Showing papers by "Curtin University published in 2007"
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic classification of various ideas and techniques proposed towards the effective abstraction of video contents, and identify and detail, for each approach, the underlying components and how they are addressed in specific works.
Abstract: The demand for various multimedia applications is rapidly increasing due to the recent advance in the computing and network infrastructure, together with the widespread use of digital video technology. Among the key elements for the success of these applications is how to effectively and efficiently manage and store a huge amount of audio visual information, while at the same time providing user-friendly access to the stored data. This has fueled a quickly evolving research area known as video abstraction. As the name implies, video abstraction is a mechanism for generating a short summary of a video, which can either be a sequence of stationary images (keyframes) or moving images (video skims). In terms of browsing and navigation, a good video abstract will enable the user to gain maximum information about the target video sequence in a specified time constraint or sufficient information in the minimum time. Over past years, various ideas and techniques have been proposed towards the effective abstraction of video contents. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic classification of these works. We identify and detail, for each approach, the underlying components and how they are addressed in specific works.
879 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that leaf-mass–area is a robust index of sclerophylly as a surrogate for more rigorous mechanical properties used in herbivory studies and how a better understanding of plant structural defence would improve the understanding of Plant defence theory and enable us to predict how plant morphological responses to climate change might influence interactions at the individual, species, and ecosystem levels.
Abstract: We consider the role that key structural traits, such as spinescence, pubescence, sclerophylly and raphides, play in protecting plants from herbivore attack. Despite the likelihood that many of these morphological characteristics may have evolved as responses to other environmental stimuli, we show that each provides an important defence against herbivore attack in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We conclude that leaf-mass–area is a robust index of sclerophylly as a surrogate for more rigorous mechanical properties used in herbivory studies. We also examine herbivore counter-adaptations to plant structural defence and illustrate how herbivore attack can induce the deployment of intensified defensive measures. Although there have been few studies detailing how plant defences vary with age, we show that allocation to structural defences is related to plant ontogeny. Age-related changes in the deployment of structural defences plus a paucity of appropriate studies are two reasons why relationships with other plant fitness characteristics may be obscured, although we describe studies where trade-offs between structural defence and plant growth, reproduction, and chemical defences have been demonstrated. We also show how resource availability influences the expression of structural defences and demonstrate how poorly our understanding of plant structural defence fits into contemporary plant defence theory. Finally, we suggest how a better understanding of plant structural defence, particularly within the context of plant defence syndromes, would not only improve our understanding of plant defence theory, but enable us to predict how plant morphological responses to climate change might influence interactions at the individual (plant growth trade-offs), species (competition), and ecosystem (pollination and herbivory) levels.
704 citations
TL;DR: The concentrations and emission rates of commonly occurring VOCs in indoor air are presented, the effective catalyst systems, under UV and visible light, are discussed and the kinetics of photocatalytic oxidation is also presented.
618 citations
TL;DR: The age relations for assembly of Gondwana and Pangea indicate that the timing of collisional orogenesis between amalgamating continental bodies was synchronous with subduction initiation and contractional orogens within accretionary orogens located along the margins of these supercontinents as mentioned in this paper.
567 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors integrated findings of systematic reviews to summarise evidence for interventions aimed at prevention and reduction of harms related to adolescent substance use and found that patterns of substance use established in adolescence are quite stable and predict chronic patterns of use, mortality, and morbidity later in life.
473 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages from two samples of Mg-Al granulite and one of normal khondalite from the Khondalites belt of Inner Mongolia, North China Craton were reported.
414 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have selected the Heilongjiang complex located at the western margin of the Jiamusi Massif in northeastern China for geochronological investigation to address this issue.
Abstract: The tectonic setting of the Eastern Asian continental margin in the Jurassic is highly controversial. In the current study, we have selected the Heilongjiang complex located at the western margin of the Jiamusi Massif in northeastern China for geochronological investigation to address this issue. Field and petrographic investigations indicate that the Heilongjiang complex is composed predominately of granitic gneiss, marble, mafic-ultramafic rocks, blueschist, greenschist, quartzite, muscovite-albite schist and two-mica schist that were tectonically interleaved, indicating they represent a melange. The marble, two-mica schist and granitic gneiss were most probably derived from the Mashan complex, a high-grade gneiss complex in the Jiamusi Massif with which the Heilongjiang Group is intimately associated. The ultramafic rocks, blueschist, greenschist and quartzite (chert) are similar to components in ophiolite. The sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb zircon age of 265 ± 4 Ma for the granitic gneiss indicates that the protolith granite was emplaced coevally with Permian batholiths in the Jiamusi Massif. 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite and phengite from the granitic gneiss and mica schist yields a late Early Jurassic metamorphic age between 184 and 174 Ma. Early components of the Jiamusi Massif, including the Mashan complex, probably formed part of an exotic block from Gondwana, affected by late Pan-African orogenesis, and collided with the Asian continental margin during the Early Jurassic. Subduction of oceanic crust between the Jiamusi block and the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt resulted in the formation of a huge volume of Jurassic granites in the Zhangguangcai Range. Consequently, the collision of the Jiamusi Massif with the Central Asian Orogenic Belt to the west can be considered as the result of circum-Pacific accretion, unrelated to the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The widespread development of Jurassic accretionary complexes along the Asian continental margin supports such an interpretation.
409 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a peralkaline S-type Lesser Himalayan granite from the Kathmandu region, Nepal has been found to have a maximum age of 500 million years based on the youngest detrital grains.
405 citations
TL;DR: A project that examines ICT acceptance and utilisation by Australian occupational therapists is outlined, which uses a thoroughly constructed research model, with potentially the largest sample size ever tested, to extend technology acceptance research into the health sector.
379 citations
TL;DR: The Hulan Group of central Jilin Province, northeastern China, consists of felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks that underwent sub-greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism and multiple phases of deformation during formation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
377 citations
TL;DR: In this Harm Reduction Digest Livingston, Chikritzhs and Room review the research literature on the effects of density of alcohol sales outlets on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems; suggest a new way of conceptualising the relationships; and discuss the implications for reducing alcohol- related harm.
Abstract: Increasingly, it seems, legal and political debates regarding the granting of new liquor licences are turning to the issue of whether the number and density of alcohol outlets makes a difference in rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm. But what is the state of the evidence on this question? In this Harm Reduction Digest Livingston, Chikritzhs and Room review the research literature on the effects of density of alcohol sales outlets on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems; suggest a new way of conceptualising the relationships; and discuss the implications for reducing alcohol-related harm.
TL;DR: A survey of suffix array construction algorithms can be found in this article, with a comparison of the algorithms' worst-case time complexity and use of additional space, together with results of recent experimental test runs on many of their implementations.
Abstract: In 1990, Manber and Myers proposed suffix arrays as a space-saving alternative to suffix trees and described the first algorithms for suffix array construction and use. Since that time, and especially in the last few years, suffix array construction algorithms have proliferated in bewildering abundance. This survey paper attempts to provide simple high-level descriptions of these numerous algorithms that highlight both their distinctive features and their commonalities, while avoiding as much as possible the complexities of implementation details. New hybrid algorithms are also described. We provide comparisons of the algorithms' worst-case time complexity and use of additional space, together with results of recent experimental test runs on many of their implementations.
Australia Telescope National Facility1, Swinburne University of Technology2, York University3, Durham University4, University of Calgary5, University of Sydney6, University of Colorado Boulder7, University of Tasmania8, University of California, Berkeley9, University of Adelaide10, Laval University11, McGill University12, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics13, California Institute of Technology14, La Trobe University15, University of Toronto16, Australian National University17, University of British Columbia18, University of Western Australia19, Curtin University20
TL;DR: The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a technology demonstrator aimed in the mid-frequency range, and achieves instantaneous wide-area imaging through the development and deployment of phased-array feed systems on parabolic reflectors as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The future of centimetre and metre-wave astronomy lies with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a telescope under development by a consortium of 17 countries that will be 50 times more sensitive than any existing radio facility. Most of the key science for the SKA will be addressed through large-area imaging of the Universe at frequencies from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz. The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a technology demonstrator aimed in the mid-frequency range, and achieves instantaneous wide-area imaging through the development and deployment of phased-array feed systems on parabolic reflectors. The large field-of-view makes ASKAP an unprecedented synoptic telescope that will make substantial advances in SKA key science. ASKAP will be located at the Murchison Radio Observatory in inland Western Australia, one of the most radio-quiet locations on the Earth and one of two sites selected by the international community as a potential location for the SKA. In this paper, we outline an ambitious science program for ASKAP, examining key science such as understanding the evolution, formation and population of galaxies including our own, understanding the magnetic Universe, revealing the transient radio sky and searching for gravitational waves.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the viability of adaptive reuse of commercial buildings and the impact it has on the sustainability of existing built environment in Western Australia and find that the concept of adaptation is supported by building owners and there is a strong intuition/perception that adaptive reuse serves the key concepts of sustainability.
Abstract: Purpose – To investigate the viability of adaptive reuse of commercial buildings and the impact it has on the sustainability of existing built environment in Western Australia.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of building owners in Western Australia and a review of literature concerning adaptive reuse of commercial buildings.Findings – The concept of adaptation is supported by building owners and there is a strong intuition/perception that adaptive reuse serves the key concepts of sustainability. Building owners are considering adaptive reuse as a viable option to demolition and redevelopment of existing facilities.Research limitations/implications – The use of a structured questionnaire limits the depth of responses in the study. A follow up study using interviews would allow further because it does not allow probing, prompting and clarification of the issues addressed.Practical implications – Results from this research has implications for building owners and managers as it will eventually provide ...
TL;DR: To investigate the relationship between a child's weight and a broad range of family and maternal factors, a large number of children from low-income families are surveyed.
Abstract: to support the hypothesis that obese children come from families displaying such dysfunctional traits. 5,6 Thus, no clear pattern of family dynamics has consistently been associated with obesity. Previous studies examining the role of family and parental factors in childhood obesity have often been limited by small sample sizes, and a single measure of family function/dysfunction. Moreover, most previous studies have been based on the assumption that poor family functioning will be associated with inadequate parental monitoring and/or regulation of children’s eating and activity patterns. However, no specific underlying theory or mechanisms have been hypothesised to explain any role of family factors in childhood obesity. The role of the family has implications for the treatment of obese children — familybased treatment programs for obese children are based on the theory that parenting style, family functioning, and the home environment are key factors. 7-9 There is evidence of the long-term effectiveness of this approach. 7 We aimed to examine the relationship between a child’s weight and a broad range of family and maternal factors. Our hypothesis was that increasing adiposity in children would be associated with poor general family functioning (eg, poor communication, inadequate support towards other family members, poor problem-solving skills), lower socioeconomic status, inappropriate parenting style (eg, too lax or too controlling), the experience of negative life events in the family, and maternal psychopathology.
TL;DR: The Tianli Schists of the eastern Sibao orogeny as mentioned in this paper have been shown to undergo metamorphism and deformation at 1042 −± 7 −Ma to 1015 −± 4 −Ma, the oldest known metamorphic event in the eastern sibao Orogen.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of experimental study and analysis on the behaviour and the strength of reinforced geopolymer concrete slender columns and demonstrate that the design provisions contained in the current standards and codes can be used to design reinforced fly ash-based concrete columns.
Abstract: The objectives of this paper are to present the results of experimental study and analysis on the behaviour and the strength of reinforced geopolymer concrete slender columns. The experimental work involved testing of twelve columns under axial load and uniaxial bending in single curvature mode. The compressive strength of concrete for the first group of six columns was about 40 MPa, whereas concrete with a compressive strength of about 60 MPa was used in the other six columns. The other variables of the test program were longitudinal reinforcement ratio and load eccentricity. The test results gathered included the load carrying capacity, the load-deflection characteristics, and the failure modes of the columns. The analytical work involved the calculation of ultimate strength of test columns using the methods currently available in the literature. A simplified stability analysis is used to calculate the strength of columns. In addition, the design provisions contained in the Australian Standard AS3600 and the American Concrete Institute Building Code ACI318-02 are used to calculate the strength of geopolymer concrete columns. This paper demonstrates that the design provisions contained in the current standards and codes can be used to design reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer concrete columns.
TL;DR: A 15-item two-tier multiple-choice diagnostic instrument was developed to evaluate secondary students' ability to describe and explain seven types of chemical reactions using macroscopic, sub-microscopic and symbolic representations as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A 15-item two-tier multiple-choice diagnostic instrument was developed to evaluate secondary students’ ability to describe and explain seven types of chemical reactions using macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic representations. A mixed qualitative and quantitative case study was conducted over four years involving 787 Years 9 and 10 students (15 to 16 years old). The instrument was administered to sixty-five Year 9 students after nine months of instruction to evaluate their use of multiple levels of representation. Analysis of the students’ responses demonstrated acceptable reliability of the instrument, a wide range of difficulty indices and acceptable discrimination indices for 12 of the items. The teaching program proved to be successful in that in most instances students were able to describe and explain the observed changes in terms of the atoms, molecules and ions that were involved in the chemical reactions using appropriate symbols, formulas, and chemical and ionic equations. Nevertheless, despite the emphasis on multiple levels of representation during instruction, 14 conceptions were identified that indicated confusion between macroscopic and submicroscopic representations, a tendency to extrapolate bulk macroscopic properties of substances to the submicroscopic level, and limited understanding of the symbolic representational system. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2007, 8 (3), 293-307.]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that mobile-lid mantle convection in a three-dimensional spherical shell with observationally constrained mantle viscosity structure, and realistic convective vigor and internal heating rate is characterized by either a spherical harmonic degree-1 planform with a major upwelling in one hemisphere and a major downwelling on the other hemisphere when continents are absent, or a degree-2 plan form with two antipodal major upswellings when a supercontinent is present, causing the cyclic processes of assembly and breakup of supercontinents
TL;DR: The effect of acidic treatments of activated carbons on dye adsorption was investigated in this paper, where the effect of HNO3 treatment produces more active acidic surface groups such as carboxyl and lactone.
TL;DR: For older adult patients with CKD, these results suggest that nonselective NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors should be used cautiously and chronic exposure to any NSAID should be avoided.
TL;DR: This review provides an historical overview of the forensic use of luminol, and the current understanding of the reaction mechanism with particular reference to the catalysis by blood.
TL;DR: A novel method for cross-validation (CV) of LS-SVM or KRR is proposed in which instead of solving l linear systems of dimension (n-m), the inverse of an n dimensional square matrix is computed and solved to reduce the complexity when l is large and/or m is small.
TL;DR: Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
Abstract: 1. Blue whale locations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of 8058 whales), strandings (103), Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings. 2. Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort. Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per 1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia; higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile, southern Australia and south of Madagascar. 3. Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering. 4. Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true') subspecies is exceedingly rare and usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare) and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the Antarctic. 5. Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue whales. 6. South-east Pacific blue whales have a discrete distribution and high sighting rates compared with the Antarctic. Further work is needed to clarify their subspecific status given their distinctive genetics, acoustics and length frequencies. 7. Antarctic blue whales numbered 1700 (95% Bayesian interval 860–2900) in 1996 (less than 1% of original levels), but are increasing at 7.3% per annum (95% Bayesian interval 1.4– 11.6%). The status of other populations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean is unknown because few abundance estimates are available, but higher recent sighting rates suggest that they are less depleted than Antarctic blue whales.
TL;DR: Results from an Australian study of first year undergraduates confirm that ownership of laptops, mobile phones and music devices appears to be growing rapidly among this group, along with their use of tools such as instant messaging, blogs and podcasts.
Abstract: Studies and commentary from the United States suggest that current undergraduates, part of the so called Net Generation, are high end users of emerging technologies such as mobile devices and new communication tools. This paper reports results from an Australian study of first year undergraduates which confirms these assertions: ownership of laptops, mobile phones and music devices appears to be growing rapidly among this group, along with their use of tools such as instant messaging, blogs and podcasts. Discussion of these results include suggestions as to how teachers of first year undergraduates can incorporate these tools and devices into extramural learning experiences in order to increase engagement and exploit the Net Generation's desire for 'connectedness'.
TL;DR: New experimental evidence is provided that accessory mobilization of an osteoarthritic knee joint immediately produces both local and widespread hypoalgesic effects and may therefore be an effective means of reducing pain in this population.
TL;DR: There has been a plethora of research in the application of ion-selective electrode (ISE) methodologies that meet the stringent requirements (i.e., high selectivities and very low detection limits) for the analysis of important analytes in the environment as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This review will illustrate how it is possible to develop ion-selective electrode (ISE) methodologies that meet the stringent requirements (i.e., high selectivities and very low detection limits) for the analysis of important analytes in the environment, and will present a variety of examples on the application of ISEs in environmental analysis. Despite the experimental biases that have limited the analytical performance of ISEs through apparently high detection limits and modest selectivities, there has been a plethora of research in the application of ISEs in the monitoring of environmentally important trace metals and anions in natural waters and soils. Most popular has been the analysis of free metals in natural waters, as this parameter is known to be a master variable in the uptake and toxicology of trace metals on aquatic biota reflecting the bioavailability of trace metals in the environment. Furthermore, as copper is a major trace metal in coastal waters due to its extensive use in antifouling paints on sea vessels and structures, there are many reports in the literature on the use of the copper ISE in assays of either free copper or the copper complexing capacity of natural waters and soil peats. Moreover, there have been a variety of studies showing a strong correlation between free copper levels and the toxicity of copper on a variety of marine and fresh water organisms. Nevertheless, there are numerous reports in the literature that have used ISEs to monitor important anions such as fluoride, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, cyanide, etc., as well as other important cations such as ammonium and chromium(VI) in waste and natural waters. In conclusion, this review will present new and interesting perspectives on the application of ISEs in environmental analysis using approaches such as real-time remote monitoring of water quality, shipboard monitoring of environmentally important analytes using flow analysis instrumentation, the use of robust all-solid-state ISEs in submersible instruments for long-term deployment in the field, and innovative analytical approaches such as backside calibration and switchtrodes that avoid standard addition analysis and the concomitant perturbation in analyte speciation in natural samples.
TL;DR: Power output showed clear differences between age groups and fall status and appears to be the most relevant measurement of fall risk and highlights the cumulative effects on function of small changes in strength in individual muscle groups.
Abstract: Risk factors for medically unexplained falls may include reduced muscle power, strength and asymmetry in the lower limbs. Conflicting reports exist about strength and there is little information about power and symmetry. Forty-four healthy young people (29.3 ± 0.6 years), 44 older non-fallers (75.9 ± 0.6 years), and 34 older fallers (76.4 ± 0.8 years) were studied. Isometric, concentric and eccentric strength of the knee and ankle muscles and leg extension power were measured bilaterally. The younger group was stronger in all muscles and types of contraction than both older groups (P < 0.02–0.0001). Strength differences between the older groups occasionally reached significance in individual muscles and types of contraction but overall the fallers had 85% of the strength and 79% of the power of the non-fallers (P < 0.001). Young subjects generated more power than both older groups (P < 0.0001) and the fallers generated less than the non-fallers (P = 0.03). Strength symmetry showed an inconsistent age effect in some muscles and some contraction types. This was similar overall in the two older groups. Both older groups had greater asymmetry in power than the young (P < 0.02–0.004). Power asymmetry tended to be greater in the fallers than the non-fallers but this did not reach significance. These data do not support the suggestion that asymmetry of strength and power are associated with either increasing age or fall history. Power output showed clear differences between age groups and fall status and appears to be the most relevant measurement of fall risk and highlights the cumulative effects on function of small changes in strength in individual muscle groups.
TL;DR: Results from controlled testing show that significant improvement is achieved by using the proposed model in terms of both reducing the magnitude of observational residuals as well as the three-dimensional positioning accuracy of signalised points.
Abstract: A rigorous method for terrestrial laser scanner self-calibration using a network of signalised points is presented. Exterior orientation, object point co-ordinates and additional parameters are estimated simultaneously by free network adjustment. Spherical co-ordinate observation equations are augmented with a set of additional parameters that model systematic errors in range, horizontal direction and elevation angle. The error models include both physically interpretable and empirically identified components. Though the focus is on one particular make and model of AM–CW scanner system, the Faro 880, the mathematical models are formulated in a general framework so their application to other instruments only requires selection of an appropriate set of additional parameters. Results from controlled testing show that significant improvement is achieved by using the proposed model in terms of both reducing the magnitude of observational residuals as well as the three-dimensional positioning accuracy of signalised points. Ten self-calibration datasets captured over the course of 13 months are used to examine short- and long-term additional parameter stability via standard hypothesis testing techniques. Detailed investigations into correlation mechanisms between model parameters accompany the self-calibration solution analyses. Other contributions include an observation model for incorporation of integrated inclinometer observations into the self-calibration solution and an effective a priori outlier removal method. The benefit of the former is demonstrated to be reduced correlation between exterior orientation and additional parameters, even if inclinometer precision is low. The latter is arrived at by detailed analysis of the influence of incidence angle on range.
TL;DR: In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of a number of representative Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoids were analyzed and a clear negative correlation between SiO2 and P2O5 was found.
Abstract: Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) granitoids are widespread in the Nanling Range of South China, and are associated with numerous non-ferrous and rare metal mineral deposits. These granitoids consist mainly of slightly peraluminous biotite monzogranites and K-feldspar granites that are closely associated in time and space with subordinate amphibole-bearing granites and muscovite-and garnet-bearing granites. In most previous studies, the biotite-bearing granites were classified as crustal transformation-type (corresponding to the S-type) granites which were interpreted to be derived from the regional Paleoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks. In this paper, we re-analyze the geochemical characteristics of a number of representative Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoids. There exists a clear negative correlation between SiO2 and P2O5 for the studied granitoids. The Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoid suites (including amphibole-bearing granodiorites→biotite monzogranites→K-feldspar granites→two-mica (muscovite) granites) are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous I-type or fractionated I-type granites. They were derived predominantly from Proterozoic igneous protoliths. The juvenile crust and/or newly mantle-derived materials might also have been involved in some of these granites. In addition, the I-and fractionated I-type granites are closely associated in time and space with minor amount of A-type felsic and mafic volcanic and intrusive rocks as well as alkaline rocks. All these rocks constitute a typical assemblage of anorogenic, intraplate magmatism, suggesting a dominant lithospheric extensional regime for the Nanling Range and neighboring region during the Early Yanshanian period.