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Showing papers by "Dalian University of Technology published in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the impact of economic ideology and national culture on the individual work values of managers in the United States, Russia, Japan, and China, and draw implications for the convergence-divergence-crossvergence of values, as well as for the feasibility of multidomestic or global strategies for a corporate culture.
Abstract: This study assesses the impact of economic ideology and national culture on the individual work values of managers in the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. The convergence-divergence-crossvergence (CDC) framework was used as theoretical framework for the study, while the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) was used to operationalize over investigation of managerial work values across these four countries. The findings largely support the crossvergence prospective, while also confirming the role of national culture. Implications from the findings are drawn for the convergence-divergence-crossvergence of values, as well as for the feasibility of multidomestic or global strategies for a corporate culture.

874 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a so-called ε-relaxed approach for structural topology optimization problems of discrete structures that eliminates the singular optima from the problem formulation and thus unify the sizing and topology optimized within the same framework.
Abstract: This paper presents a so-called e-relaxed approach for structural topology optimization problems of discrete structures. The distinctive feature of this new approach is that unlike the typical treatment of topology optimization problems based on the ground structure approach, we eliminate the singular optima from the problem formulation and thus unify the sizing and topology optimization within the same framework. As a result, numerical methods developed for sizing optimization problems can be applied directly to the solution of topology optimization problems without any further treatment. The application of the proposed approach and its effectiveness are illustrated with several numerical examples.

445 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new strategy is proposed that computes refined approximate eigenvectors by small sized singular value decompositions if Ritz values do and shows that the resulting refined algorithms converge more rapidly and are considerably more efficient than their counterparts.

131 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A series of novel water-soluble polyether-substituted triphenylphosphines (PETPPs) were prepared by means of the ethoxylation of mono-, di- and tri-p-hydroxytriphenyl phosphines as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A series of novel water-soluble polyether-substituted triphenylphosphines (PETPPs) were prepared by means of the ethoxylation of mono-, di- and tri-p-hydroxytriphenylphosphines. PETPPs manifest inverse temperature-dependent solubility in water that enables them to act as thermoregulated phase transfer ligands. The concept of the thermoregulated phase transfer catalysis is successfully applied to the biphasic hydroformylation of higher olefins, such as 1-dodecene, in the presence of rhodium-PETPP complexes as the catalysts.

102 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Withp being sufficiently large, minimizing the smooth functionFp(x) overX provides a very accurate solution to the min-max problem and the same procedure can be applied to solve systems of inequalities, linear programming problems, and constrained min- max problems.
Abstract: Consider a min-max problem in the form of min xeX max1≤i≤m {f i (x)}. It is well-known that the non-differentiability of the max functionF(x) ≡ max1≤i≤m {f i (x)} presents difficulty in finding an optimal solution. An entropic regularization procedure provides a smooth approximationF p(x) that uniformly converges toF(x) overX with a difference bounded by ln(m)/p, forp > 0. In this way, withp being sufficiently large, minimizing the smooth functionF p(x) overX provides a very accurate solution to the min-max problem. The same procedure can be applied to solve systems of inequalities, linear programming problems, and constrained min-max problems.

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical study of the dynamic performance of an ad-hoc cooling system for automobile waste heat recovery is presented, where a new lumped parameter non-equilibrium model is developed and used to investigate and optimize the waste heat cooling system, which is estimated to operate in quicker cycles when compared with the time needed to reach equilibrium.

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a series of novel poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)s was synthesized from bis(4-fluorophenyl) ketone, bis( 4-chlorophenyl), sulfone, and 4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-phthalazein-1-one through nucleophilic substitution polycondensation.
Abstract: A series of novel poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)s was synthesized from bis(4-fluorophenyl) ketone, bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone, and 4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-phthalazin-1-one through nucleophilic substitution polycondensation. The synthesized polymers exhibited surprisingly high glass transition temperatures and had excellent thermooxidative properties. The melt viscosities of these synthesized polymers are generally too high to be processed by common processing methods because of their very high glass transition temperatures and amorphous microstructure. An attempt was made to reduce their melt viscosities by solution blending the synthesized polymer with two kinds of oligomers: low molecular weight poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) and commercial poly(ether sulfone). The results proved that the addition of the oligomers to the polymers led to a marked decrease in melt viscosities. Furthermore, no obvious changes were observed in the thermal and mechanical properties of these blends after oligomer additions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1425–1432, 1997

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a brief review of papers relating to Smith's determinant and point out a common structure that can be found in many extensions and analogues of Smith determinant.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the residual stress, dislocation density and dislocation distribution in the films were calculated by a method called X-ray diffraction line profile analysis developed by Wilkens and Wang et al.
Abstract: Tantalum nitride and tantalum carbide films were prepared by the method of ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). The results of tranmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction showed that the films are all fcc structures and the grain sizes in the films are very small (about 10 to 20 nm). The composition depth profile and chemical binding character of films were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). Measurements of film properties, such as microhardness, adhesion of film to substrate, and surface resistance, were made on a microhardness tester, a scratch tester and a bridge of resistance measurement with four-pole probe, respectively. The residual stress, dislocation density and dislocation distribution in the films were calculated by a method called X-ray diffraction line profile analysis developed by Wilkens and Wang et al. According to the elastic theory of dislocations, the microhardness of films was also calculated by using the parameters of dislocations obtained.

68 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is proved that all the Saint-Venant solutions can be obtained directly via the zero eigenvalue solutions and all their Jordan normal forms of the corresponding Hamiltonian operator matrix.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient approach to the analysis of non-stationary random responses of structures subjected to evolutionary random excitation is proposed, which is first transformed into a pseudo excitation to generate deterministic equations of motion, which are then solved by means of a modified high precision direct integration method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, different results for optimal design can be obtained from the stationarity and extremum principles of mechanics, with focus on second order derivatives, and the important problem of material orientation is then used to exemplify the development, and similarities arising from working with modulus and compliance matrices are pointed out.
Abstract: Different results for optimal design can be obtained from the stationarity and extremum principles of mechanics. With focus on second order derivatives, these results are derived and discussed. The important problem of material orientation is then used to exemplify the development, and the similarities arising from working with modulus and compliance matrices are pointed out. For 2D-orthotropic materials an interesting classification is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2D numerical modeling algorithm based on a first-order velocity-stress hyperbolic system and a non-rectangular-grid finite-difference operator is presented.
Abstract: SUMMARY I present a 2-D numerical-modelling algorithm based on a first-order velocity-stress hyperbolic system and a non-rectangular-grid finite-difference operator. In this method the velocity and stress are defined at different nodes for a staggered grid. The scheme uses non-orthogonal grids, thereby surface topography and curved interfaces can be easily modelled in the seismic-wave-propagation stimulation. The free-surface conditions of complex geometry are achieved by using integral equilibrium equations on the surface, and the stability of the free-surface conditions is improved by introducing local filter modification. The method incorporates desirable qualities of the finite-element method and the staggered-grid finite-difference scheme, which is of high accuracy and low computational cost.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Wittrick-Williams method is extended to give the eigenvalue count needed by the precise integration method and by other methods involving mixed variable formulations, including a simple Timoshenko beam example.
Abstract: A precise integration algorithm has recently been proposed by Zhong (1994) for dynamic stiffness matrix computations, but he did not give a corresponding eigenvalue count method. The Wittrick-Williams algorithm gives an eigenvalue count method for pure displacement formulations, but the precise integration method uses a mixed variable formulation. Therefore the Wittrick-Williams method is extended in this paper to give the eigenvalue count needed by the precise integration method and by other methods involving mixed variable formulations. A simple Timoshenko beam example is included.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a low temperature, low pressure nitriding approach for surface modification of iron and steel is described. And the effect of the process temperatures on the surface hardness, the hardness-depth profile and the microstructure of nitrided pure iron has been investigated.
Abstract: Plasma source ion nitriding is a new low temperature, low pressure nitriding approach for the surface modification of iron and steel. A nitriding apparatus based on an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave plasma source has been developed. Nitrogen ions are accelerated from the ECR microwave plasma by a pulsed negative bias (typically − 2 kV) applied directly to the sample, are implanted, and are finally diffused to a depth below the surface at elevated temperatures which are regulated up to 450 °C by an auxiliary heater. An experimental investigation of plasma source ion nitriding into pure iron is described. The nitrided samples were characterized using optical metallography, microhardness measurement, glancing angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the process temperatures on the surface hardness, the hardness-depth profile and the microstructure of nitrided pure iron has been investigated. On the basis of these findings, it has been established that plasma source ion nitriding of pure iron can produce an iron nitride layer and a hardened diffusion zone at process temperatures from 150 to 450 °C.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article assessed Chinese women's motivation to manage and its relationship to managerial success in Chinese state-owned enterprises and found that overall managerial motivation of Chinese women was positively associated with managerial success.
Abstract: This study assessed Chinese women's motivation to manage and its relationship to managerial success in Chinese state-owned enterprises. It was found that overall managerial motivation of Chinese wo...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an efficient approach for analysing the non-stationary random responses of complex structures located in an evolutionary inhomogeneous stochastic field is proposed, where the cross-correlation terms both between the participant modes and between the ground joint excitations are included in the response calculations.
Abstract: An efficient approach is proposed for analysing the non-stationary random responses of complex structures located in an evolutionary inhomogeneous stochastic field. The approach is a kind of complete CQC method because the cross-correlation terms both between the participant modes and between the ground joint excitations are included in the response calculations. The effect of the loss of coherency between ground joints is also taken into account. For non-proportionally damped structures with many degrees of freedom, the order of the equations of motion can be reduced by using only real modes while structural non-stationary random responses can still be computed conveniently and accurately. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
K.Z. Chen, Z.K. Zhang, Z.L. Cui, D.H. Zuo, D.Z. Yang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined a new kind of nanostructured nickel particle with cerium shell structure prepared by the hydrogen arc plasma method and showed that the shell layer consisted of CeNi alloys and cerium oxide.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a closed hypersurface of constant mean curvature immersed in the unit sphere is characterized, where S is the square of the length of its second fundamental form.
Abstract: Let Mn be a closed hypersurface of constant mean curvature immersed in the unit sphere Sn+1 Denote by S the square of the length of its second fundamental form If S < 2fn 1, M is a small hypersphere in Sn+1 We also characterize all Mn with S = 2fn 1

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a Banach space ZH is defined, and it is proved that there is completeness of eigenfunction systems (symplectic orthogonal system) of a class of Hamiltonian system in ZH space.
Abstract: In this paper, a new Banach space ZH is defined, and it is proved that there is completeness of eigenfunction systems (symplectic orthogonal system) of a class of Hamiltonian system in ZH space. We have also proved the following results: ZH space can be continuously imbedded toL 2 [0, 1]×L 2 [0, 1], butZH ≠ L 2 [0,1] × L 1 [0, 1].

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of cellular ( σ + γ 2 ) structure on the hot tensile properties of duplex stainless steel aged at 750°C was studied and various solution treatments were employed.
Abstract: The influence of cellular ( σ + γ 2 ) structure on the hot tensile properties of duplex stainless steel aged at 750°C was studied. Various solution treatments were employed and subsequent ageing of the specimens at 750°C resulted in ( σ + γ 2 ) structure with different morphology and distribution within the austenite matrix. The amounts of σ precipitated at 750°C in different samples did not depend on the prior solution treatment temperature. These samples were tensile tested at 550 and 750°C, respectively. The yield strengths and ultimate tensile strengths increased while the ductility dropped in all aged samples compared with the unaged ones. The increase in strength is due to the replacement of the softer α phase with the harder but brittle ( σ + γ 2 ) cellular structure. Fracture surface analysis showed that cracks started predominately at σ / γ 2 interfaces. The cracks then merged and propagated in a direction perpendicular to the tensile direction within the cellular structure. With appropriate solution treatment to increase the spacing between the ( σ + γ 2 ) structure, the presence of cellular structure in the steel can increase the strength of the material and retains sufficient ductility at high temperatures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical fractal model is presented to describe the damage evolution of concrete, which demonstrates that the mechanism of fracture surfaces formed in concrete is closely related to the dynamic processes of the cascade coalescence of microcracks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, cylinders of TiNi shape-memory alloy were synthesized from mixtures of equiatomic fine irregular titanium and nickel powders by explosive-wave compression with a detonation velocity of about 6500 m s-1.
Abstract: Cylinders of TiNi shape-memory alloy were synthesized from mixtures of equiatomic fine irregular titanium and nickel powders by explosive-wave compression with a detonation velocity of about 6500 m s-1. B2 type parent phase, R phase, B19′ type martensite, Ti2Ni, Ti3Ni4 and Ti2Ni3 phases were observed in this as-synthesized material. In the B2 matrix high density dislocations existed. The Burgers vectors of many dislocations were determined to be parallel to \(\left\langle {111} \right\rangle \) directions. The R phase variants formed (0 0 1) B2 twinning structure. The substructure of the B19′ martensite was (0 0 1) B19′ type I twin and stacking faults on the (0 0 1) B19′ plane. When increasing the temperature of the as-synthesized material in a differential scanning calorimeter, no B19 ′ → R → B2 transitions were observed on the temperature range −50 to 100 °C. However, B2 → B19′(R) transitions occurred during the cooling cycle. After heat treating the specimen at 800 °C for 1 h and then ageing at 400 °C for 10 min, both B2 → R → B19′ and B19′(R) → B2 phase transitions were observed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach of a space curve adjoint to a ruled surface is presented, and the geometrical properties of a point trajectory in spatial motion are extensively researched by means of the new adjoint approach.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the isothermal aging effects in an as-quenched Cu-11.88Al-5.06Ni-1.96Ti shape memory alloy at temperatures in the range 250 degrees C to 400 degrees C were investigated.
Abstract: The isothermal aging effects in an as-quenched Cu-11.88Al-5.06Ni-1.65Mn-0.96Ti (wt pct) shape memory alloy at temperatures in the range 250 degrees C to 400 degrees C were investigated. The changes in the state of atomic order and microstructural evolutions were traced by means of in situ X-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity measurements, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical observations. The kinetics of the aging process, i.e., the temperature and time dependence of the properties including hardness, resistivity, martensitic transformation temperatures, and shape memory capacity were characterized, and at least three temperature-dependent aging stages were distinguished: (1) DO3 or L2(1) atomic reordering, which causes the martensitic transformation temperatures to shift upward and leads the M18R martensite to tend to be a N18R type structure; (2) formation of solute-depleted bainite which results in a drastic depression in martensitic transformation temperatures and loss of the shape memory capacity, accompanied by the atomic disordering in both the remaining parent phase and bainite; and (3) precipitation of the equilibrium cu and gamma(2) phases and destruction of the shape memory capacity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed strain element method in gradient plasticity for pressure dependent materials at large strains and its application to the modelling of strain localization is presented, where the two yield strength parameters of strain hardening/softening materials not only depend on the internal state variable but also on its Laplacian.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a smart composite material with aluminium matrix and shape memory alloy particles was developed, which showed reversible thermo-elastic martensitic transformations as in the bulk material and may be a promising smart composite with native sensing, high damping capacity and adaptive performances.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An algorithm of the ABS class, which solves a general qonsingular linear system in n 3/3 + 0(n 2) multiplications without the assumption that the coefficient matrix be regular, and the Abaffan properties of the method are described, including an efficient way of upd matrix after column interchanges.
Abstract: We describe an algorithm of the ABS class, which solves a general qonsingular linear system in n 3/3 + 0(n 2) multiplications without the assumption that the coefficient matrix be regular. The method can be viewed as a variation of the implicit LU algorithm of the ABS class, whose associated factorization contains a factor which is not triangular (but can be reduced to triangular form after suitable row permutations). We describe king the Abaffan properties of the method, including in particular an efficient way of upd matrix after column interchanges. Such a problem arises in the application to the simplex algorithm, where the implicit LX algorithm provides a faster technique than the standard LU factorization for the pivoting operation if the number of equality constraints m is greater than n/2