 ± 27.6 °C and 777.3 ± 17.7 °C. At temperature close to 900 °C, G showed relatively poorer thermal stability compared to GNP. A residue of 1.3% for G and 2.0% for GNP were left. The thermal stability of the streams G200/3 and G100/6 remained within a close range thus indicating that varying screw speeds and durations did not play a significant role on influence the thermal stability of the melt processed composites. For the composites, thermal stability were comparable with unfilled PA6, especially in the melt-processed systems, while Some changes occurred in the 2 in situ polymerized systems (20/20 and 40/10) which was ascribed to the presence of small molecules from the catalysing species or unconverted monomers.

Distance Learning Strategy in Covid-19 Pandemic for Primary Schools

Abstract: The COVID 19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on the economy and education around the world. The unexpected shift from face to face classroom methods with distance learning at home also showed the need to develop the dimensions of teachers. Current conditions also have limitations on students who live in rural areas as well as less able parents. Therefore, this study aimed to describe how distance learning strategies for COVID 19 pandemics in primary school. This study uses a literature study or research library. Therefore investigators the right strategy illustrate various literary analysis which can be a way to solve problems, including online learning or e-learning, online teaching as the needs, problems connected with online teaching and learning, possible solutions to this problem, the policy approvals for the Indonesian government, and strategies for distance learning primary school. Keywords: distance learning, strategies, covid 19, primary school

The impact of coloured filters on the performance of polycrystalline photovoltaic panel in an uncontrolled environment

Abstract: Photovoltaic modules behave extraordinarily by transforming part of the visible spectrum into electrical energy, and their efficiencies are affected by the nature of radiation (light) reaching them. When light strikes a photovoltaic cell, this light may go through the cell without been absorbed if it is too energetic or if the light possesses low energy it will be absorbed by the cell and cause the electrons to twist and vibrate in their bonds without dislodging them, hence causing the cell to heat up which ultimately leads to a decrease in its overall efficiency. This study is aimed to investigate how photovoltaics respond to different wavelengths of light. For the study to achieve its aim, colour filters were used to ensure that only a particular wavelength of light reaches the photovoltaic module at a time. In the process of collecting data from the solar panel, the solar panel was placed horizontally flat on a platform one meter above sea level facing the sun. Data was first obtained from the solar panel without the filters and after that with the filters placed one at a time and data collected accordingly. The amount of solar power and solar flux anytime a different colour filter was placed on the solar panel were measured. Among the coloured filter used yellow produced the highest efficiency, while blue produced the least efficiency. However, the solar panel was still more efficient when exposed to the natural spectrum.

The impact of high temperature and irradiance source on the efficiency of polycrystalline photovoltaic panel in a controlled environment

Abstract: Solar cells are highly sensitive to temperature, which affects its operating parameters. The study has its aim in accessing the impact of temperature (in excess above the maximum operating cell temperature) and irradiance source on the efficiency of polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) solar panels in an environment where the temperature and irradiance level can be fully controlled. For the study to achieve its aim, a solar box and tungsten light bulbs were used to create an environment where the irradiance level and the temperature can be controlled. The solar panel was placed inside the solar box facing the light source while the irradiance level and temperature were measured and held constant. Results show a steady decrease in voltage with increasing temperature while the performance ratio and efficiency of the photovoltaic module followed a similar trend as that of voltage once the temperature exceeds the maximum operating cell temperature. Results also show the output voltage of the photovoltaic to be higher under the tungsten light than the sun, but the efficiency achieved by the photovoltaic under the sun far exceeds that obtained under the tungsten light.

Assessment of regional best-fit probability density function of annual maximum rainfall using CFSR precipitation data

Abstract: The upper Cross River basin (UCRB) fits a true description of a data scarce watershed in respect of climatic data. This paper seeks to determine the best-fit probability density function (PDF) of annual maximum rainfall for the UCRB using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) precipitation data. Also, to evaluate the performance of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Global Circulation Models (GCMs) in simulating the monthly precipitation in the UCRB considering 1979–2014 data. For the determination of the best-fit PDF, the models under review included the generalized extreme value (GEV), normal, gamma, Weibull and log-normal (LN) distributions. Twenty-four weather station datasets were obtained and subjected to frequency distribution analysis on per station basis, and subsequently fitted to the respective PDFs. Also, simulated monthly precipitation data obtained from 16 AR4 GCMs, for weather station p6191, were subjected to frequency distribution analysis. The results showed the percentages of best-fit to worst-fit PDFs, considering the total number of stations, as follows: 54.17%, 45.83%, 37.50%, 45.83%, and 50%/50%. These percentages corresponded to GEV, Weibull, gamma, gamma, and LN/normal, respectively. The comparison of the predicted and observed values using the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test revealed that the GEV PDF is the best-fit model for the UCRB. The correlation coefficient values further corroborated the correctness of the test. The PDF of the observed data (weather station p6191) and the simulations of the 16 GCMs computed using monthly rainfall datasets were compared using a mean square error (MSE) dependent skill score. The result from this study suggested that the CGCM3.1 (T47) and MRI-CGCM2.3.2 provide the best representations of precipitation, considering about 36 years trend for station p6191. The results have no influence on how well the models perform in other geographical locations.

Mitigating Global Greenhouse Gas Emission: The Role of Trees as a Clean Mechanism For CO2 Sequestration

Abstract: Purpose: Globally, increase in average mean temperature of the earth has been a hindrance to human-health development, agricultural productivity including environmental sustainability. The situation is exacerbated by continual/increase in gas flaring, mismanagement of land that releases nitrous oxide (N2O) including ecological-disturbances and imbalance. To reduce the impact of greenhouse gas emission, especially in low-income regions, then using a bio-approach becomes imperative. Research Method: The work adopted a theoretical approach (data mining), x-raying/amplifying the important role trees plays in our environment towards reducing greenhouse gas emission. Findings: Trees has been found/confirmed to be able to capture and lock carbon in the form of CO2 in their biomass, thereby helping in reducing the amount of CO2 content in the atmosphere. Findings of this study revealed that trees act as a clean mechanism that can be used, and has been able to reduce CO2 content out of the atmosphere. Several reviewed research findings indicated a significant (p˂0.05) increase in carbon sequestration potential of various tree species. Research Limitations: Field verification for data obtained through data mining was only verified through literature search. Originality/value: The outcome of the study presented a view that trees can statistically act as a clean biological mechanism approach towards environmental, agricultural including human health sustainability in the face of climate change.

Properties of cellulose reinforced composites: a review

Abstract: This paper provides a review of cellulose, sources, extraction, molecular structure, cellulose whiskers, preparations, and morphology. The mechanical and thermal properties of cellulose reinforced composites are also discussed. Detail structure of Nano whiskers is also reported. As a renewable biomaterial, the most common source of cellulose is the plant. These plants include fruit fibers (coir), seed fibers (cotton), wood, leaf fibers (sisal), bast fibers (jute, kenaf, and hemp). Other sources of cellulose are from micro-organisms such as fungi, tunicates, bacteria, and algae. Cellulose whiskers are isolated from cellulose fibers by acid hydrolysis. Cellulose micro fibril structures are made of both amorphous and crystalline regions. The amorphous regions are vulnerable to hydrolysis by acids compared to the crystalline domains. Several techniques among which are Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have been used to study the morphology of cellulose whiskers. An interface between cellulose whisker and matrix is a transition zone between the matrix and the cellulose whiskers. It plays an important role in the overall mechanical properties of the composites. A soft interface domain will yield a greater resistance to fracture, while the composite will be low in stiffness and strength. On the other hand, a stiffer interface domain may cause the composite to be strong and stiff and less resistant to fracture. The addition of CW into polymers matrices has little or no effect on the glass transition temperature, (Tg) except on the modification of CW. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.9

The influence of solar power and solar flux on the efficiency of polycrystalline photovoltaics installed close to a river

Abstract: There is an increasing focus on utilizing the renewable energy resources, especially solar energy as the fossils are expected to deplete in near future. Solar Photovoltaics have remained of particular interest because of their relative lower overall efficiencies .Most researchers are trying to enhance the overall performance of Solar Photovoltaic and trying to study factor that may possible lead to an increase in the overall performance of a Solar Photovoltaic Panels. A thorough investigation was carried out to study the influence of solar power and solar flux on the performance parameters of Photovoltaic (Polycrystalline). The data used in the research was obtained by in-situ measurement approach using an SM206 precision digital solar power meter, a digital solar flux meter, and an M890C + digital Multimeter. The result obtained shows an interesting correlation for current, efficiency and solar power as well as for solar flux which indicates that high solar power and solar flux positively enhances the performance of the photovoltaic. The results also reveal that once the solar power or solar flux reaching the photovoltaic exceeds 200W/m 2 or 20Klux, the voltage from the photovoltaic approaches maximum and remains fairly stable irrespective of the amount of solar power or solar flux reaching the photovoltaic. The data collected for three months, July, August and September shows prediction efficiency of 87 %, 63% and 71% at 11:30am, 12:30 pm and 10:30 am respectively.

Bacterial characterization and quantification of rainwater harvested in a rural community in Nigeria

Abstract: This study investigated the bacteriological quality of rainwater (RW) harvested from storage facilities located in Ekpoma, a rural community in South-South Nigeria, and the possible health implications resulting from its intermittent or incessant consumption. In this study, 162 samples were collected from different storage devices located in Idumegbo, Ihumudumu, Ujoelen, Emaudo, and Ukpenu Extension areas. In total, ten (10) bacteria species namely: Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris, Yersinia pestis were predominant in the samples. Specifically, 30.2 % of the samples contained E. coli, 16.6 % contained Micrococcus luteum, 14.8 % contained Bacillus subtilis, 12.96 % contained Klebsiella pneumoniae, 11.1 % contained Salmonella typhimurium, 7.41 % contained Clostridium perfringens, 3.7 % contained Proteus vulgaris and Yersinia pestis, and 1.85 % contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. The bacterial load (Heterotrophic Plate Count) measured in the water samples varies widely between 292 x 10 4 CFU/mL to 2455 x 10 4 CFU/mL, while E.coli count were in the range of 40 x 10 4 C F U / m L to 884 x 10 4 C F U / m L for all districts in both open and closed tanks. The ANOVA and Welch two sample t-test conducted for open and closed tanks also showed no statistical difference in E. coli counts across all locations (p

Investigation of monthly variations in the efficiencies of photovoltaics due to sunrise and sunset times

Abstract: The effect of time of day and month on the efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy using a polycrystalline (PV) module in calabar was studied. A KT-908 precision digital hygrometer and thermometer, and a M890C+ digital multimeter were used in the process. Results obtained shows that photovoltaic produce different levels of peak efficiencies at different times of the day for different months due to the difference in sunrise and sunset times for the months. The results also indicated that photovoltaics will be more efficient in months with low average relative humidity couple with low panel temperature. A peak efficiency of 77% at 12:30 in the month of April was observed before dropping to 73% at 12:00 in the month of May, indicating that there might be further drop in efficiency as we proceed further into the year. Results also show that photovoltaics are more efficient before noon in the month of May than in April while the reverse will be observed in the afternoon.

Nollywood and Churches’ Oriental Fantasies: Its Impact on Art Reception, Patronage and Expression in Contemporary Nigeria

Abstract: The visual arts still suffer low reception and patronage in contemporary Nigeria as a result of an ongoing oriental stereotypical representation in Nollywood, the media and churches. This paper interrogates this problematic to address the subtle subversion of the arts that continues to grossly impede its development. Adopting the analytical tools of Content Analysis, this paper traces the origin of anti-art propagandism to missionary and colonial activities in Nigeria and establish its continues adverse propagation in Nollywood and modern churches. Findings from this paper conclude that the portrayal of visual arts in Nigerian movies as the instrument of dark practices and the further condemnation of the arts in churches as symbols of heathenism is responsible for the disdain towards the arts in contemporary Nigeria and responsible for its poor reception and patronage. The research contends, therefore, that both the media, Nollywood and churches must rethink their oriental fantasies about the arts because until that happens the anti-art culture inscribed in the consciousness of many Nigerians will continue to impede artistic progress and visual/aesthetic illiteracy.

Ameliorative Effect of Administering Avocado (Persea americana) Leaf Extract on Lead Acetate Toxicity in the Brain-cerebellum of Albino Rats

Abstract: Aim: To investigate whether the aqueous extract of avocado leaves can be used in alternative medicine for the remediation or treatment of lead poisoning in the brain. Study Design: Pure Experiment, using animal models. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria; between January 2019 and June 2019. Methodology: Twenty albino Wistar rats including both male and female, and weighing around 155 g were randomly assigned to four groups (designated as A,B,C and D), with each group consisting of five animals. While group A served as the control, group B was administered a daily dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of avocado leaf extract, group C received 150 mg/kg body weight per day of lead acetate, and group D was given 150 mg/kg body weight per day of lead acetate and immediately followed with 500 mg/kg body weight/day of the avocado leaf extract. Treatments were given once daily through the oral route using a syringe with attached micropipette tube for 15 days, while the animals had access to water and chow ad libitum. The rats were euthanized on the 16 th day by cervical dislocation and the cranial cavity was carefully exposed in order to dissect the brain and to obtain tissue samples from the cerebellum, which were then prepared for microscopic examination using routine histological techniques, with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Original Research Article Isaac; JOCAMR, 10(4): 29-37, 2020; Article no.JOCAMR.58817 30 Results: The findings showed the extract to be ameliorative by reducing histomorphological distortions of lead acetate toxicity in the brain, and thus caused moderate regeneration of the cerebellar tissue. Conclusion: The outcome of this research therefore indicates that the avocado leaf extract has medicinal potentials and could serve as an herbal remedy in the alternative treatment of lead

Do drivers differ in their attitudes on speed limit compliance between work and private settings? Results from a group of Nigerian drivers

Abstract: Existing evidence suggests that drivers, particularly those who work in companies with strong road safety cultures exhibit different sets of speeding attitudes and behaviours in work and private driving. Using Ajzen and Fishbein’s (1980) Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) and on-road driving experiments, this study examined the self-reported and objective behaviour of driving within posted speed limits for a sample of fleet drivers. The findings show that the TPB explained up to 24% of the variance in intention to comply with speed limits. Drivers’ attitude emerged as the most significant predictor and strongest correlate with intentions to comply with the speed limit in both work and private vehicle. Further analysis revealed participants had a higher intention to comply with speed limits in their work than private vehicle. Also, investigation of the relationship between TPB variables and observed speeding behaviour suggests that participants with higher intention to comply with the speed limit or high perceived behavioural control (PBC), exceeded the speed limit less often than those with lower intention to comply with the speed limit or low PBC. The findings have important theoretical and applied implications for development of better speed limit compliance interventions to improve driving behaviour, and road safety in general.

Evaluating the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on some reproductive hormones of male Wistar rats

Abstract: This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on some reproductive hormones of male Wistar rats. Eighteen (18) male Wistar rats weighing 120-200 g were divided into three (3) groups of six (6) animals each. The animals were allowed to undergo acclimatisation period for seven days before the start of the research. Animals in group A served as the control, while group B and C were administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of G. latifolium, respectively. The administration was performed for 14 days. Twelve hours after the last administration, the rats were sacrificed and cardiac puncture procedure was used to collect the blood for some reproductive hormonal analysis. The extract produced a (P<0.05) significant increase in serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone respectively at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight compared to normal control and progesterone produced a significant (P<0.05) decrease in all experimental groups compared with normal control. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and glycosides at varying concentrations. The rich phytochemicals in the extract of Gongronema latifolium strongly contribute in enhancing sexual health and libido in males. It is possible to use the plant extract in the management of erectile related dysfunction.

Path Analytic Study of Factors Affecting Students’ Attitude towards Test-Taking in Secondary Schools in Afikpo Education Zone, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Abstract: A structural equation modelling approach was used to analyse 32 factors affecting students’ attitudes towards test-taking in secondary schools. Data for the study were obtained from a sample of 1,276 students using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a Rating Scale on Factors Affecting Students’ Attitudes Towards Test-Taking (RSFASATTT). Findings of the study revealed a total of 21 factors that significantly affect students’ attitudes towards test-taking in secondary schools. Out of these significant factors, 14 had a positive effect while 7 factors negatively affected students’ attitudes towards test-taking. However, 11 factors were not significant predictors of students’ attitudes towards test-taking. Based on these findings, it was concluded that students’ attitudes towards test-taking are affected by several factors. These factors are either traceable to the students’ emotions, their family background, or the school environment. Based on this conclusion, recommendations and policy implications were made.

Abandonment of Housing Projects in Nigeria: Appraisal of the Environmental and Socio-Economic Implications

Abstract: The rate of housing project abandonment in Nigeria is alarming and increasing by the day. Housing projects are supposed to be beneficial to both the individuals and society at large as it depicts the level of a country’s development. But the incessant abandonment of these housing projects undoubtedly has some negative impact on the people, real property values, the construction industry and the built environment. This study aimed at reviewing the effects of housing project abandonment with the objective of identifying the causes in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States respectively. The study employed a combination of literature review site visitations, discussions with focal group (occupants and host of abandoned housing projects) and quantitative research approach using Linkert Scale structured questionnaires. The questionnaire were distributed to respondents mainly professionals in the building industry as well as users of abandoned housing project using purposive sampling method. The data collected was analyzed using Relative Importance Index (R.I.I). Findings reveal that 38 causes of project abandonment and 22 negative effects of abandonment of housing projects include defacing the aesthetics of the urban environment, visual defects on the environment/project site; distortions of the landscape/urban planning, structural failure of building, environmental pollution, increased health problems, threat to lives/insecurity, and decreased economic activities among others. The study recommended availability of funds for project execution, proper costing and appropriate schedule of project duration, transparency in selection of competent and trusted contractors, involvement of stakeholders in project selection and approval, policy of continuity of project by successive administration.

Art as Contextual Epistemology: A New Theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Avant-gardism in Africa

Abstract: Art constitutes a framework for the generation of new knowledge that enables a sophisticated understanding of society. It is deconstructivist/interrogative thus leads to the creation of alternative narratives and realities derived from complex visual interpretation of the universe, societies and circumstances. In a cognitivist sense, beyond aesthetic emotions/visual appeal art constitutes an intellectual source of knowledge through in-depth analysis of form, content and context of any given artwork. The paper adopts discourse and iconographic analysis as methodologies to introduce a new uncovered phenomenon of Contemporary Avant-gardism in postcolonial African art based on knowledge generation tailored to enforce change. This is achieved by interrogating the ideologies, methodologies and visual configurations of the works of contemporary African artists such as El Anatsui, Olu Amoda, Brett Murray, Kudzanai Chiurai, Clem Akpang and others. Their works instigate new lines of inquiries/knowledge through a renewed but subtle bohemian approach to artifactuality and interpretation of contemporary Africa. The paper submits that by its evocative/expressive nature, art creates structures of knowledge through subjective and visual dialogues that foster knowing in different ways beyond language. And that in contemporary African art-space this new artistic ethos is deployed as a form of avant-gardism that underpins the rationale of African art created in the continent today.

Biometric Authentication Schemes and Methods on Mobile Devices: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Due to the sensitivity and amount of information stored on mobile devices, the need to protect these devices from unauthorized access has become imperative. Among the various mechanisms to manage access on mobile devices, this chapter focused on identifying research trends on biometric authentication schemes. The systematic literature review approach was adopted to guide future researches in the subject area. Consequently, seventeen selected articles from journals in three databases (IEEE, ACM digital library, and SpringerLink) were reviewed. Findings from the reviewed articles indicated that touch gestures are the predominant authentication technique used in mobile devices, particularly in android devices. Furthermore, mimic attacks were identified as the commonest attacks on biometric authentic schemes. While, robust authentication techniques such as dental occlusion, ECG (electrocardiogram), palmprints and knuckles were identified as newly implemented authentication techniques in mobile devices.

Efficacy of basalt and granite as coarse aggregate in concrete mixture

Abstract: This present research was on the comparison of the efficacious use of basalt and granite as coarse aggregates in concrete work. In order to obtain the basis for comparison, physical and structural tests were conducted on the different materials of the concrete and the concrete samples respectively. Physical test results revealed that basalt have a specific gravity of 2.8 and 2.5, while granite have a specific gravity of 2.9 and 2.6. In density, basalt have a density of 1554.55kg/m3 while granite had a density of 1463.64kg/m3. Aggregate impact test conducted on both aggregates revealed a percentage of 11.05% for basalt and 12.63% for granite. The following structural tests were carried out: compressive strength tests, flexural and tensile strength test and the comparative results are as follows. Compressive strength for basalt 36.39N/mm2 while 37.16N/mm2 for granite. 24.81N/mm2 tensile strength for basalt while 12.57N/mm2 for granite, 31.83N/mm2 flexural strength for basalt while 27.97N/mm2 for granite. From the above results, it can be deduced that basalt has higher strength properties than granite. Therefore, more suitable for coarse aggregate in achieving higher strength with some quantity of other composition of the concrete mix when compared to granite.

Heavy Metals Concentration in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown around Some Gold Mining Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

Abstract: Aims: This study was aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe and Au) in mango plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) from two gold mining areas (Maraba and Duke) and the control (Kadauri) in Zamfara State, Nigeria for establishment of a baseline data for these metals and determining the suitability of the mango fruit for consumption. Study Design: Analytical study design was applied in a stratified manner for the research. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the environmental technology laboratory, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria between March and August 2019. Methodology: A cumulative total of 96 samples of plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) were collected and analysed for Lead, Cadmium, Iron and Gold using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with a mixture of 20 ml HNO3 and 8 ml HClO4. Results: The results obtained for the mean metal concentrations were; most abundant, Pb (62.07 ± Original Research Article Sam-Uket and Bate; JALSI, 23(5): 29-35, 2020; Article no.JALSI.57844 30 54.09 mg/kg) in mango roots from Duke and the least abundant, Cd (0.52 ± 0.44 mg/kg) in fruits from Kadauri. All the metals had very high (> 0.5) translocation factors indicating fast movement from the roots to the shoots while the mean values of these metals in the fruits were found to be above the WHO and FAO maximum permissible limits which shows high level of contamination as a result of gold mining activities. Metals generally occurred in the order: Pb>Fe> Au > Cd and they differed across sampling stations with the mining areas having significantly (P<0.05) higher values than the control. Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration in mango plant was found to be generally higher than the permissible limits hence the fruits are considered unsuitable for human consumption.

Effect of damp and treatment methods on residential buildings in calabar metropolis of cross river state

Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of damp and treatment methods on residential buildings in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State. Damp is a pervasive problem for residential buildings. It is at times expressed in the most unlikely places under unexpected and unsettling conditions due to heavy rainfall. It is usually expressed at home, market, and neighborhood or within community. At different-occasions damp had cause many damages to school properties, destruction of roads especially during rainy season. To achieve the purpose of this study two research questions were formulated to direct the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of one hundred respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. This was to give equal and independent opportunities to all the respondents to be selected for the study. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation by experts in measurement and evaluation. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the test re-test reliability method. The results of the respondents reveal that damp and treatment method significantly influence residential buildings in Calabar Metropolis. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the State government should construct good drainage system to enhance the free flow of stagnant water during or after rainfall in order not to cause damages to the buildings.

Degradation and preservation practices of information resources in academic libraries in Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to studyinvestigate degradation and preservation practices of information resources in academic libraries in Cross River State, Nigeria.It examined the nature and causes of degradation of information resources, strategies used in their control, and constraints limiting effective preservation.The study adopted survey design. The population for the studyconsisted of all information resources in the five academic libraries in the state. Purposivesampling technique was used in selecting 202 respondents who suppliedthe information used for the study. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and the data were analyzed using t-test. The result of the analysis showed that all the four null hypotheses were rejected. This means that the nature of information resources degradation in academic libraries in Cross River State is significantly high. The study also revealed that barriers to effective preservation of information resources in academic libraries in Cross River State are significantly high. Based on the findings,the study recommended among others that academic libraries should recruit adequate and trained manpower in the libraries for effective preservation programmes and activities.Academic libraries should consider various methods that could be applied to curb degradation of information resources in their holding. And,adequate annual budget allocationshould be provided for preservation programmes in academic libraries in the state.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Deterrence Theory in Information Security Compliance: New Insights From a Developing Country.

Abstract: There is a long-held belief that deterrence mechanisms are more useful in developing countries. Evidence on this belief is anecdotal rather than empirical. In this chapter, individual compliance to information system security policy (ISSP) is examined through the lenses of deterrence theory. The effects of certainty of detection and severity of punishment on attitude towards compliance and also ISSP compliance behaviour are investigated. A survey questionnaire was distributed to gather responses from 432 individuals who are staff of a public university in Ghana. The data was analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that severity of punishment has a positive effect on attitude towards compliance and ISSP compliance behaviour. However, certainty of detection neither affected attitude towards compliance nor ISSP compliance behaviour. It is recommended that organizations enhance the severity of sanctions imposed on those who violate ISSPs. Future studies should explore how users apply neutralization techniques to evade sanctions.