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Showing papers by "Deakin University published in 1989"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the steady-state voltammogram of an inlaid disc microelectrode of area A, where A is the diffusion coefficient of the reactant.

223 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study of an innovative program in primary schools in Queensland, Australia, explores how the instructional discourse of "daily physical education" varied across a number of sites of meaning production and how this instructional discourse was embedded in the regulative discourse of healthism which set limits on the extent to which the people operating at these sites could make their own sense of daily physical education.
Abstract: Health has become a symbolic category of considerable importance, expressing a range of notions relating to well‐being, consumption and normality. A particular view of health as corporeal and individualistic has become pervasive within the new health consciousness, and school physical education represents one site among many where the ideology of healthism is produced. This paper draws on a study of an innovative programme in primary schools in Queensland, Australia. It explores how on the one hand the instructional discourse of ‘daily physical education’ varied across a number of sites of meaning production and how on the other hand this instructional discourse was embedded in the regulative discourse of healthism which set limits on the extent to which the people operating at these sites could make their own sense of daily physical education. We argue that a corporeal and individualistic concept of health, in which body shape and fatness play a central role, is being produced through health‐bas...

195 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Geoff Buxey1
TL;DR: It is concluded that some areas and problems are more receptive than others and the emphasis is on developing flexible, integrative, and robust scheduling systems that provide the correct balance between (centralised) planning and shopfloor production control.

113 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemistry of a range of electron-transfer proteins at edge and basal-plane graphite electrodes has been reconsidered using a microscopic model, which involves fast electron transfer at very small oxygen-containing electroactive surface sites.
Abstract: The electrochemistry of a range of electron-transfer proteins at edge- and basal-plane graphite electrodes has been reconsidered using a microscopic model, which involves fast electron transfer at very small oxygen-containing electroactive surface sites. This model assumes that mass transport to the electrode occurs by radial diffusion when the density of the surface active sites is low (as is generally true in the case of the basal-plane graphite electrode) and by linear diffusion when the density of the active sites is increased sufficiently to cause overlap of the diffusion layers. With this model it is now proposed that the electrochemistry of cytochrome c, plastocyanin, and ferredoxin occurs with a very fast rate of charge transfer (≥1 cm s-1) at both edge- and basal-plane graphite electrodes. Critical factors, such as the mode of surface preparation (including covalent derivatization), the pH, and the presence in the electrolyte of cations such as Mg2+ or Cr(NH3)63+, control the density of surface sites, which result in the electrochemistry of a specific protein. This contrasts with the conclusion that has been reached previously based upon a conventional macroscopic model, which supposes that the rate of electron transfer is subject to enhancement or depression through these factors. The proposal that the electron-transfer process at the protein-graphite electrode interface is very fast over a wide range of conditions is now consistent with homogeneous kinetic studies where electron-transfer reactions of proteins, particularly amongst physiological partners, are also known to be fast. © 1989 American Chemical Society.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that women were less likely to intend to pursue further computing studies, although their achievement was higher than men, and women were more likely to choose a computer course than men.
Abstract: Fewer females than males enroll in secondary and tertiary computing courses. This has implications for both the national economy and for the development of women as individuals. Explanations for gender differences in enrollments place varying emphasis on 1) social learning explanations focusing on the importance of experience, encouragement from significant others, the provision of male role models, and the generalization of pre-existing attitudes to mathematics and science, 2) category-based explanations of computer selection and avoidance, 3) beliefs about gender differences in abilities, and 4) gender differences in attributions for success and failure. Using a sample of 222 Australian first year tertiary students enrolled in a compulsory unit of computer studies, data were collected from questionnaires and the university database. Initial gender differences in computing experience and attitudes were found. Women were less likely to intend to pursue further computing studies, although their achievement...

94 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, exact methods of determining the kinetic parameters α and ko, as well as the thermodynamic parameter Eo, from steady-state voltammograms at microdisc electrodes are presented.

94 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Etude par voltammetrie de la reduction electrochimique du cytochrome c sur une electrode de graphite dans une solution de phosphate, as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Etude par voltammetrie de la reduction electrochimique du cytochrome c sur une electrode de graphite dans une solution de phosphate

88 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the equation that describes near-steady-state cyclic voltammetry at reversible microelectrodes and proposed convolutive forecasting, which exactly converts a nonsteady state voltammogram into a steady state voltamogram, provided that corrections are made that account for the discrepancies between the heights and widths of the two waves.

72 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An ELISA method for the rapid determination of IgE binding sites (allergenic determinants) of proteins is reported, which allows rapid localisation of determinants from allergens of known sequence without the need to purify large amounts of allergen nor to generate peptides by cleavage of it.

65 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest that quality can be best assessed by using a number of methods, and the quality of nursing care delivered in a unit which focuses on therapeutic nursing is significantly and consistently higher than that delivered in acute hospital wards.
Abstract: Determining quality in a unit where nursing is the primary intervention This paper discusses the use of a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods of measuring quality in a nursing unit. It reports the result of comparing the quality of nursing care between patients admitted to the nursing unit concerned (in Oxford, England) following admission to an acute ward, with patients who spent the whole of their hospitalization in an acute ward. The findings suggest that quality can be best assessed by using a number of methods, and the quality of nursing care delivered in a unit which focuses on therapeutic nursing is significantly and consistently higher than that delivered in acute hospital wards.

Journal ArticleDOI
Ian Robottom1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors raise the issue of the appropriateness of applied science approaches to evaluation in environmental education and argue for a deliberative choice of research paradigm for environmental education.
Abstract: Environmental education is often thought of as the branch of science education whose field of inquiry encompasses those necessarily value-laden issues of human intervention in the natural world While this perception would be contested by those who see the origins of environmental education lying in the sociopolitical arena of community concerns about exploitation of the environment, it is true to say that environmental education and science education are commonly associated in ways that other disciplines are not, and thus it is perhaps to be expected that the dominant paradigm of evaluation in environmental education should be applied science in character This article raises the issue of the appropriateness of applied science approaches to evaluation in environmental education The article begins with a critique of applied science approaches to evaluation, drawing arguments from the broader field of educational evaluation The relationship between characteristics of applied science approaches to evaluation on the one hand and the special characteristics of environmental education on the other is then explored, and the article concludes with an argument for a deliberative choice of research paradigm in environmental education

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The polarographic response of tributyltin (TBT) as the chloride in 0.1 M NH 4 NO 3 at pH 5.3 was examined in a number of cells constructed from materials commonly used in the collection, storage, and analysis of environmental samples as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The polarographic response of tributyltin (TBT) as the chloride in 0.1 M NH 4 NO 3 at pH 5.3 was examined in a number of cells constructed from materials commonly used in the collection, storage, and analysis of environmental samples. The response per unit concentration was greatest with polycarbonate and least with Perspex. This change is ascribed to significant adsorption of TBT onto the polarographic cell, electrodes, and stirrer. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to confirm the relative response for polycarbonate, glass, and Perspex. Adsorption was shown to take place on glass in less than 1 min after mixing

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 66, No. 5, No., 6, Educational Leadership and the Struggle for Mind, pp. 19-40.
Abstract: (1989). Changing from within: Feminist educators and administrative leadership. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 66, Educational Leadership and the Struggle for Mind, pp. 19-40.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine inferences made by a beginning teacher and illustrate that traditional notions of validity as presented by Cronbach and Cook and Campbell are inadequate for judging their validity.
Abstract: The authors examine inferences made by a beginning teacher and illustrate that traditional notions of validity as presented by Cronbach and Cook and Campbell are inadequate for judging their validity. These traditional notions of validity depend on a regularity theory of causation, although Cronbach's and Cook and Campbell's particular conceptions are quite different. The relationships between causation and validity are discussed. A different theory of causation, an intentional theory of causation, is explicated. Such a view runs counter to the principles of the regularity theory but makes intuitive sense and seems particularly sensible in understanding teachers' causal inferences. The authors advocate an expanded, pluralistic conception of validity that allows that inferences made in a variety of ways can be valid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A sophisticated appreciation of the role of nutrition in athletic performance has been made possible by increasing knowledge of the physiology of exercise, and current interest is focused on the mineral status of athletes, particularly that of iron and calcium.
Abstract: A sophisticated appreciation of the role of nutrition in athletic performance has been made possible by increasing knowledge of the physiology of exercise. The nutritional issues of training are of primary importance, since this occupies most of the athlete's effort. The nutritional support of an intense daily training programme includes an appropriately high energy intake, predominantly in the form of carbohydrate in order to continually replenish muscle glycogen stores. Recent review of the protein needs of athletes indicates that requirements may be substantially above those of sedentary subjects, to account for the oxidation of amino acids during exercise as well as the retention of nitrogen during periods of muscle building. However, these increased requirements are likely to be met by the generous protein intakes anticipated in a high energy diet. The same would seem to hold true for micronutrient considerations, although there is no evidence that vitamin requirements are considerably increased by exercise. Nevertheless, a high energy diet chosen from a sufficiently varied range of foods should allow micronutrient intakes well in excess of population recommended dietary intake levels. Current interest is focused on the mineral status of athletes, particularly that of iron and calcium. In the case of iron, there is a possibility that the increased level of loss by some endurance athletes will not be met by their usual dietary patterns. Screening for early signs of iron deficiency, and appropriate supplementation and dietary counselling seem warranted in high risk groups. Competition poses the challenge of identifying possible factors limiting performance, and taking steps to delay or reduce these. Of paramount importance is body temperature regulation through the maintenance of hydration levels. This issue has long been recognised, but recent studies of gastric emptying and the benefits of carbohydrate supplementation during exercise have caused an update of the advice to athletes regarding fluid intake during exercise. It now seems possible to simultaneously achieve fluid and carbohydrate requirements for endurance exercise within a wide range of choice of beverages containing up to 10% carbohydrate. Concern about the adequacy of carbohydrate fuel stores in endurance exercise situations is also well known. The recognition that training achieves various physiological adaptations to enhance the lifespan of fuel stores has taken away some of the attention previously focussed on carbohydrate-loading techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three high affinity receptors (NK1, NK2 and NK3) recognizing the C‐terminal end of tachykinins have been described, with probable endogenous ligands substance P (SP‐), neurokinin A and Neurokinin B, respectively.
Abstract: 1. Three high affinity receptors (NK1, NK2 and NK3) recognizing the C-terminal end of tachykinins have been described, with probable endogenous ligands substance P (SP-), neurokinin A and neurokinin B, respectively. 2. Other receptors recognizing the N-terminal regions of SP exist in adrenal medulla and central nervous system (CNS) with a low affinity receptor on mast cells. 3. NK1 receptors are associated with blood vessels, all types of smooth muscle, enteric ganglia and glands. NK2 receptors are found on gastrointestinal and urinary smooth muscle, but few peripheral NK3 receptors have been described. In contrast, NK1, NK3 but not NK2 receptors are widely distributed in the CNS. 4. Problems associated with the study of tachykinin receptors include low selectivity of endogenous tachykinins, poor antagonists and susceptibility of peptides to enzymatic degradation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was no apparent change in distribution or number of BHSP binding sites after neonatal capsaicin pretreatment, indicating a probable absence of NK1 receptors on sensory terminals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The electrochemistry of nineteen indole compounds of the general formula has been studied at mercury electrodes by differential pulse polarization, dc polarography, cyclic voltanunetry, cathodic stripping voltammetry and electrocapillary curves as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the various simultaneous ESR-electrochemical techniques that have been developed is presented in this article, where the advantages and disadvantages of the stationary and flow-through cell configurations are described.
Abstract: A review of the various simultaneous ESR-electrochemical techniques that have been developed is presented. Special advantages and disadvantages of the stationary and flow-through cell configurations are described. A critical evaluation of the in situ ESR-electrochemical cells developed to date has also been made. A selected survey of applications is presented to illustrate the wide range of chemical information on redox reactions which can be obtained by the simultaneous ESR-electrochemical method.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper summarizes and criticizes some concepts of how babies breastfeed that have been inadequately researched or influenced by literature about how babies bottle feed, and discusses the importance of breast shape, tension, and protractility.
Abstract: Difficulties in breastfeeding frequently arise from the failure of mothers and caregivers alike to understand what is happening as babies breastfeed, and what that means about positioning the baby for breastfeeding. This paper summarizes and criticizes some concepts of how babies breastfeed that have been inadequately researched or influenced by literature about how babies bottle feed. Recent ultrasound studies confirm overlooked earlier work and offer the basis for a rational understanding of how to facilitate adequate contact between the baby's mouth and the mother's breast and how to recognize poor positioning. The importance of breast shape, tension, and protractility are discussed, and the role of engorgement in nipple trauma explained; the differences between breastfeeding and feeding from so-called orthodontic teats are outlined. Understanding these matters is important to preventing breast and nipple problems and premature weaning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of enquiries into the activities of listed Australian companies towards standard setting and an explanation of why some firms participate in the standard setting process and others do not are discussed.
Abstract: Public accessibility to the records of standard setting organisations has encouraged research into the processes involved and the final outcomes. There is also a need to examine the standard setting process by enquiries directed towards the activities of external groups with an interest in the processes. This paper details the results of enquiries into the activities of listed Australian companies towards standard setting and provides an explanation of why some firms participate in the standard setting process and others do not.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1989-Toxicon
TL;DR: The stability of both the lethal and hemolytic activities of box jellyfish tentacle extract was assessed after various extraction procedures and evidence for proteolytic activity in the extract was also obtained and monitored by size exclusion HPLC.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that sterol and fatty acid analyses can be a useful additional procedure to the conventional methods for distin guishing between animal fibers.
Abstract: We report our analysis of the sterol and fatty acid composition of wools from different breeds of sheep and from different climatic zones. The results are compared with analyses of other protein fibers. Cholesterol, desmosterol, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids account for the majority of the internal lipids in animal fibers, with the exception of human hair and fibers of the camel family. We conclude that sterol and fatty acid analyses can be a useful additional procedure to the conventional methods for distin guishing between animal fibers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gold and platinum ultrathin ring microelectrodes (0.1 μm × 0.5 mm) were made by sputtering from fired metalloorganic paint, and from foil for use as sensors in a thick-layer wall-jet flow cell as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Gold and platinum ultrathin ring microelectrodes (0.1–0.5 mm thick, 1.5–4 mm diameter) were made by sputtering, from fired metalloorganic paint, and from foil for use as sensors in a thick-layer wall-jet flow cell. An end-on array of three 0.1 μm × 0.5 mm gold band electrodes were mounted parallel to the flow direction in a thin-layer channel cell. These ultrathin sensors, along with a jet-centered carbon microdisk, were evaluated in the amperometric flow-injection mode for temporal stability, calibration sensitivity, detectivity, background signal, and flow rate dependence of the analytical signal using ferrocene samples in acetonitrile containing 10−4–10−2 M TEAP. The detectivity of gold paint ring electrodes made on borosilicate glass was 3–6 nM, an order of magnitude lower than any of the other electrodes tested. Analytical signals from gold paint and foil rings and the carbon microdisk had the best temporal stability. The current for the ultrathin band array in a channel cell was flow rate-independent, and the exponential dependence of cell current on flow rate was 0.11–0.14 for ultrathin rings in the thick-layer wall-jet mode.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vietnamese mothers perceived intelligence as more important than did Anglo mothers, had a more narrowly focused view of education and intellectual development, and expected later acquisition of intellectual abilities to be consistent with traditional Vietnamese values.
Abstract: Vietnamese- and Anglo-Australian mothers’ beliefs about intelligence and its development were obtained through a structured interview. Twenty–five working-class Vietnamese, 32 working-class and 39 upper-middle-class Anglo mothers of five-year-old children were asked about the heritability and stability of intelligence, its importance in different life domains and the roles of parents and teachers in developing intelligence. Developmental timetables for the acquisition of certain intellectual abilities were also elicited. Culture emerged as a significant influence on mothers’ beliefs considerably more than did social class or sex of their child. Vietnamese mothers perceived intelligence as more important than did Anglo mothers, had a more narrowly focused view of education and intellectual development, and expected later acquisition of intellectual abilities. These differences are consistent with traditional Vietnamese values.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the time needed for screening for immunogenicity of large numbers of synthetic peptides thus be greatly shortened by using peptidyl-resins for immunization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a sociological description and analysis of farewell conduct in an Australian sample of 100 terminally ill cancer patients was presented, and the decision not to farewell and the reasons underlying this choice were examined.
Abstract: This article presents a sociological description and analysis of farewell conduct in an Australian sample of 100 terminally ill cancer patients. Farewells already made before the research interviews and those that were desired and planned are outlined. Sociological functions which can be surmised from this conduct are discussed. The decision not to farewell and the reasons underlying this choice are examined. Eighty-one percent of the respondents reported a desire to farewell. Most expressed a desire for these to take place late in the course of their dying. Important to the timing of farewells were considerations concerning: 1) the nature of certain relationships; 2) the physical proximity to these; and 3) the type of farewells desired. Prominent in preferred styles of farewells were the gift, the conversation, and the letter.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There were differences in detection thresholds between the young and old groups at photopic and scotopic luminances, but no differences in spatial summation areas at either background luminance level.