Cross River University of Technology

About: Cross River University of Technology is a education organization based out in Calabar, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Exergy. The organization has 465 authors who have published 507 publications receiving 2705 citations.

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults analysis: Using Nigeria 330-KV grid as case study

Abstract: When a short-circuit occurs in a power system, the magnitude of the fault currents, which is very high compared to the steady state current that flows in the power system, is determined by the reactance of the power system equipment (and the reactance of the ground if ground is involved) It is essential that symmetrical and unsymmetrical analysis of the power system network be undertaken to determine the magnitude of these fault currents and fault MVA (Megavolt-Ampere) so as to select adequate ratings of the power system protective devices — such as circuit breakers, relays and fuses Otherwise, these protective devices will not operate properly in the event of faults thereby causing considerable damage to life and equipment In this paper, the Nigeria 330KV network, 32 bus system is considered using relevant data which was obtained from the Nigerian National Integrated Power Project (NIPP) inhouse Grid Study Team Report, and the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) Power System toolbox in MATLAB was used to carry out the simulation analysis Fault impedance was set to j∗01, and the various kinds of faults were simulated at bus 32 (Calabar) and bus 6 (Ayede) Base MVA of 100 MVA and Base KV of 330 KV were used The results obtained show that symmetrical three phase fault is the most severe kind at the transmission lines, while for faults occurring very close to the generating station or synchronous generator, single line to ground fault is the most severe

Effects of chronic administration of gabapentin and carbamazepine on the histomorphology of the hippocampus and striatum

Abstract: Background: Antiepileptic drugs used to avert epileptic seizures necessitate prolonged duration for improved efficacy and are without side effects. Purpose: The present study investigated the effect of chronic administration of two common antiepileptic drugs - gabapentin and carbamazepine, on the histomorphology of the hippocampus and striatum in adult rats. Methods: 25 adult male Wistar rats were grouped randomly into 5 groups. 3 groups were administered either therapeutic doses of gabapentin (16 mg/kg) or carbamazepine (20 mg/ kg) or sub-therapeutic dose of gabapentin plus carbamazepine (8 + 10 mg/kg). To confirm anticonvulsant effects, these animals were kindled for seizures at sub-maximal electroshock. Appropriate negative and positive controls were given normal saline. At the end of treatment, brain tissues were obtained and processed for histological procedures. Results: The study confirm significant decrease in convulsion parameters tonic flexion, tonic extension and clonic convulsion, between drug treated groups and electroshock control. Histological studies revealed significant increase in neurons showing features of degeneration in the hippocampus, for drug treated groups as compared to normal and electroshock control. Also, drug treatment reduced nissl activity in both hippocampus and striatum. Conclusion: Chronic administration of gabapentin and carbamazepine may cause increased neurodegenerative changes in the adult brain. Conflict of Interests: None; Source of funding: None; Received Date : 08 February 2014; Revised Date : 12 March 2014; Accepted Date : 17 April 2014 doi : 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210206

Prevalence of endemic Bancroftian filariasis in the high altitude region of south-eastern Nigeria

Abstract: Background & objectives: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence and intensity of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in a high altitude region of south-eastern Nigeria, and ascertaining the prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms associated with the filarial infections. Methods: Thick smear of 50 l finger-prick blood collected at night between 2200 and 0200 hrs from consenting persons were stained with Giemsa and examined microscopically in a cross-sectional study. Consenting individuals were examined for various gradations of hydrocele, limb and scrotal elephantiasis by qualified medical personnel. Results: The prevalence of W. bancrofti microfilaraemia was 4.3%, highest in the older people but comparable in both sexes. The overall microfilarial (mf) geometric mean intensity (GMI) among mf positive individuals was 123 mf/ml of blood (138 mf/ml for males and 110 mf/ml of blood for females); and rose significantly with increasing age (one-way analysis of variance; p < 0.001). Prevalence of clinical manifestations was: hydrocele (7.1%), scrotal elephantiasis (4%), and limb elephantiasis (6%). The mf GMI was significantly higher among those without hydrocele or limb elephantiasis than among those with the clinical manifestations (t-test; p <0.05 for both tests); the opposite was the case for scrotal elephantiasis, (t-test; p <0.01). Conclusion: Filariasis is endemic in the high altitude region of south-eastern Nigeria. The chronic clinical manifestations observed there underscore the need for urgent combination therapy interventions.