Cross River University of Technology

About: Cross River University of Technology is a education organization based out in Calabar, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Exergy. The organization has 465 authors who have published 507 publications receiving 2705 citations.

Hippocampal and striatal histomorphology following chronic nicotine administration in female and male rats

Abstract: Background : Nicotine is a subject of continuous researches because of its potential therapeutic value for the management of neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases. Purpose : The present study examined the effects of its chronic subcutaneous administration on histomorphology of the hippocampus and striatum in both female and male rats. Methods : Forty adult female and male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 4 groups. Treated groups were administered nicotine via subcutaneous injections at doses of 0.25, 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Control groups received normal saline. At the end of administration, brain tissues were processed for paraffin wax embedding, and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) methods for general histological appearance, Cresyl violet methods for nissl substances, and Bielschwolsky silver impregnation method for neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Results : The study showed significant increase in percentage of neurons showing degenerating features in the hippocampus and striatum of both female and male rats. Only female rats showed positive agyrophilic (black-coloured) aggregations in the hippocampus and striatum following nicotine treatment. Conclusion : The present study indicates that higher doses of chronic nicotine administration may induce neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus and striatum. However, further studies using more specific method for studying neurodegeneration within brain regions is recommended.

Association and Path Coefficients Analysis of Fresh Root Yield of High and Low Cyanide Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Genotypes in the Humid Tropics

Abstract: Thirty-eight high- and low-cyanide cassava genotypes were examined in the 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons at Umudike, southeastern Nigeria using RCBD with three replications. Simple correlation associations and path coefficients analyses were computed among agronomic characters with the aim of understanding the interrelationships of these characters and the extent of their contribution to the root yield of cassava. There was a significant (P 2 0.05) positive correlation between root yield and number of roots plant-1 with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.57, average weight of root (r = 0.58) in high-cyanide cassava genotypes, while in low cyanide cassava genotypes, fresh root yield was highly significantly (P 2 0.01) correlated with average weight of root (r = 0.74). Path analysis showed that average weight of root had the highest direct effect in high (0.66) and in low cyanide (0.67) cassava genotypes. Also, the number of roots plant-1 in both types of cassava exerted a positive direct effect on fresh root yield, however, a minimum effect was obtained by number of leaves plant-1 (0.22) in high-cyanide cassava and number of stems plant-1 (-0.13) in lowcyanide cassava genotypes. Average weight of roots in high- and low-cyanide cassava genotypes had 98 and 89% direct effects, respectively, on yield of cassava. The results indicated the importance of average weight of roots and other characters such as number of roots plant-1, plant height, and number of leaves plant-1 in determining increased yield hence priority must be accorded it during selection aimed at increasing cassava root yield.

Bacteriological Quality and Antibiogram of Isolates Obtained from Creek Town River, Odukpani L.G.A., Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract: The bacteriological quality and antibiogram of isolates from Creek Town River were investigated to determine the quality of the river water and sensitivity patterns of the bacterial isolates. The bacteriological assessment was studied using pour plate and membrane filtration techniques. There was significant difference (P=.05) in total heterotrophic bacterial count, E. coli and coliform counts. The total heterotrophic bacterial and total coliform counts were shown to be highest in the CTR3 (8.0x10 6 cfu/ml) and CTR2 (3.0x10 5 cfu/ml). The total E. coli counts ranged from 1.5x10 2 cfu/ml to 5.8x10 2 cfu/ml. Bacterial counts were higher than the acceptable limit of the WHO standards. The bacteria isolated and characterized included eleven (11) bacterial genera: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Enterobacter faecalis, Streptococcus spp., Original Research Article Akubuenyi et al.; AJEE, 8(2): 1-11, 2018; Article no.AJEE.44505 2 Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp., Shigella spp. and Citrobacter spp. Out of these organisms, Ent. faecalis, Staph. aureus, Klebsiella spp., E. coli and Proteus spp. are the most prevalent (100%) in the samples. The antibiogram result indicated that there was significant statistical variation (P= .05) in the sensitivity profile of the test organisms to antibiotics. Moreover, E. coli and Proteus spp had the highest sensitivity of 90% while S. aureus had the lowest sensitivity of 30%. Result also revealed that chloramphenicol was the most effective antibiotic with 100% sensitivity, and there was significant difference (P=.05) in the effective of each antibiotic against test organisms. These findings indicated that the water from Creek Town River was not suitable for direct human consumption and it poses a serious threat to the health of the consumers. Water treatment is therefore recommended before it can be used for domestic purposes.

Dynamic Optimal Control Model for Periodic Multiple Chemotherapy (PMC) Treatment of Dual HIV - Pathogen Infections

Abstract: In pursuant of some vital models for HIV dynamics and treatment progression we identified and formulated as penultimate model a set of Dimension classical mathematical model which accounted for the dynamical interplay of dual HIV ndash parasitoid pathogen infections on dual immune systems studied using multiple chemotherapy cocktail in the presence of enhanced immune effectors response The model was considered as a continuous multiple chemotherapy treatment MCT and as periodic multiple chemotherapy treatment PMC transformed to an optimal control problem The positivity of the model state variables and stability properties was conducted Deploying classical optimal control theory the model used Pontryagin rsquo s maximum principle to investigate the existence of optimal control strategy established the optimality control system and justified the uniqueness of the system solutions Numerical methods were explored to numerically solve the existing model via Runge Kutter ndash in a Mathcad surface The result of the numerical analysis did not only identified PMC treatment as possible technique for the reduction of drug side effects and suppression of dual HIV ndash pathogen infection by enhanced immune effectors response but largely established continuous MCT which indicated complete elimination of dual HIV ndash pathogen viruses and provided window for quantification of minimized systemic cost as a more formidable approach in tackling the menace of the of the deadly dual infectivity Thus a broader verification and application of the model to related infectious disease is therefore suggested

Influence of Leadership Style on the Effectiveness of Teachers in Public Post Primary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract: These present study aimed at determining the relationship between leadership style and the effectiveness of Teachers in Public Post Primary School in Cross River State, Nigeria. A sample of 160 teachers was randomly drawn for the study. A four point likert-type questionnaire was used to gather data which was analyzed with Pearson Product-moment Correlation Analysis at 0.05 significance level and 138 degree of freedom. The results show that leadership style employ in these schools is more uncaring and autocratic than democratic. It was also revealed that teacher’s participation in decision making and effective communication, which were herein considered as the cornerstone of effective leadership, were grossly unavailable. This however, led to the ineffectiveness of the teacher’s significant contributions to the growth of educational system in the state. Vital recommendations were examined.