Showing papers by "Dartmouth College published in 1980"
TL;DR: In this article, the role of host country characteristics as determinants of foreign direct investment location patterns was reviewed and the effects of corporate experience on location decisions were analyzed. And the authors found that prior experience in a host country was found to increase the firm's priority for projects in that country relative to other investment options.
Abstract: This article reviews the role of host country characteristics as determinants of foreign direct investment location patterns. It then analyzes the effects of corporate experience on location decisions. Prior experience in a host country is found to increase the firm's priority for projects in that country relative to other investment options. In addition, the experience level of the firm influences the relative importance of different country characteristics in determining location patterns. Inexperienced firms exhibit greater preference for near, similar markets than firms with broader international operating experience.
872 citations
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TL;DR: The mRNA of the Gibbon ape T-Cell Growth Factor concentrated from a Cell line identified as UCD-MLA-144 lead to the production and cloning of its cDNA and the elucidation of its gene structure and that of the mature protein.
Abstract: The mRNA of the Gibbon ape T-Cell Growth Factor concentrated from a Cell line identified as UCD-MLA-144 lead to. the production and cloning of its cDNA and the elucidation of its gene structure and that of the mature protein. Transfer vectors for production of the Gibbon ape T-Cell Growth Factor are disclosed along with useful intermediate expression products.
843 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that some of the failings of the class of extrinsic timing theories are endemic to the class, and that a more adequate account must derive from an intrinsic timing theory.
358 citations
TL;DR: Meta-analytic methodology was applied to integrate findings from 22 comparisons of the effectiveness of student-rating feedback at the college level to find that feedback had a modest but significant effect on improving instruction.
Abstract: This article applied meta-analytic methodology to integrate findings from 22 comparisons of the effectiveness of student-rating feedback at the college level. On the average, feedback had a modest but significant effect on improving instruction. Instructors receiving mid-semester feedback averaged. 16 of a rating point higher on end-of-semester overall ratings than did instructors receiving no mid-semester feedback. This corresponded to a gain of over one-third of a standard-deviation unit, or a percentile gain of 15 points. The effects of student-rating feedback were accentuated when augmentation or consultation accompanied the ratings. Other study features, such as the length of time available to implement changes and the use of normative data, did not produce different effect sizes.
356 citations
01 Sep 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, high-resolution observations of the frontside magnetopause and boundary layer were made with the LASL/MPE fast plasma analyzer onboard the ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft, revealing a complex quasiperiodic structure of some of the observed boundary layers.
Abstract: Observations at high temporal resolution of the frontside magnetopause and plasma boundary layer, made with the LASL/MPE fast plasma analyzer onboard the ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft, revealed a complex quasiperiodic structure of some of the observed boundary layers. A cool tailward streaming boundary layer plasma was seen intermittently, with intervening periods of hot tenuous plasma which has properties similar to the magnetospheric population. While individual encounters with the boundary layer plasma last only a few minutes, the total observation time may extend over one hour or more.
341 citations
TL;DR: The inference processes involved in anaphoric reference were examined and it is concluded that these methods involve considerable problems in experimental design and theoretical interpretation and are also limited in the kinds of information they can provide about inference processing.
254 citations
TL;DR: The initial phase of the eruption forming Ukinrek Maars during March and April 1977 were explosions from the site of West Maar as mentioned in this paper, which were mainly phreatomagmatic and initially transitional to strombolian.
232 citations
TL;DR: The major findings indicated that physical disability did not necessarily relate to an increase in emotional disturbance, and adjuvant radiation therapy was a potent source of distress during primary cancer treatment, and at least one-third of all patients in each category reported needing help with household chores.
Abstract: The authors studied 146 breast cancer patients representing three different treatment regimens by means of a structured interview, open-ended questions, and a modified Psychiatric Status Schedule. The major findings indicated that physical disability did not necessarily relate to an increase in emotional disturbance. The most emotionally disturbing time was the first recurrence of the breast cancer, and the most common disturbance reported in all three treatment groups was in the area of mate role functioning. In addition, adjuvant radiation therapy was a potent source of distress during primary cancer treatment, and at least one-third of all patients in each category reported needing help with household chores.
220 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results suggest that the oral contraceptive steroid mes tranol is a promoter of the appearance of putative precursor lesions of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Abstract: A number of reports have described the occurrence of liver cell adenomas in women using oral contraceptives. Circum stantial evidence derived from human and early experimental animal data, together with the recent report of Taper [Cancer (Phila.), 42: 462-467, 1978], suggests that oral contraceptive steroids may be liver tumor promoters. The objective of this study was to determine whether the feeding of two commonly used oral contraceptive steroids, mestranol and norethynodrel, can promote diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were partially hepatectomized and intubated with either water or DEN (5 mg/kg body weight) 24 hr later. Twenty-four hr after carcinogen treatment, the animals were separated into seven groups (15 rats/group). The treatment groups were as follows: DEN —» mestranol, DEN —>norethynodrel, DEN —» mestranol plus norethynodrel, DEN -> 0.05% phA©nobarbital, DEN -»basal diet, H?O —>phA©nobarbital,and H2O —» mestranol plus nor ethynodrel. Steroid consumption was mestranol = 0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg body weight/day and norethynodrel = 0.5 to 0.75 mg/ kg/day. These doses are equivalent to 10 to 15 times the human dose. Five animals from each group were killed after 4 months and ten after 9 months. Histochemically detectable yglutamyl transpeptidase positive foci, together with hematoxylin and eosin-detectable lesions and y-glutamyl transpeptidase enzyme activity were scored in each liver. At both kill times, DEN-initiated animals fed diets containing mestranol, mestranol plus norethynodrel and phA©nobarbitalhad significantly greater numbers of y-glutamyl transpeptidase foci (p < 0.05) than did the controls. In addition, DEN-initiated animals fed diets con taining mestranol or mestranol plus norethynodrel had greater numbers of basophilic foci than did animals in the other groups. These results suggest that the oral contraceptive steroid mes tranol is a promoter of the appearance of putative precursor lesions of hepatocarcinogenesis.
215 citations
TL;DR: Patients who reported that their spouses were relatively solicitous in responding to pain behavior reported marginally higher levels of pain in the spouse‐observing condition than in the neutral‐observer condition.
Abstract: Twenty married chronic pain patients (pain duration > 8 mo.) consecutively admitted to a pain management program were administered a taped structured interview designed to elucidate the responses of their spouses to pain behavior. Additionally, patients were required to report their pain levels in two different observational conditions: when observed by their spouse and when observed by a "neutral observer", the ward clerk. Those patients who reported that their spouses were relatively non-solicitous in responding to pain behavior reported significantly lower pain levels in the spouse-observing condition than in the neutral-observer condition. Patients who reported that their spouses were relatively solicitous in responding to pain behavior reported marginally higher levels of pain in the spouse-observing condition than in the neutral-observer condition.
214 citations
TL;DR: The outcome of local anaesthetic blocks indicated that the impulses were generated ectopically along the nerve fibres previously subjected to ischaemia and not primarily from the receptors in the skin, suggesting that the perverted quality of paraesthesiae is due to an abnormal spatio-temporal pattern of ectopic impulses from different types of sensory units.
Abstract: Intraneural microelectrode recordings were obtained from sensory nerve fascicles in awake normal subjects experiencing post-ischaemic paraesthesiae. Spontaneous activity in afferent fibres started about half a minute after re-establishment of circulation; it peaked by the second minute and slowly waned thereafter. This parallelled the time course and intensity of the perceived paraesthesiae. During the most intense stage of paraesthesiae, single unit discharges consisted of prolonged bursts of high-frequency impulses (200-300 imp/s) lasting for 1 to 7 seconds. Repeated bursts became progressively shorter and often exhibited marked rhythmicity as paraesthesiae became weaker. Hyperventilation increased paroxysmal firing and paraesthesiae, whereas ischaemic periods repeated at short intervals exhausted the impulse generating mechanism. The outcome of local anaesthetic blocks indicated that the impulses were generated ectopically along the nerve fibres previously subjected to ischaemia and not primarily from the receptors in the skin. The high frequency of the discharge and the quality and distribution of various paraesthesiae suggest that sensory units with myelinated fibres participated in the paroxysmal discharge; normal activity, but no ectopic discharges were recorded in unmyelinated fibres. It is proposed that the perverted quality of paraesthesiae is due to an abnormal spatio-temporal pattern of ectopic impulses from different types of sensory units. creating a chaotic percept consisting of an assortment of sensations referred in irregular succession to multiple areas.
TL;DR: Under conditions of progressive hypoxia, oxygen transport was compared in bar-headed geese and Pekin ducks; the goose had a high oxygen affinity hemoglobin, compared with the duck; the oxyhemoglobin curves of both shifted slightly to the right as a result of acclimation to 5640 m; but only the duck developed erythrocytosis as a consequence of Acclimation.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that there were at least three major dispersal events of large mammals during the Pliocene (at 1.9, 2.6 and 3.7 Myr).
Abstract: The Cenozoic history of land mammals is marked by brief periods of intercontinental dispersal, termed dispersal events1,2. One of these dispersal events includes the horse Equus, that evolved in North America, dispersed to the Old World in the Pliocene, and became a prominent member of Old World Pleistocene communities. Equus was derived from a species of the single-toed horse Pliohippus, known only from North America3. Timing for the Pliocene dispersal of Equus into Europe was questioned4 following resolution for the appearance of Equus into the Siwalik sequence of Pakistan5. It seems that there were at least three major dispersal events of large mammals during the Pliocene (at 1.9, 2.6 and 3.7 Myr). We now report new data that limit the time of Equus' dispersal and into Europe to the 2.6 Myr dispersal event.
TL;DR: Sixteen continuous tumor‐cell cultures have been isolated from 91 tissue specimens from patients with small‐cell carcinoma of the lung, finding dense core vesicles, characteristically found in small‐ cell tumor cells were observed by electron microscopic examination of cultured cells.
Abstract: Sixteen continuous tumor-cell cultures have been isolated from 91 tissue specimens from patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biopsy and autopsy specimens of primary and metastatic tumors have been utilized. The developing cell lines were recognized by proliferation of tumor cells in the culture from one to 14 weeks after explantation and have been maintained for up to four years. Primary lung tumor, bone marrow aspirations, pleural effusions and other metastases have all been productive explant material for the development of cell lines. Their human origin has been demonstrated by chromosome and/or isoenzyme analysis. Dense core vesicles, characteristically found in small-cell tumor cells were observed by electron microscopic examination of cultured cells. Growth rates in vitro have been measured and the in vitro cycle time in tumors of one cell line (DMS 79) has been compared with in vivo cycle time in tumors arising from DMS 79 cells in nude athymic mice.
TL;DR: The Ukinrek Maars as mentioned in this paper formed 13 km behind the Aleutian arc near Peulik volcano on the Alaska Peninsula during ten days of phreatomagmatic activity in early April 1977.
TL;DR: Partial acid hydrolysis was studied as a per treatment to enhance enzymatic hydroxylation in a continuous flow reactor on oak corn Stover, newsprint, and Solka Floc at temperatures ranging from 160 to 220°C, acid concentration ranging from 0 to 1.2%, and a fixed treatment time of 0.22 min this article.
Abstract: Partial acid hydrolysis was studied as a per treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis, such a pretreatment was carried out in a continuous flow reactor on oak corn Stover, newsprint, and Solka Floc at temperatures ranging from 160 to 220°C, acid concentration ranging from 0 to 1.2%, and a fixed treatment time of 0.22 min. The resulting slurries and solids were than hydrolyzed with Trichoderma ressei QM 9414 cellulase at 50°C for 48 hr. For all substrates except Solka Floc, increased glucose yields were achieved during enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated materials as compared to hydrolysis of the original substrate. In several cases, after pretreatment, 100° of the potential glucose content of the substrate was converted to glucose after 24hr of enzymatic hydrolysis. It is felt that the increased glucose yields achieved after this pretreatment are due to acid's removal of hemicellulose, reduced degree of polymerization, and possibly due to a change in the crystal structure of the cellulose.
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element technique for solving multidimensional flow problems with moving boundaries is developed by means of Galerkin's procedure, which accounts automatically for continuous grid deformation during simulation, and utilizes finite difference techniques in the time domain.
TL;DR: The metazoan parasite fauna of 52 species of deep-living benthic fishes from depths of 53 to 5000m off the New York Bight is studied to find out why fish from within the submarine canyon are more heavily infested than those living without.
Abstract: We have studied the metazoan parasite fauna of 52 species of deep-living benthic fishes from depths of 53 to 5000m off the New York Bight (39–49°N; 70–72°W). 17144 parasites were recovered from 1712 fishes. The infestation rate was 80%, with an average of 12.5 worms per host. Percentage occurrence by group among all fishes was Monogenea 12.9%, Digenea 48%, Cestoda 22.1%, Nematoda 54.5%, Acanthocephala 3.8%, and Copepoda 4.5%. Differing composition of the parasite fauna in different fish species reflects differences in diet. Specialized feeders are rather distinct; generalized feeders, which predominate, show overlaps in parasite fauna. In individual species, changes in diet with growth are reflected in changes in the parasite fauna. Infestation rate is directly related to abundance of the free-living fauna; hence, fish from within the submarine canyon are more heavily infested than those living without. Although it contains fewer families and genera than shallow faunas, the deep-sea parasite fauna is not extremely unusual in terms of its abundance, diversity, or host specificity. At the greatest depths, parasite abundance and diversity dramatically decline.
TL;DR: Small columns packed with octadecasilylsilica were used to extract arginine-vasopressin in femtomole amounts from biological fluids for radioimmunoassay, effective in isolating the peptide from substances in plasma and serum which interfere with its quantitation.
Abstract: Small columns packed with octadecasilylsilica were used to extract arginine-vasopressin in femtomole amounts from biological fluids for radioimmunoassay. This method is effective in isolating the peptide from substances in plasma and serum which interfere with its quantitation. Consistent and reproducible results and recoveries >80% were obtained with this procedure. High pressure liquid chromatography and serial dilution of extracted samples confirm the identity of the extracted product.
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TL;DR: In this article, a methodology in terms of box models has been reexamined for the investigation of conservative and non-conservative quantities in estuaries, and both one and two dimensional models and both tidal exchange and circulation effects are included.
Abstract: A methodology in terms of box models has been reexamined for the investigation of conservative and nonconservative quantities in estuaries. Both one and two dimensional models and both tidal exchange and circulation effects are included. Various types of loss relations, sources and sinks, and vertical exchanges are considered. The box model results are tested against analytic solutions of the same problems where available and against two more refined, hydro-dynamic numerical model results for a nonconservative loss problem and for a suspended sediment distribution.
TL;DR: In this article, a priming technique is presented that allows assessment of distances between propositional (idea) units in the memory representations of texts, and a representation of the meaning of a paragraph can be obtained by listing the propositions of the paragraph and then connecting those propositions that share an argument.
TL;DR: There is a diminishing return from increased theoretical complexity and that in many practical situations the problem is not sufficiently well defined to merit an elaborate approach, according to an overview of theories of critical flow.
TL;DR: A visual analog of auditory selective attention paradigms is described and the amount of processing required to monitor unattended information was examined, finding no evidence that any processing capacity was required.
Abstract: A visual analog of auditory selective attention paradigms is described. Using that analog, we examined the amount of processing required to monitor unattended information. With the materials used, there was no evidence that any processing capacity was required to monitor the unattended information. Memory for the unattended information and the recognition of one’s name were examined to provide additional evidence concerning the fate of the unattended information.
TL;DR: Both behavioral and morphological characteristics of the prey were important in regulating the predator’s ability to capture and ingest the prey and in determining the time and energy which the predator had to invest to receive its nutritional rewards.
Abstract: The predatory behavior of field-collected Mesocyclops edax on four different kinds of prey was compared under similar and different predator starvation regimes. Unstarved Mesocyclaps did not consume either the ciliate Rhabdostyla or the cladoceran Bosmina. Increasing starvation in the predator increased the probability of ingestion after encounter for both of these prey. The rotifer Asplanchna and the nauplii of the copepod Diaptomus were consumed by starved and unstarved Mesocyclops. The probability of ingestion after encounter increased with increasing predator starvation for Asplanchna, but not for nauplii. Both behavioral and morphological characteristics of the prey were important in regulating the predator’s ability to capture and ingest the prey and in determining the time and energy which the predator had to invest to receive its nutritional rewards.
TL;DR: Uterine secretions from rats at various stages of the estrous cycle, after ovariectomy or hypophysectomy and after steroid administration to ovariectomized animals, were examined to assess the influence of hormones on the presence of immunoglobulins A and G.
Abstract: Uterine secretions from rats at various stages of the estrous cycle, after ovariectomy or hypophysectomy and after steroid administration to ovariectomized animals, were examined to assess the influence of hormones on the presence of immunoglobulins A and G (IgA and IgG). Both Igs were found to increase at the proestrus stage of the estrous cycle. At estrus, IgG dropped to low levels while IgA remained partially elevated. At diestrus, Ig levels were similar to those measured after ovariectomy. Changes in Ig levels during the estrous cycle are probably due to estradiol, since of those hormones studied, only estradiol increased uterine IgA and IgG in ovariectomized or hypophysectomized rats. In addition to being specific for estradiol, the uterine Ig response was dependent upon the length of time and the dose of estradiol administered. Short term administration of estradiol (2–3 days) resulted in marked elevations in IgA and IgG, whereas long term exposure (6–14 days) failed to maintain the initial increase...
TL;DR: The findings indicated that players who experienced more family instability, particularly those who experienced parental illnesses, separations, divorces and deaths, were more likely to sustain a significant injury.
Abstract: The Life Event Scale for Adolescents (LES-A) was used to gather data regarding the events that had occurred during the previous year from 114 high school football players. Injuries during the season were classified according to the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS). The findings indicated that players who experienced more family instability, particularly those who experienced parental illnesses, separations, divorces and deaths, were more likely to sustain a significant injury. It is postulated that a player's mental or emotional state may increase his risk of injury.