Curtin University

About: Curtin University is a education organization based out in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Zircon. The organization has 14257 authors who have published 48997 publications receiving 1336531 citations. The organization is also known as: WAIT & Western Australian Institute of Technology.

A single fast radio burst localized to a massive galaxy at cosmological distance

Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief radio emissions from distant astronomical sources. Some are known to repeat, but most are single bursts. Nonrepeating FRB observations have had insufficient positional accuracy to localize them to an individual host galaxy. We report the interferometric localization of the single-pulse FRB 180924 to a position 4 kiloparsecs from the center of a luminous galaxy at redshift 0.3214. The burst has not been observed to repeat. The properties of the burst and its host are markedly different from those of the only other accurately localized FRB source. The integrated electron column density along the line of sight closely matches models of the intergalactic medium, indicating that some FRBs are clean probes of the baryonic component of the cosmic web.

Learning and detecting activities from movement trajectories using the hierarchical hidden Markov model

Abstract: Directly modeling the inherent hierarchy and shared structures of human behaviors, we present an application of the hierarchical hidden Markov model (HHMM) for the problem of activity recognition. We argue that to robustly model and recognize complex human activities, it is crucial to exploit both the natural hierarchical decomposition and shared semantics embedded in the movement trajectories. To this end, we propose the use of the HHMM, a rich stochastic model that has been recently extended to handle shared structures, for representing and recognizing a set of complex indoor activities. Furthermore, in the need of real-time recognition, we propose a Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF) that efficiently computes the filtering distribution at a constant time complexity for each new observation arrival. The main contributions of this paper lie in the application of the shared-structure HHMM, the estimation of the model's parameters at all levels simultaneously, and a construction of an RBPF approximate inference scheme. The experimental results in a real-world environment have confirmed our belief that directly modeling shared structures not only reduces computational cost, but also improves recognition accuracy when compared with the tree HHMM and the flat HMM.

Joining of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and aluminium alloys-A review

Abstract: This paper investigates comprehensive knowledge regarding joining CFRP and aluminium alloys in available literature in terms of available methods, bonding processing and mechanism and properties. The methods employed comprise the use of adhesive, self-piercing rivet, bolt, clinching and welding to join only CFRP and aluminium alloys. The non-thermal joining methods received great attention though the welding process has high potential in joining these materials. Except adhesive bonding and welding, other joining methods require the penetration of metallic pins through joining parts and therefore, surface preparation is unimportant. No model is found to predict the properties of jointed structures, which makes it difficult to select one over another in applications. The choice of bonding methods depends primarily on the specific applications. The load-bearing mechanism of bolted joints is predominantly the friction that is the first stage resistance. Hybrid joints performance is enhanced by combining rivets, clinch or bolts with adhesives.

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: The Molecular Connectivity between Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and insulin resistance are age-related conditions and increased prevalence is of public concern. Recent research has provided evidence that insulin resistance and impaired insulin signalling may be a contributory factor to the progression of diabetes, dementia, and other neurological disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common subtype of dementia. Reduced release (for T2DM) and decreased action of insulin are central to the development and progression of both T2DM and AD. A literature search was conducted to identify molecular commonalities between obesity, diabetes, and AD. Insulin resistance affects many tissues and organs, either through impaired insulin signalling or through aberrant changes in both glucose and lipid (cholesterol and triacylglycerol) metabolism and concentrations in the blood. Although epidemiological and biological evidence has highlighted an increased incidence of cognitive decline and AD in patients with T2DM, the common molecular basis of cell and tissue dysfunction is rapidly gaining recognition. As a cause or consequence, the chronic inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with T2DM, amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction link T2DM and AD.

Hadean age for a post-magma-ocean zircon confirmed by atom-probe tomography

Abstract: The only physical evidence from the earliest phases of Earth’s evolution comes from zircons, ancient mineral grains that can be dated using the U‐Th‐Pb geochronometer 1 . Oxygen isotope ratios from such zircons have been used to infer when the hydrosphere and conditions habitable to life were established 2,3 . Chemical homogenization of Earth’s crust and the existence of a magma ocean have not been dated directly, but must have occurred earlier 4 . However, the accuracy of the U‐Pbzirconagescanplausiblybebiasedbypoorlyunderstood processes of intracrystalline Pb mobility 5‐7 . Here we use atomprobe tomography 8 to identify and map individual atoms in the oldest concordant grain from Earth, a 4.4-Gyr-old Hadean zircon with a high-temperature overgrowth that formed about 1Gyrafterthemineral’score.Isolatednanoclusters,measuring about 10nm and spaced 10‐50nm apart, are enriched in incompatible elements including radiogenic Pb with unusually high 207 Pb/ 206 Pbratios.Wedemonstratethatthelengthscales of these clusters make U‐Pb age biasing impossible, and that they formed during the later reheating event. Our tomography data thereby confirm that any mixing event of the silicate Earth must have occurred before 4.4Gyr ago, consistent with